The Effect of Nutritional Intervention in Nutritional Risk Screening on Hospitalised Lung Cancer Patients.

Background: Lung cancer (LC) patients are prone to suffer from malnutrition. Malnutrition negatively affects patients' response to therapy, increases the incidence of treatment-related side effects, and decreases survival. Early identification of LC patients who are malnourished or at risk of malnutrition can promote recovery and improve prognosis.

Fatty Acids of European Sardine () White Muscle Can Discriminate Geographic Origin Along the Iberian Atlantic Coast.

The European sardine () ranks among the most valuable species of Iberian fisheries, and the accurate tracing of its geographic origin, once landed, is paramount to securing sustainable management of fishing stocks and discouraging fraudulent practices of illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing. The present study investigated the potential use of white muscle fatty acids (FAs) to successfully discriminate the geographic origin of samples obtained in seven commercially important fishing harbors along the Iberian Atlantic Coast. While 35 FAs were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the white muscle of , the following, as determined by the Boruta algorithm, were key for sample discrimination: 14:0, 22:6-3, 22:5-3, 18:0, 20:5-3, 16:1-7, 16:0, and 18:1-7 (in increasing order of relevance).

New Perspectives on Canned Fish Quality and Safety on the Road to Sustainability.

Canning extends the shelf life of seafood products while preserving their quality. It is increasingly considered a more sustainable food processing method due to the primary fishing methods used for key species and the lower energy costs compared to the production of fresh and frozen fish. However, canning can change key components, allow some contaminants to persist, and generate undesirable compounds.

Assessing the Potential of Brewer's Spent Grain to Enhance Cookie Physicochemical and Nutritional Profiles.

Brewers' spent grain (BSG), the major by-product of the brewery industry, has high nutritional value, making it suitable for upcycling into products such as healthy, and sustainable cookies. Nonetheless, the incorporation of BSG in cookies can impact their quality, given the increased fiber and protein content. This work explored the effect of replacing wheat flour with BSG at 50% and 75% in cookie formulations, focusing on physical, chemical, and sensory properties.

Exploring the Functional Features of Melon Peel Flour for Healthier Bakery Products.

The use of fruit by-products to develop new food products could be an advantageous approach to meet the demand for healthy foods and reduce food waste. In this study, the amino acid and mineral profiles of melon peel flour were evaluated. Non-essential/toxic elements were also determined.

Diffuse Noxious Inhibitory Controls in Chronic Pain States: Insights from Pre-Clinical Studies.

Diffuse noxious inhibitory control (DNIC), also known as conditioned pain modulation (CPM) in humans, is a paradigm wherein the heterotopic application of a noxious stimulus results in the attenuation of another spatially distant noxious input. The pre-clinical and clinical studies show the involvement of several neurochemical systems in DNIC/CPM and point to a major contribution of the noradrenergic, serotonergic, and opioidergic systems. Here, we thoroughly review the latest data on the monoaminergic and opioidergic studies, focusing particularly on pre-clinical models of chronic pain.

Clove Essential Oil as a Source of Antitumoral Compounds Capable of Crossing the Blood-Brain Barrier: A Focus on the Effects of β-Caryophyllene and Eugenol in a Glioblastoma Cell Line.

This study aimed to investigate β-Caryophyllene (BCA) pharmacokinetics as well as the potential antitumor activity and mechanism of action of BCA and eugenol (EU), alone or in combination, in U87 glioblastoma (GB) cells. The BCA pharmacokinetic was studied by evaluating its concentration profiles in rat blood and cerebrospinal fluid after oral and intravenous administration. EU and BCA antitumor mechanisms were assessed by comparing their effects in U87 GB cells and non-tumoral HMC3 cells.

Stem Cell-Based Therapies for Glaucoma Treatment: A Review Bridging the Gap in Veterinary Patients.

Retinal diseases are characterized by progressive damage to retinal cells, leading to irreversible vision loss. Among these, glaucoma stands out as a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease involving elevated intraocular pressure, retinal ganglion cell apoptosis, and optic nerve damage, ultimately resulting in blindness in both humans and dogs. Stem cell-based therapies have emerged as a promising therapeutic option for such conditions due to their regenerative and neuroprotective potential.

