Sexual orientation differences in mental health service use and unmet mental health care needs: a cross-sectional population-based study of young adults.

Purpose: This study aims to examine sexual orientation differences in mental health services use and unmet mental health care needs, and to explore associated sociodemographic factors in a populational-based sample of Swedish young adults (aged 18-34).

Methods: Data from the Pathways to Longitudinally Understanding Stress (PLUS) study were used (2019, N = 2,126, participation rate of 37.8%).

Influence of outdoor time on the spherical equivalent and axial length in childhood myopia: A meta-analysis.

This meta-analysis investigates the effectiveness of outdoor activities in reducing the onset of myopia in children and adolescents by analysing changes in axial elongation and spherical equivalent refractive error. Following PRISMA guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024592971), the study included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies. The eligibility criteria targeted children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years with varying levels of outdoor exposure.

Unlocking the Gates: A Novel Diagnostic Molecule for Quantifying Efflux Levels in Gram-Positive Bacteria.

Efflux-mediated antibiotic resistance poses a significant global threat, affecting diverse bacterial species. Clinicians recognize the danger of efflux mechanisms during antibiotic treatment, yet precise diagnostic tools remain unavailable. The antibiogram currently infers abnormal efflux pump activity in clinical isolates, which is subsequently confirmed through transcriptomic or genomic analysis.

"We're all about being together as a family": Community sports program fosters newcomer immigrant girls' academic achievement, resilience, and coping.

Drawing from a liberation psychology framework, this paper describes a community soccer program designed to address inequalities in education, health, and social inclusion among newcomer immigrant girls. The mixed-methods study drew upon youth voices to explore how the program fostered resilience, effective coping, and academic achievement. The study included a quantitative sample (n = 20) and a qualitative sub-sample (n = 13), as well as school-wide comparison data (n = 431).

Definitions, Diagnosis and Management of Postoperative Recurrence in Crohn's Disease Patients with Permanent Ileostomy - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background And Aims: Over 10% of patients with Crohn's disease require permanent ileostomy. We aimed to summarize the existing data on diagnosis, definitions of recurrence, and management of Crohn's disease patients with permanent ileostomy.

Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL databases were searched from inception to February 6, 2024.

Effect of Capsular Tension Ring on Refractive and Morphological Outcomes in Pseudoexfoliative Eyes.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect on anterior chamber depth (ACD) and postoperative refractive prediction error (PE) of capsular tension ring (CTR) implantation during phacoemulsification in pseudoexfoliative (PEX) eyes.

Methods: Prospective case-control study of eyes submitted to uneventful cataract surgery, divided into three study groups: Group 1 - controls; Group 2 - PEX eyes without CTR implantation; Group 3 - PEX eyes with CTR implantation. Biometric data including ACD were measured preoperatively and 1-month postoperatively, using swept-source anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ANTERION, Heidelberg Engineering), and endothelial cell density (ECD) with specular microscopy.

Optimizing the commercial manufacturing of tisagenlecleucel for patients in Japan: A 4-year experiential journey.

Background: Tisagenlecleucel, an autologous CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, was approved in Japan, in March 2019 for patients with relapsed/refractory (r/r) B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukamia and r/r diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and in August 2022 for patients with r/r follicular lymphoma. Post-approval, a key goal has been to upscale and continuously improve manufacturing and shipment success rates (MSR and SSR, respectively) in the commercial setting to meet the needs of patients worldwide, including in Japan. Herein, we report accrued experience from a 4-year journey of commercial tisagenlecleucel manufacturing process optimization for patients in Japan.

Thromboprophylaxis and adult congenital heart disease: The latest on indications, risk scoring and therapy.

Advances in medical care have significantly extended the lifespan of patients with congenital heart disease (CHD), allowing most to survive into adulthood. However, they continue to face significant cardiovascular morbidity, particularly atrial arrhythmias (AA), heart failure, and thromboembolic (TE) events. TE events in adult CHD patients arise from various factors, including AA, intracardiac repairs, cyanotic CHD, Fontan palliation, pregnancy, and mechanical heart valves (MHV).

