Effects of blood pressure lowering in patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis before endovascular thrombectomy.

Background: The effects of blood pressure (BP) lowering in patients treated with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV tPA) before endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) are unclear.

Aims: This study aims to investigate whether intensive and conventional BP management affect outcomes differently, depending on IV tPA administration before EVT.

Methods: In this subgroup analysis of the Outcome in Patients Treated with Intra-Arterial Thrombectomy-Optimal Blood Pressure Control (OPTIMAL-BP; ClinicalTrials.

Low-intensity aerobic cycle ergometer effects on lung function of myasthenia gravis patients: A randomized controlled trial.

Patients with generalized myasthenia gravis (MG) often show restrictive spirometry results. Although regular exercise and physical fitness are linked to better respiratory function, there is limited research assessing the effects of aerobic exercise on lung function in MG patients. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of low-intensity aerobic exercise using a cycle ergometer on lung function parameters in MG patients.

Cost-utility and cost-benefit analysis of a multi-component intervention (NEXpro) for neck-related symptoms in Swiss office workers.

Background: Neck pain is a significant public health issue, especially among office workers, with a prevalence ranging from 42 to 68%. This study aimed to evaluate the cost-utility and cost-benefit of a multi-component intervention targeting neck pain in the general population of office workers in Switzerland. The 12-week multi-component intervention consisted of neck exercises, health promotion information workshops, and workplace ergonomics sessions.

Interventions implemented through sporting organisations for promoting healthy behaviour or improving health outcomes.

Background: Chronic diseases are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Much of this burden can be prevented by adopting healthy behaviours and reducing chronic disease risk factors. Settings-based approaches to address chronic disease risk factors are recommended globally.

Applying the Social Cognitive Theory to Design a Health Education Program on Weight-Loss Behaviors Among Police Officers: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Being overweight/having obesity is a prevalent condition not only among the general population but also among individuals with special occupations such as police officers, where fitness is often a necessity. The present study's aim was to assess how much a psychoeducational intervention based on social cognitive theory (SCT) would be helpful for encouraging weight loss behaviors among police officers.

Methods: In a randomized control trial, 102 police officers who were overweight or had obesity voluntarily registered for a weight loss program and were assigned to either an intervention or control group.

Demographic Correlates of Autism: How Do Associations Compare Between Diagnosis and a Quantitative Trait Measure?

Prevalence of autism diagnosis has historically differed by demographic factors. Using data from 8224 participants drawn from the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, we examined relationships between demographic factors and parent-reported autism-related traits as captured by the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS; T score > 65) and compared these to relations with parent-reported clinician diagnosis of ASD, in generalized linear mixed effects regression analyses. Results suggested lower odds of autism diagnosis, but not of SRS T > 65, for non-Hispanic Black children (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.

Associations between tooth loss, denture use, and dementia in older Taiwanese adults.

Background: The literature has mainly focused on the association between tooth loss and dementia, and evidence regarding the separate and joint effects of tooth loss and denture use on the risk of dementia is limited. This study investigated the links among tooth loss, denture use, and dementia risk in Taiwanese adults aged 65 years or older.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study utilized data from the 2009 National Health Interview Survey and 2008-2017 National Health Insurance claim records, including the records of 2247 individuals free from dementia treatment in 2008-2009.

Evaluation of a Pilot College Student-Based Physical Activity Implementation Strategy in a Rural Middle School.

Background: Physical inactivity in the U.S. poses a significant risk of developing chronic health factors associated with cardiovascular disease.

E-Cigarette switching and financial incentives to promote combustible cigarette cessation among adults accessing shelter services: A pilot study.

Background: Smoking prevalence among U.S. adults experiencing homelessness is ≥70 %.

Improving the screening ability of neuron-specific enolase on small cell lung cancer.

Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is one of the most common biomarkers of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and is widely used in lung cancer screening. But its specificity is affected by many factors. Using residual correction and machine learning, corrected NSE and its reference range were constructed based on metabolic factors and smoking history affecting NSE in the training set of 48,009 healthy individuals recruited from the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University.

Serum fatty acid profiles in systemic lupus erythematosus and patient reported outcomes: The Michigan Lupus Epidemiology & Surveillance (MILES) Program.

Introduction: Despite progress in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) treatment, challenges persist in medication adherence due to side effects and costs. Precision nutrition, particularly adjusting fatty acid intake, offers a cost-effective strategy for enhancing SLE management. Prior research, including our own, indicates that increased consumption of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) correlates with improved outcomes in SLE patients.

Role of Life's Essential 8 score in mediating socioeconomic status in the incidence of atrial fibrillation and heart failure: a population-based cohort study.

Objective: To assess whether the Life's Essential 8 (LE8) score mediates the association of socioeconomic status (SES) with atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF).

Methods: A total of 236,754 participants from the UK Biobank were included. SES was determined based on household income, education attainment, and employment status using latent class analysis.