Disrupting SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Activity: A Virtual Screening and Binding Assay Study.

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a respiratory virus that emerged in late 2019 and rapidly spread worldwide, causing the COVID-19 pandemic. The spike glycoprotein (S protein) plays a crucial role in viral target recognition and entry by interacting with angiotensin, converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the functional receptor for the virus, via its receptor binding domain (RBD). The RBD availability for this interaction can be influenced by external factors, such as fatty acids.

Dynamic Reconstruction of the Nickel Ions' Behavior in Different Orthodontic Archwires Following Clinical Application in an Intraoral Environment.

: Orthodontic archwires undergo chemical and structural changes in the complex intraoral environment. The present work aims to investigate the safe duration for intraoral use (related to the nickel release hypothesis) of different types of nickel-containing wires. By analyzing how the nickel content (NC) varies over time, we aim to provide practical recommendations for the optimal use of said archwires.

Stroke in Athletes with Atrial Fibrillation: A Narrative Review.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia, linked with a significantly heightened risk of stroke. While moderate exercise reduces AF risk, high-level endurance athletes paradoxically exhibit a higher incidence. However, their stroke risk remains uncertain due to their younger age, higher cardiovascular fitness, and lower rate of comorbidities.

Artificial Intelligence-Driven Modeling for Hydrogel Three-Dimensional Printing: Computational and Experimental Cases of Study.

Determining the values of various properties for new bio-inks for 3D printing is a very important task in the design of new materials. For this purpose, a large number of experimental works have been consulted, and a database with more than 1200 bioprinting tests has been created. These tests cover different combinations of conditions in terms of print pressure, temperature, and needle values, for example.

Biorefinery of Lignocellulosic and Marine Resources for Obtaining Active PVA/Chitosan/Phenol Films for Application in Intelligent Food Packaging.

This study focuses on the extraction of phenolic compounds from the fermentation of and . The main goal was to synthesize phenol/chitosan microspheres and PVA films and characterized using FTIR, TGA, DSC, SEM, and mechanical tests to evaluate their physical, chemical, and mechanical properties for antimicrobial packaging applications. Homogeneous chitosan microspheres loaded with lignin-derived phenols were obtained, showing controlled release of antimicrobial compounds.

Recent Advances on Starch-Based Adsorbents for Heavy Metal and Emerging Pollutant Remediation.

Starch is one of the most abundant polysaccharides in nature and has a high potential for application in several fields, including effluent treatment as an adsorbent. Starch has a unique structure, with zones of different crystallinity and a glycosidic structure containing hydroxyl groups. This configuration allows a wide range of interactions with pollutants of different degrees of hydrophilicity, which includes from hydrogen bonding to hydrophobic interactions.

Adaptation to Climate Change in Viticulture: The Role of Varietal Selection-A Review.

Viticulture faces unprecedented challenges due to the rapidly changing climate, particularly in regions like the Mediterranean Basin. Consequently, climate change adaptation strategies are crucial in viticulture, with short-term strategies being widely used despite increasing concerns about their sustainability, and long-term strategies considered promising, though costly. A promising but understudied strategy is varietal selection, as grapevines exhibit vast intervarietal diversity with untapped potential for climate-resilient varieties.

Phytochemicals and Biological Properties of Azorean Black Tea Samples from Different Zones of Tea Plantation.

tea has received considerable attention due to its beneficial effects on health, particularly due to its antioxidant properties that are affected by several factors, which have a high influence on the final quality of black tea. The objective of this study was to investigate the biological properties of Azorean black tea from five different zones of tea plantation in order to select specific areas to cultivate tea rich in targeted compounds beneficial to human health. The free radical scavenging activity (FRSA), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), ferrous ion chelating (FIC) activities, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and tannins were determined by colorimetric methods, and catechin and theaflavin contents were analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography.

Soil-Plant Characterization in Agrosilvopastoral System Established in a Fe-Mn Abandoned Mine After Long-Term Closure.

