A comparison of demographic profiles, clinical profile, course, and outcome of Bipolar I Disorder and Bipolar II Disorder: Findings from the Bipolar Disorder Course and Outcome study from India (BiD-CoIN study).

Background: There is lack of data on bipolar disorder (BD) type II from India.

Aim: To compare the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with BD-I and BD-II using the data of the Bipolar Disorder Course and Outcome study from India (BiD-CoIN study).

Methodology: Using the data of the BiD-CoIN study, patients with BD-I and BD-II were compared for demographic and clinical variables.

Status of Sepsis Care in European Hospitals: Results from an International Cross-Sectional Survey.

Rationale: Early detection, standardized therapy, adequate infrastructure and strategies for quality improvement should constitute essential components of every hospital's sepsis plan.

Objectives: To investigate the extent to which recommendations from the sepsis guidelines are implemented and the availability of infrastructure for the care of patients with sepsis in acute hospitals.

Methods: A multidisciplinary cross-sectional questionnaire was used to investigate sepsis care in hospitals.

Lu-DOTATATE Plus Capecitabine Versus Lu-DOTATATE Alone in Patients with Advanced Grade 1/2 Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (LuCAP): A Randomized, Phase 2 Trial.

Lu-DOTATATE has emerged as a viable treatment strategy for advanced well-differentiated grade 1/2 gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs). Few retrospective studies have shown concomitant Lu-DOTATATE with radiosensitizing low-dose capecitabine to be effective in advanced NETs. However, this has not been validated in prospective randomized-controlled trials.

Pharmacokinetic Boosting of Calcineurin Inhibitors in Transplantation: Pros, Cons, and Perspectives.

The concept of pharmacokinetic (PK) boosting of calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) emerged after the FDA approval of cyclosporine-A. Several studies followed, and the proof of concept was well established by the late 1990s. This also continued for the next blockbuster immunosuppressant, tacrolimus.

Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Pancreatic Tissue Sampling: Lesion Assessment, Needles, and Techniques.

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided tissue sampling includes the techniques of fine needle aspiration (FNA) and fine needle biopsy (FNB), and both procedures have revolutionized specimen collection from the gastrointestinal tract, especially from remote/inaccessible organs. EUS-FNB has replaced FNA as the procedure of choice for tissue acquisition in solid pancreatic lesions (SPLs) across various society guidelines. FNB specimens provide a larger histological tissue core (preserving tissue architecture) with fewer needle passes, and this is extremely relevant in today's era of precision and personalized molecular medicine.

The Role of Therapeutic Endoscopic Ultrasound in Management of Malignant Double Obstruction (Biliary and Gastric Outlet): A Comprehensive Review with Clinical Scenarios.

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided interventions have revolutionized the management of malignant biliary obstruction (MBO) and gastric outlet obstruction (GOO), providing minimally invasive alternatives with improved outcomes. These procedures have significantly reduced the need for high-risk surgical interventions or percutaneous alternatives and have provided effective palliative care for patients with advanced gastrointestinal and bilio-pancreatic malignancies. EUS-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD) techniques, including hepaticogastrostomy (EUS-HGS), choledochoduodenostomy (EUS-CDS), and antegrade stenting (EUS-AS), offer high technical and clinical success rates, with a good safety profile particularly when Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is not feasible.

Periodontitis, Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes: Identifying Patients at Risk for Three Common Diseases Using the aMMP-8 Rapid Test at the Dentist's Office.

This narrative review paper highlights the multifaceted influence of dysbiotic biofilm, genetic background, host response, and environmental factors on periodontitis. It explores the roles of type I and II diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes, and metabolic syndrome in the progression of periodontitis, drawing insights from various empirical studies and theoretical perspectives. : Relevant articles were sourced using keywords in databases like PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar.

Intricacies during pregnancy with gestational diabetes mellitus.

The study by Cao aimed to identify early second-trimester biomarkers that could predict gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) development using advanced proteomic techniques, such as Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Their analysis revealed 47 differentially expressed proteins in the GDM group, with retinol-binding protein 4 and angiopoietin-like 8 showing significantly elevated serum levels compared to controls. Although these findings are promising, the study is limited by its small sample size ( = 4 per group) and lacks essential details on the reproducibility and reliability of the protein quantification methods used.

The Future of Giant Cell Arteritis Diagnosis and Management: A Systematic Review of Artificial Intelligence and Predictive Analytics.

Giant cell arteritis (GCA), a systemic vasculitis affecting large and medium-sized arteries, poses significant diagnostic and management challenges, particularly in preventing irreversible complications like vision loss. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, including machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), offer promising solutions to enhance diagnostic accuracy and optimize treatment strategies for GCA. This systematic review, conducted according to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, synthesizes existing literature on AI applications in GCA care, with a focus on diagnostic accuracy, treatment outcomes, and predictive modeling.

Comparison of Measured Glomerular Filtration Rate Versus Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate in Indian Cirrhotic Patients: Report of a Pilot Study.

Background: Renal impairment significantly affects morbidity and mortality rates of cirrhosis patients. Studies on glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) estimation did not include cirrhosis patients. These equations are erroneous and unreliable in cirrhosis due to sarcopenia.

Designing, Implementing and Optimising a Capacity‑Building Model for Infectious Disease Modelling in India.

Mathematical models are not integrated into the policy‑making process in low‑ and middle‑income countries, including India, primarily due to limited capacity in building mathematical models, lack of trust in the model findings and the reluctance of policy‑makers to apply the model findings to formulate policies. There is a perceived need to create a critical mass of trained infectious disease experts and modelers within the public health and clinical domain. Thus, with the support of the Department of Health Research (DHR), we developed a 3‑month post‑graduate (PG) certificate course on infectious disease modelling, the first of such a course in India.

Successful pregnancy outcome in a recipient of simultaneous pancreatic kidney transplantation.

There is limited information available regarding post-simultaneous pancreatic kidney transplantation (SPKT) pregnancies. The present case describes a woman in her early 30s with first pregnancy who conceived spontaneously 4 years after SPKT. Her pancreatic and kidney graft function remained stable throughout the pregnancy.

Localization in primary hyperparathyroidism.

Primary hyperparathyroidism is the main cause of hypercalcemia, resulting predominantly from parathyroid adenomas followed by hyperplasia. Diagnosis relies on clinical and biochemical parameters. Accurate pre-operative localization is mandatory for better surgical outcome.

Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma with intrapancreatic nodal metastases masquerading as pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour with hepatic metastases.

Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FL-HCC) is a primary liver tumour presenting at a young age. Aggressive surgery of FL-HCC is the mainstay of management unlike other malignancies where metastatic stage precludes curative surgery. There are limited reports of response of FL-HCC to systemic therapies predominantly owing to its rarity.

Anterior uveitis, pigmentary retinopathy, and pars plana exudates in Celiac disease.

Purpose: To report a case of bilateral anterior uveitis, pigmentary retinopathy, and pars plana exudates in a patient with Celiac disease with complete resolution of inflammation following gluten-free diet.

Methods: Retrospective case report.

Results: A 19-year-old Asian Indian girl presented with bilateral non-granulomatous anterior uveitis for the past 2 months.

Introduction of an Online Mentoring Program for Final Professional MBBS Students.

Background: Mentoring helps in the personal and professional development of mentees and helps them develop self-confidence in their work. Final-year undergraduate medical students face many challenges but they also have to gain the confidence to start working independently and plan their careers in the near future. In the coronavirus disease scenario, many of these challenges were amplified, and final-year students were in greater need of mentoring.