Radioresistance in rectal cancer: can nanoparticles turn the tide?

Rectal cancer accounts for over 35% of the worldwide colorectal cancer burden representing a distinctive subset of cancers from those arising in the colon. Colorectal cancers exhibit a continuum of traits that differ with their location in the large intestine. Due to anatomical and molecular differences, rectal cancer is treated differently from colon cancer, with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy playing a pivotal role in the control of the locally advanced disease.

Effects of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use on migraine - a critical review.

Background: Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) drugs are widely used and are among the most significant achievements of modern pharmacology. Their primary purpose is treating and preventing gastric acid-related disorders. Migraine and PPI intake are prevalent, and many people are affected by both.

How and why small volcanic ocean islands collapse and move vertically up and down.

Mass controls two major processes in volcanic islands: large-scale collapse and vertical movements. Therefore, large islands like Hawaii are gradually subsiding and have undergone massive landsliding. What if the mass is much smaller, and there is good evidence that the vertical movement is more complex than simple loading-related subsidence? Here, we show that small volcanic islands, seemingly stable because of the small mass, can undergo sector collapses that can affect the vertical movement of the island.

Neuroimage Signature in Post-Stroke Pain: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: Central Post-Stroke Pain (CPSP) is a debilitating condition with a significant prevalence in stroke survivors. Set apart by its refractory to treatment neuropathic pain, it appears to arise from lesions in the spino-thalamo-cortical pathways, particularly in the thalamus. Despite advances in neuroimaging techniques, the pathophysiology of CPSP remains poorly understood, with limited diagnostic criteria and therapeutic approaches.

Potential benefits of social media in educating healthcare professionals and students on medical imaging with ionizing radiation: A scoping review.

Introduction: Advancements in medical imaging with ionizing radiation have significantly transformed the field and enhanced the education and training of medical professionals. A notable development in this educational landscape is the use of social media, which engages millions of users worldwide. This scoping review aims to explore the potential of social media as an educational tool for healthcare professionals and students in medical imaging with ionizing radiation, highlighting its benefits and disadvantages.

Comparative efficacy and safety of stent retrievers as a bailout strategy following failed contact aspiration technique in acute stroke thrombectomy.

Background: The contact aspiration (CA) technique is often used to perform endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS); however, rescue strategies are necessary if CA fails to achieve recanalization. This study investigates the outcomes of incorporating stent retriever (SR) thrombectomy in the rescue strategy following failed CA.

Methods: EVT patients with failed CA attempts were identified from a large multicenter registry and stratified by rescue technique: CA alone or incorporating SR in the rescue strategy.

The hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis is disrupted by exposure to a mix of tributyltin and bisphenol S.

Tributyltin is a biocide and bisphenol S is a plasticizer. The effects of the TBT+BPS mix on thyroid axis function are unknown. This study evaluated the effects of subacute exposure to TBT and BPS, both in mix and alone, in female young Wistar rats.

Historical biogeography of the Mugil cephalus species complex and its rapid global colonization.

Our understanding of speciation processes in marine environments remains very limited and the role of different reproductive barriers are still debated. While physical barriers were considered important drivers causing reproductive isolation, recent studies highlight the importance of climatic and hydrological changes creating unsuitable habitat conditions as factors promoting population isolation. Although speciation in marine fish has been investigated from different perspectives, these studies often have a limited geographical extant.

Minimum initiatory concentration distribution of Mecillinam in clinical Staphylococcus saprophyticus isolates from Europe.

Background: Staphylococcus saprophyticus is the second most common bacteria causing uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTI). It is considered non-susceptible to mecillinam, with no defined breakpoint and only few available minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) observations. However, this consideration does not correlate with clinical outcome.

International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2024: Insulin and Adjunctive Treatments in Children and Adolescents with Diabetes.

The International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD) guidelines represent a rich repository that serves as the only comprehensive set of clinical recommendations for children, adolescents, and young adults living with diabetes worldwide. This chapter builds on the 2022 ISPAD guidelines, and updates recommendations on the principles of intensive insulin regimens, including more intensive forms of multiple daily injections with new-generation faster-acting and ultra-long-acting insulins; a summary of adjunctive medications used alongside insulin treatment that includes details on pramlintide, metformin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) and sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors; and key considerations with regard to access to insulin and affordability to ensure that all persons with diabetes who need insulin can obtain it without financial hardship.