Small abandoned mining areas of Fe and Mn oxides located in the Portuguese sector of the Iberian Pyrite Belt (SW of Europe) have been converted into agrosilvopastoral systems with very few environmental management measures after their closure. Although at the landscape scale, no visible differences were observed between the former mining intervention areas and adjacent areas, it is essential to assess the state and environmental risk of the soil-plant system, especially in the herbaceous pastures grazed by domestic animals. This was carried out in the Ferragudo mining area, where an agrosilvopastoral system, composed of holm oak and dryland pasture, had been established after the closure of the mine at ≈45 years.

Phytotoxic Activity Analysis of 2-Methoxyphenol and 2,6-Di--butyl-4-methylphenol Present in L. Essential Oil.

The evaluation of the wide variety of allelochemicals present in allelopathic plants allows the detection of safer bioherbicides with new mechanisms of action. This study tested two phenolic compounds of essential oil (2-Methoxyphenol and 2,6-Di--butyl-4-methylphenol), which are commercially available. At 0.

Phytochemical Characterization and Biological Activity of Two Species from Guinea-Bissau.

The dried leaves of A.Rich. and Planch.

Polyamide Microparticles with Immobilized Enological Pectinase as Efficient Biocatalysts for Wine Clarification: The Role of the Polymer Support.

Free pectinase is commonly employed as a biocatalyst in wine clarification; however, its removal, recovery, and reuse are not feasible. To address these limitations, this study focuses on the immobilization of a commercial pectinolytic preparation (Pec) onto highly porous polymer microparticles (MPs). Seven microparticulate polyamide (PA) supports, namely PA4, PA6, PA12 (with and without magnetic properties), and the copolymeric PA612 MP, were synthesized through activated anionic ring-opening polymerization of various lactams.

Recovery of Nd and Dy from E-Waste Using Adsorbents from Spent Tyre Rubbers: Batch and Column Dynamic Assays.

This paper investigates the use of spent tyre rubber as a precursor for synthesising adsorbents to recover rare earth elements. Through pyrolysis and CO activation, tyre rubber is converted into porous carbonaceous materials with surface properties suited for rare earth element adsorption. The study also examines the efficiency of leaching rare earth elements from NdFeB magnets using optimised acid leaching methods, providing insights into recovery processes.

Impact of Polysorbate 80 on the Antimicrobial Activity of Oregano and Thyme.

Plant-derived essential oils (EOs) possess significant antimicrobial potential against spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms. However, their efficacy can vary depending on the test method, making it difficult to standardise results. This study aimed to investigate the effect of polysorbate 80, a common surfactant used to emulsify EOs, on antimicrobial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determinations.

Bar Adsorptive Microextraction Approach for Trace Determination of Local Anesthetics in Urine Matrices.

The present work reports the development, optimization, and validation, of a methodology to determine lidocaine, procaine, tetracaine, and benzocaine in urine matrices. Two extractive preconcentration techniques, solid-phase microextraction (SPME) LC Tips and bar adsorptive microextraction (BAμE), were studied and applied to the four target anesthetics, followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Several parameters that could affect microextraction and back-extraction were optimized using two different designs of experiments (Box-Behnken and full-factorial) to maximize extraction efficiency from aqueous media.

Latest Advances in Green Extraction of Polyphenols from Plants, Foods and Food By-Products.

Phenolic compounds present in plants and foods are receiving increasing attention for their bioactive and sensory properties, accompanied by consumers' interest in products with health benefits derived from natural rather than artificial sources. This, together with the sustainable development goals for the 21st century, has driven the development of green extraction techniques that allow obtaining these compounds with the safety and quality required to be applied in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Green extraction of natural products involves practices aiming at reducing the environmental impact of the preparation processes, based on using natural or less-polluting solvents, lower energetic requirements and shorter extraction times, while providing greater efficiency in the recovery of target compounds.

New Insights on Strain 1B Surface-Active Biomolecules: Gordofactin Properties.

Biosurfactants/bioemulsifiers (BSs/BEs) can be defined as surface-active biomolecules produced by microorganisms with a broad range of applications. In recent years, due to their unique properties like biodegradability, specificity, low toxicity, and relative ease of preparation, these biomolecules have attracted wide interest as an eco-friendly alternative for several industrial sectors, escalating global microbial BS/BE market growth. Recently, strain 1B, a bacterium with significant biotechnological potential, well known for its biodesulfurizing properties, carotenoid production, and broad catabolic range, was described as a BS/BE producer.