Impact of technical, patient-related and measurement variables on serial Hounsfield unit-based quantitative coronary plaque analysis in computed tomography: time for a new chapter.

This review article explores the challenges and controversies involved in accurately identifying and reliably quantifying coronary plaque over time through coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), particularly focusing on lipid-rich, low-attenuation plaques. It highlights significant variability in lipid-rich plaque measurements across studies, questioning their reliability for tracking biological plaque transformation in clinical practice. To address this issue, the review article proposes suggestions for serial CCTA plaque measurements, aiming for realistic goals for reproducible and meaningful serial plaque CCTA imaging.

Role of Octaspline Multielectrode Catheter and Unipolar Reference Location for Premature Ventricular Contraction Ablation.

Background: An accurate local activation time (LAT) map is essential during premature ventricular contraction (PVC) ablation. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the use of a novel octaspline multielectrode catheter, with and without the use of a catheter-embedded unipolar reference, improves LAT mapping during PVC ablation compared to a pre-existing pentaspline mapping catheter.

Methods: This study prospectively assessed 10 consecutive patients referred for PVC ablation from January to June 2023.

Recommendations for management of infants and young children with achondroplasia: Does clinical practice align?

Background: Achondroplasia is one of the most prevalent forms of skeletal dysplasia. Lifelong follow-up by an experienced multidisciplinary team is required, particularly during the first 2 years. In 2021, international consensus recommendations and guiding principles were published by two groups.

Characterisation and evaluation of predisposing factors for the development of xanthinuria in dogs with leishmaniosis under allopurinol therapy.

Background: Allopurinol, one of the drugs routinely used to treat canine leishmaniosis (CanL), is an inhibitor of the enzyme xanthine oxidase, which plays a fundamental role in purine metabolism. Its inhibitory action on this enzyme leads to a state of hyperxanthinuria, favouring the development of xanthine crystals and/or uroliths. However, not all dogs with CanL treated with allopurinol develop xanthinuria and/or xanthine uroliths, and there is not much information on the possible risk factors that contribute to this event.

New minimally invasive technique for repositioning of a subluxated retropupillary iris-claw IOL using needle-assisted fixation.

Purpose: This paper presents a modification of the needle-assisted retropupillary fixation technique for iris-claw intraocular lenses (IOLs). We introduce a novel, minimally invasive reenclavation technique for managing subluxated retropupillary iris-claw IOLs.

Methods: The technique was successfully performed on four patients diagnosed with subluxated retropupillary iris-claw IOLs.

Pregnancy-related issues in rare and low-prevalence diseases: results of ERN transversal working group on pregnancy and family planning survey.

Background: Rare and complex diseases can have a significant impact on family life, and managing the reproductive aspects of patients of childbearing age with rare diseases is often difficult and complex. A European Reference Network (ERN) Transversal Working Group (WG) on Pregnancy and Family Planning was created to join forces to promote and address issues on these topics in rare and low-prevalence diseases.

Objective: To outline the challenges and the good practices related to pregnancy and family planning in rare and complex diseases for healthcare professionals (HCPs).

Mobile applications, physical activity, and health promotion.

Background: This paper studies the role of mobile applications in promoting physical activity and user loyalty to them. In doing so, our study offers fresh insights into the role of mobile applications in promoting physical activity and healthier lifestyles, filling gaps in the existing body of research.

Methods: A non-probability purposive sample of adults who engage in physical exercise and use monitoring apps was selected, and semi-structured interviews were used to collect information.

A Pilot Study on Using an Artificial Intelligence Algorithm to Identify Urolith Composition through Abdominal Radiographs in the Dog.