An aptamer-based electrochemical sensor for the quantification of the malaria biomarker lactate dehydrogenase.

Malaria is one of the most deadly infectious diseases, causing the death of hundreds of thousands of patients each year. Global efforts to combat malaria necessitate the implementation of novel rapid diagnostic tests deployable at the point of care. Here, we present the development of an electrochemical aptamer-based (EAB) sensor for the quantification of the malaria biomarker Plasmodium falciparum lactate dehydrogenase (PfLDH).

Application of UPWr_E124 phage cocktail for effective reduction of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in mice and broiler chickens.

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is the main causative agent of colibacillosis, causing poultry respiratory infections, mortality and economic loss. APEC poses a serious threat to public health and food safety due to its multi-drug resistance and capacity to form biofilms. Bacteriophages (phages) have emerged as an alternative to antibiotics.

Long-Term Treatment With Ocrelizumab in Patients With Early-Stage Relapsing MS: Nine-Year Data From the OPERA Studies Open-Label Extension.

Background And Objectives: Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) may demonstrate better disease control when treatment is initiated on high-efficacy disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) from onset. This subgroup analysis assessed the long-term efficacy and safety profile of the high-efficacy DMT ocrelizumab (OCR) as first-line therapy for early-stage relapsing MS (RMS).

Methods: Post hoc exploratory analyses of efficacy and safety were performed in a subgroup of treatment-naive patients with RMS who received ≥1 dose of OCR in the multicenter OPERA I/II (NCT01247324/NCT01412333) studies.

Assessment of the underreporting of rhinitis in patients with asthma: A MASK-air® real-world study.

Rhinitis is a common comorbidity in patients with asthma. However, the frequency of underreported rhinitis in asthma is not known. In this study, we aimed to assess the characteristics of patients with self-reported asthma and no self-reported rhinitis, as well as the extent of the underreporting of rhinitis.

European central hypoventilation syndrome consortium description of congenital central hypoventilation syndrome neonatal onset.

Unlabelled: It is known that in most cases of congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS), apnoeas and hypoventilation occur at birth. Nevertheless, a detailed description of initial symptoms, including pregnancy events and diagnostic tests performed, is warranted in infants with neonatal onset of CCHS, that is, in the first month of life. The European Central Hypoventilation Syndrome Consortium created an online patient registry from which 97 infants (44 females) with CCHS of neonatal onset and PHOX2B mutation from 10 countries were selected.

Choosing the right signaling pathway: hormone responses to Phytophthora cinnamomi during compatible and incompatible interactions with chestnut (Castanea spp.).

Ink disease caused by the hemibiotrophic root pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi (Pc) is devastating for the European chestnut (Castanea sativa), unlike Asian chestnuts and interspecific hybrids which are resistant to Pc. The role that hormone responses play for Pc resistance remains little understood, especially regarding the temporal regulation of hormone responses. We explored the relationship between changes in tree health and physiology and alterations in leaf and root phytohormones and primary and secondary metabolites during compatible and incompatible Castanea spp.

Exploring Marine Biomineralization on the Al-Mg Alloy as a Natural Process for In Situ LDH Growth to Improve Corrosion Resistance.

This study provides a detailed characterization of the AA5083 aluminum alloy, surface, and interface over 6 months of immersion in seawater, employing techniques such as SEM/EDX, GIXRD, μ-Raman and XPS. The purpose was to evaluate the evolution of the biomineralization process that occurs on the Al-Mg alloy. By investigating the specific conditions that favor the in situ growth of layered double hydroxide (LDH) during seawater immersion as a result of biomineralization, this research provides insights into marine biomineralization, highlighting its potential as an innovative and sustainable strategy for corrosion protection.

The interplay between individual capacities and pair performance according to the experience in Acrobatic Gymnastics.

The interplay between individual capacities and group performance provides insights for different tasks and contexts. So far, little is known about the individual capacities of base and top gymnasts and mechanical efficiency during pair tasks of Acrobatic Gymnastics. This work aims to investigate: (1) the effect of the pair experience in the mechanical efficiency during a pair task; (2) the effect of the individual training experience in the gymnasts' individual capacities, and (3) the contribution of individual capacities and pair mechanical efficiency to the performance of a partner-assisted flight task.