Living in Historically Redlined Neighborhoods and the Cognitive Function of Black and White Adults.

Objectives: We determined if living in historically redlined neighborhoods was associated with level and change in cognitive functioning and if this association differed for Black and White older adults.

Methods: We linked the Health and Retirement Study 1998-2018 data to redlining scores from the Historic Redlining Indicator data. Our sample included adults aged 50 years and older (24,230 respondents, 129,618 person-period observations).

Everything feels just a little heavier, more wrought with implications, you know? - a mixed-methods study examining lifestyle behaviors, health, and well-being of pregnant and postpartum women during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: While the striking impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health, heath care access and lifestyle behaviors, including perceived health, diet, physical activity, and sleep has been reported, few studies have examined these domains jointly among pregnant and postpartum people in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: This mixed methods study was conducted among a subset of participants (n = 22) in a cohort study in Austin, Texas, who were pregnant or had recently delivered when the outbreak occurred. Measures were from the early second trimester up to 6 months postpartum.

Abortion care preferences and trade-offs when traveling out-of-state for facility-based services: findings from a discrete choice experiment.

Background: Pregnant people living in states that banned abortion after the US Supreme Court's decision overturning Roe v Wade (Dobbs v Jackson Women's Health Organization -Dobbs decision) may evaluate multiple factors when deciding where to obtain facility-based abortion care in another state. We examine Texans' stated preferences for out-of-state facility-based abortion care and quantify the trade-offs they would make when choosing between out-of-state facilities following a 2022 abortion ban.

Methods: In August 2022, we surveyed Texans ≥ 16 years old seeking abortion at in-state facilities or who were searching online for information about accessing abortion care.

Gender, climate and landowning: Sources of variability in the weather pattern change and ideal fertility relationship in Sahelian West Africa.

This paper advances our understanding of the relationship between climate change and ideal fertility in Sahelian West Africa by exploring sources of variation in that relationship. Using an integrated dataset of Demographic and Health Surveys with monthly rainfall and temperature data, the analyses model dimensions of prospective ideal fertility for young, childless men and women in Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso and Nigeria. Temperature, particularly in the arid climate zone, is shown to have a positive effect on ideal fertility.

Advancing Gene Discovery for Substance Use Disorders Using Additional Traits Related to Behavioral Disinhibition.

Importance: Substance use disorders (SUDs) frequently co-occur with each other and with other traits related to behavioral disinhibition, a spectrum of outcomes referred to as externalizing. Nevertheless, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) typically study individual SUDs separately. This single-disorder approach ignores genetic covariance between SUDs and other traits and may contribute to the relatively limited genetic discoveries to date.

Angiogenesis inhibitors effects on overall survival and progression-free survival in newly diagnosed primary glioblastoma multiforme: a meta-analysis of twelve randomized clinical trials.

Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor in adults. Typically treated with initial surgical resection, and chemoradiotherapy, despite current treatments, patients typically survive only 12-14 months, necessitating new therapeutic approaches. Our meta-analysis evaluates combining antiangiogenic medications with chemoradiotherapy versus using chemoradiotherapy alone in treating newly diagnosed GBM.

Why Are So Many U.S. Mothers Becoming Their Family's Primary Economic Support?

Although the growing prevalence of primary-earning mothers is well established, this article uses 1996 and 2014 Survey of Income and Program Participation data to show U.S. mothers' rate of transition to primary-earner status increased by nearly 50% over the observed period.

The role of Southern context in shaping life course exposures linked to dementia incidence for Black and White older adults in the United States.

While racial inequities in dementia risk are well-documented in the United States, research has paid less attention to role of US Southern context in shaping dementia risk through life course exposures. In this study, we examine how Southern birth and Southern residence in adulthood are linked to dementia incidence for Black and White older adults in the United States. Using the Health and Retirement Study (N = 15,613), we estimate a series of hazard models to evaluate how life course risk factors such as childhood health and social disadvantage, education, adult socioeconomic status, health behaviors, and cardiometabolic conditions impact the association between Southern life course residency and dementia risk.

Examination of the relationship between dimensions of sexual perfectionism and female sexual function and sexual performance anxiety among Iranian married women of reproductive age: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Perfectionism is a multidimensional personality trait that manifests itself through various aspects of life as well as sexuality. Yet, the specific nexus between perfectionism and women's sexual experiences continues to remain unaddressed. Hence, this research aimed to investigate the relationship between the dimensions of sexual perfectionism, sexual function, and sexual performance anxiety (SPA) among Iranian married women of reproductive age in Gonabad, Iran.