In small animal practice, patients often present with urinary lithiasis, and prediction of urolith composition is essential to determine the appropriate treatment. Through abdominal radiographs, the composition of mineral radiopaque uroliths can be determined by considering many different factors; this can be complex and, as such, tailor-made for the use of artificial intelligence (AI). The Minnesota Urolith Center partnered with Hill's Pet Nutrition to develop a deep learning AI algorithm (CALCurad) within a smartphone application called the MN Urolith Application that allows for the preliminary assessment of urolith composition.

The effect of social settings and olfactory environments on spontaneous movement synchrony.

Interpersonal synchrony refers to the temporal coordination between two individuals, signaling the coupling of their behaviors. Optimal movement synchrony in dyads is linked to more affiliative behavior, cooperation, and trust. However, there is limited research on how the sensory environment impacts interpersonal synchrony.

DNA lesions can frequently precede DNA:RNA hybrid accumulation.

While DNA:RNA hybrids contribute to multiple genomic transactions, their unscheduled formation is a recognized source of DNA lesions. Here, through a suite of systematic screens, we rather observed that a wide range of yeast mutant situations primarily triggering DNA damage actually leads to hybrid accumulation. Focusing on Okazaki fragment processing, we establish that genic hybrids can actually form as a consequence of replication-born discontinuities such as unprocessed flaps or unligated Okazaki fragments.

Characterizing and expanding the neurological clinical spectrum of PHARC syndrome: a systematic review.

PHARC syndrome is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease caused by mutations in the ABHD12 gene and is characterized by five main clinical features: polyneuropathy, hearing loss, ataxia, retinitis pigmentosa, and cataracts. This systematic review aimed to characterize the neurological features of PHARC syndrome and identify potential new clinical features. A systematic search of studies reporting cases of PHARC syndrome was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE and NLM databases, identifying 57 unique cases.

Exploring the development of face recognition across childhood via logistic mixed-effects modelling of the standardised Cambridge Face Memory Test.

Individual differences in face identity recognition abilities are present across the lifespan but require developmentally differentiated methods of assessment. Here, we examine the empirical validity of a widely used face identity recognition measure, the Cambridge Face Memory Test for Children (CFMT-C). Logistic mixed-effects modelling of a large data set (607 children, 5-12 years) replicates and extends the findings of the only previous normative study of the CFMT-C (Croydon et al.

In vitro activity and resistance mechanisms of novel antimicrobial agents against metallo-β-lactamase producers.

The carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms represent an urgent clinical and public health concern, as they have been associated with increased mortality and high dissemination in healthcare settings. Although overall incidence rates of infections sustained by metallo-β-lactamase (MβL)-producers have remained lower than those sustained by other carbapenemase-producers, albeit with substantial geographic differences, a significant increase in the prevalence of MβL-producers has been observed over the last decade. The recent development of new antimicrobials expanded the armamentarium to counter the challenge of metallo-β-lactamase (MβL)-producers.

Methylphenidate and P300 in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Methylphenidate (MPH) is a stimulant medicine often used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as it may positively affect behaviour and brain activity. This work aims to systematise the current literature about the effects of MPH on the amplitude of P300 in individuals with ADHD.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of empirical studies measuring P300 amplitude and comparing MPH administration to either a pre-MPH condition or healthy controls was conducted, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.

Seagrass biochemical response to transplantation into contaminated sediments: A mesocosm experiment.

Efforts to remediate and restore degraded ecosystems through Nature-based Solutions (NbS) have intensified during the United Nations Decade for Ecosystem Restoration (2021-2030). To evaluate the potential of seagrass transplantation for recovering historically contaminated areas, a mesocosm experiment was performed with the following objectives: 1) assess the suitability of the transplant method; 2) evaluate the tolerance of Zostera noltei to different concentrations of metal(loid)s in sediments; 3) clarify the tolerance mechanisms and measure oxidative stress levels and energy budget across different tissues and sampling times; and 4) investigate its potential as a Nature-based Solution. Results demonstrated that seagrass could tolerate various concentrations of metal(loid)s in sediments and activate mechanisms to reduce oxidative stress, without interfering with its growth and seasonal life cycle.