Normal-weight obesity subtypes and 10-year risks of major vascular diseases in 0.3 million adults.

Background & Aims: Obesity directly contributes to the progression of cardiovascular disease, but little is known about the association and risk attribution of normal-weight obesity subtypes with the incidence of major vascular events (MVEs) and their subtypes.

Methods: This is a prospective cohort study based on the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB). A total of 308,071 individuals with no prior vascular diseases or cancer were included at baseline.

Effectiveness of an online food shopping intervention to reduce salt purchases among individuals with hypertension - findings of the SaltSwitch Online Grocery Shopping (OGS) randomised trial.

Background: Online grocery shopping is a growing source of food purchases in many countries. We investigated the effect of nudging consumers towards purchases of lower sodium products using a web browser extension.

Methods: This trial was conducted among individuals with hypertension who shopped for their groceries online in Australia.

Polygenic score distribution differences across European ancestry populations: implications for breast cancer risk prediction.

Background: The 313-variant polygenic risk score (PRS) provides a promising tool for clinical breast cancer risk prediction. However, evaluation of the PRS across different European populations which could influence risk estimation has not been performed.

Methods: We explored the distribution of PRS across European populations using genotype data from 94,072 females without breast cancer diagnosis, of European-ancestry from 21 countries participating in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC) and 223,316 females without breast cancer diagnosis from the UK Biobank.

Institutional variation of smoking cessation success in Taiwan: A multi-level analysis of the National Second-Generation Tobacco Cessation Program Data.

Introduction: Although the relationships between personal factors and smoking abstinence are well-documented, institutional variation in smoking abstinence remains underexplored. This study investigates institutional variation in the six-month smoking abstinence prevalence among institutions participating in Taiwan's Second-Generation Tobacco Cessation Program (SGTCP) and examines institutional characteristics associated with smoking cessation success.

Methods: The analysis included 304,757 pharmacotherapy and health education sessions from 160,336 participants who received smoking cessation services across 2420 institutions under the SGTCP between 2000 and June 2022.

Japan Diabetes Complications Study: Revisiting one of the first large-scale clinical studies in East Asians with diabetes.

This review highlights the significance of the Japan Diabetes Complications Study (JDCS), one of the earliest large-scale studies of people with type 2 diabetes outside Europe and the United States, in understanding type 2 diabetes mellitus among East Asian populations, particularly in Japan. Historically, large-scale clinical studies on type 2 diabetes mellitus have predominantly focused on Western populations, despite East Asians comprising the largest proportion of diabetic patients globally. The JDCS, which was initiated in 1996, enrolled 2,033 Japanese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

Pilot Feasibility Study of Physical Activity to Manage Bowel Dysfunction in Survivors of Rectal Cancer.

Background: Low anterior resection syndrome can disrupt health-related quality of life for survivors of rectal cancer.

Objective: To assess the feasibility, satisfaction with, and benefit of a pilot telehealth physical activity counseling intervention for survivors of rectal cancer with low anterior resection syndrome.

Design: Single site, single arm prospective pre-post pilot feasibility intervention.

Overview of Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative and future clinical trials.

The overall goal of the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) is to optimize and validate biomarkers for clinical trials while sharing all data and biofluid samples with the global scientific community. ADNI has been instrumental in standardizing and validating amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. ADNI data were used for the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of the Fujirebio and Roche Elecsys cerebrospinal fluid diagnostic tests.

The use of sequential multiple assignment randomized trials (SMARTs) in physical activity interventions: a systematic review.

Background: Physical activity (PA) is often the cornerstone in risk-reduction interventions for the prevention and treatment of many chronic health conditions. PA interventions are inherently multi-dimensional and complex in nature. Thus, study designs used in the evaluation of PA interventions must be adaptive to intervention components and individual capacities.

Impact of the COVID-19 vaccination on confusion around vaccination in general: A longitudinal study on a university population over 18 months.

Even before the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccine hesitancy was one of the main global public health threats. Unfortunately, the COVID-19 crisis and its associated risks only reinforced this hesitancy. This study aimed to identify to what extent the COVID-19 vaccination affected confusion around vaccination in general, its change and any associated factors.

Substituting time spent in physical activity and sedentary time and its association with cardiovascular disease among northwest Chinese adults.

Objectives: To examine the association between physical activity (PA) and leisure-time sedentary time and cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Methods: This cross-sectional study used baseline data from the Regional Ethnic Cohort Study in Northwest China from June 2018 to May 2019. PA and leisure-time sedentary time were self-reported.

Association Between Dynamic Viral Rebound and Longitudinal Measures of Viral Load/CD4 Counts Among People with HIV in South Carolina.

Monitoring HIV viral rebound (VR) is crucial, as it indicates an increased risk of infection, transmission, disease progression, and drug resistance. This study aims to identify the association between dynamic VR and historical viral load (VL)/CD4 count measures. A 15-year South Carolina population-based electronic health record data were used for the study.