Nurses' Perceptions of Pain Management Facilitators for Cancer Patients: A Qualitative Study.

Purpose: Pain is a common symptom in cancer patients. It negatively impacts their emotional well-being, cognitive function, and daily communication, thereby reducing their overall quality of life. To enhance the quality of life of patients and their families, healthcare providers need to understand the factors that facilitate effective pain management.

Active Inference and Social Actors: Towards a Neuro-Bio-Social Theory of Brains and Bodies in Their Worlds.

Although research including biological concepts and variables has gained more prominence in sociology, progress assimilating the organ of experience, the brain, has been theoretically and technically challenging. Formal uptake and assimilation have thus been slow. Within psychology and neuroscience, the traditional brain, which has made brief appearances in sociological research, is a "bottom-up" processor in which sensory signals are passed up the neural hierarchy where they are eventually cognitively and emotionally processed, after which actions and responses are generated.

Associations of DNA-methylation measures of biological aging with social disparities in child and adolescent mental health.

Children who experience environmental adversities are at increased risk of both internalizing and externalizing disorders. Epigenetic mechanisms may regulate the influence of environmental adversities on mental health. We examined the hypothesis that salivary DNA-methylation patterns of pace of biological aging (DunedinPoAm) and inflammation (DNAm-CRP) are socially stratified and associated with mental health in 1,183 children (609 female, age M=13.

Long-Acting Reversible Contraception (LARC) and Early Childbearing Revisited: Births and Birth Intendedness After LARC Removal in a State Medicaid Population (2012-2020).

To analyze births and birth intendedness after long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) removal among Medicaid-insured women. We linked all Delaware women with a Medicaid-covered LARC removal in 2012 to 2020 (n = 8047) to birth records and to Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) pregnancy intendedness survey responses (n = 241). Births within 3 years of a Medicaid-covered LARC removal were much more likely to be to women in their 20s compared with all Medicaid births (63.

Brain structures with stronger genetic associations are not less associated with family- and state-level economic contexts.

We investigate whether neural, cognitive, and psychopathology phenotypes that are more strongly related to genetic differences are less strongly associated with family- and state-level economic contexts (N = 5374 individuals with 1KG-EUR-like genotypes with 870 twins, from the Adolescent Behavior and Cognitive Development study). We estimated the twin- and SNP-based heritability of each phenotype, as well as its association with an educational attainment polygenic index (EA PGI). We further examined associations with family socioeconomic status (SES) and tested whether SES-related differences were moderated by state cost of living and social safety net programs (Medicaid expansion and cash assistance).

Adolescence in the life course spotlight.

The articles in this special issue were inspired by the late John Schulenberg's long view of adolescence, a perspective that emphasizes the integral role that the teens and twenties play in the life course. Using multiple longitudinal data sources to explore myriad developmental topics, the authors delve into the ways that adolescence connects, disrupts, and stands out from childhood and adulthood as a means of integrating rather than isolating these developmentally dense years. In this commentary, I highlight what this collection of studies does to drive home some basic tenets of the long view of adolescence and point out some other tenets that should garner more attention moving forward.

Persistence of pain and suffering in cancer patients: challenges of pain management from the perspective of nurses.

Purpose: Cancer patients often experience pain, which can greatly reduce their quality of life. It affects their emotions, cognitive function, and daily interactions. Healthcare providers need to understand the obstacles to pain management to create helpful programs for patients and families.

Are characteristics associated with strong Black womanhood linked to depression in older Black women?

Background: Older Black women experience structural and intersectional disadvantages at the intersection of age, race, and gender. Their disadvantaged social statuses can translate into serious psychological health consequences. One concept that may aid in understanding psychosocial determinants of older Black women's depression risk is the "Strong Black Woman," which suggests that Black women have supernatural strength amidst experiencing adversity and are expected to "be strong" for others by providing self-sacrificial aid without complaint.

Barriers to Preferred Contraception Use in Mississippi.

Many Americans are not using the contraceptive method they prefer, but there has been limited study of how this may be related to health system barriers. We evaluated how such barriers to contraceptive care are related to unmet contraceptive preference in Mississippi and which contraceptive methods are preferred by those who report an unmet preference. Between September 2020 and February 2021, we used social media advertisements to recruit Mississippi residents 18-45 years of age, who were assigned female at birth, for an online survey.