Efficacy and safety of a single-tablet regimen containing tenofovir disoproxil fumarate 300 mg, lamivudine 300 mg and efavirenz 400 mg as a switch strategy in virologically suppressed HIV-1-infected subjects on nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-containing first-line antiretroviral therapy in Pune, India.

Objectives: As per National AIDS Control Organization (NACO) estimates, there are 2.1 million people living with HIV (PWH) in India, of whom 1.2 million are on first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART).

SUPPORT-1 (Subjects Undergoing PCI and Perioperative Reperfusion Treatment): A Prospective, Randomized Trial of CMX-2043 in Patients Undergoing Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

Objective: The natural molecule α-lipoic acid has been shown to be partially cytoprotective through antioxidant and antiapoptotic mechanisms. To obtain an initial assessment of the safety and potential efficacy of a synthetic derivative, CMX-2043, in preventing ischemic complications of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) we conducted the Subjects Undergoing PCI and Perioperative Reperfusion Treatment (SUPPORT-1) trial, the first patient experience with this agent.

Methods And Results: SUPPORT-1 was a phase 2a, 6-center, international, placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind trial.

Anterior retropharyngeal cage distraction with atlantoaxial plate-screw fixation for basilar invagination with atlantoaxial dislocation.

The unilateral submandibular anterior retropharyngeal approach in properly selected patients offers the possibility to expose both atlantoaxial joints adequately, abrade the endplates, and graft the joint spaces. The supine position in extension permits the use of wedge-shaped cages, which reduce the invagination and correct the dislocation. Adequate bone stock is available to rigidly fix the joints using an anterior plate-screw construct without any risk to the vertebral arteries.

Posterior atlantoaxial fixation with new subfacetal axis screw trajectory avoiding vertebral artery with customized variable screw placement plate and screws to enhance biomechanics of fixation.

Fixation for atlantoaxial dislocation is a challenging issue, and posterior C1 lateral mass and C2 pars-pedicle screw plate-rod construct is the standard of care for atlantoaxial instability. However, vertebral artery injury remains a potential complication. Recent literature has focused on intraoperative navigation, the O-arm, 3D printing, and recently use of robots for perfecting the trajectory and screw position to avoid disastrous injury to the vertebral artery and enhance the rigidity of fixation.

Neuro-Behcet's Disease, a Diagnostic Challenge.

Neuro-Behcet's disease (NBD) is a rare neurological manifestation of the systemic small vessel vasculitis called Behcet's disease. It can present in various ways with predilection for the brain stem, thalamo- hypothalamic regions, cerebellum and basal ganglia. In this case, we describe a case of young stroke that was later attributed to NBD.

Employment functioning in people with severe mental illnesses living in urban vs. rural areas in India.

Purpose: Research on employment in people with severe mental illnesses (SMI) in developing countries is sparse and largely limited to employment rates. We conducted a comprehensive study of work, interest in work, and perceived benefits and barriers to work in people with SMI in India.

Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 550 individuals with SMI receiving private psychiatric outpatient services in two districts in western India, one urban (Pune) and the other rural (Ahmednagar).

Blood pressure and heart rate related to sex in untreated subjects: the India ABPM study.

Women are underrepresented in groups of patients seeking hypertension care in India. The present paper reports trends in office and ambulatory blood pressure measurement (OBPM, ABPM) and 24-h heart rate (HR) with sex in 14,977 subjects untreated for hypertension (aged 47.3 ± 13.

Two treatment strategies for management of Neurosymptomatic cerebrospinal fluid HIV escape in Pune, India.

Symptomatic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) viral escape (sCVE) is reported in people with HIV, who are on ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor (PI/r) containing antiretroviral therapy (ART). Management of sCVE includes performing genotypic HIV-1 resistance testing (GRT) on CSF and plasma HIV and changing ART accordingly. Neither GRT nor newer drugs (Dolutegravir and Darunavir/ritonavir) are routinely available in India.

Hepatitis A Outbreak with the Concurrence of Typhi and Poona Infection in Children of Urban Vellore, South India.

We investigated an outbreak of hepatitis A infection among children in an urban settlement of Vellore, South India. A total of 58 cases of jaundice were reported between April and August 2019. Sera from children who presented with jaundice were tested for hepatitis A virus (HAV) IgM.

Serum Methotrexate Level and Side Effects of High Dose Methotrexate Infusion in Pediatric Patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL).

Methotrexate (MTX) is an extensively prescribed antimetabolite especially in the treatment of several pediatric cancers, though managing toxicities associated with methotrexate in high dose continues to be a challenge. A prospective study was carried out from April 2017 to October 2018. Children of either sex below 18 years at the time of enrolment and receiving high dose Methotrexate intravenous infusion over 24 h as a 2 g/m, 3 g/m and 5 g/m dose was included in the study.

Attenuation of reserpine-induced fibromyalgia via ROS and serotonergic pathway modulation by fisetin, a plant flavonoid polyphenol.

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic complex musculoskeletal disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain accompanied by fatigue, sleep disturbance, memory defects and mood changes. Fisetin, a plant flavonoid polyphenol, has been reported to possess potent antioxidant, antinociceptive and neuroprotective activities. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of fisetin against reserpine-induced FM (RIF) in rats.

Pulmonary Function Tests in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery and its Correlation with Outcome.

Background: Pulmonary complications are one of the most common causes of postoperative morbidity and mortality after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. There is paucity of data of CABG in abnormal pulmonary function tests (PFT) in Indian population.

Objectives: To study correlation of PFT with clinical outcome in patients undergoing CABG.

Toxicological evaluation of a flavonoid, chrysin: morphological, behavioral, biochemical and histopathological assessments in rats.

Nowadays, medicines from plant sources play a vital role in healthcare management. Chrysin, a plant flavonoid, possesses a wide range of pharmacological activities. The aim of present investigation was to evaluate the safety of chrysin by determining toxicity after acute and sub-chronic oral administration in rats.

Hesperidin ameliorates bleomycin-induced experimental pulmonary fibrosis via inhibition of TGF-beta1/Smad3/AMPK and IkappaBalpha/NF-kappaB pathways.

Bleomycin (BLM) is a chemotherapeutic agent which is associated with Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) due to its chronic administration. Hesperidin, a bioflavonoid has been reported to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, and antiapoptotic potential. To evaluate the therapeutic potential of hesperidin against BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis and decipher its possible mechanism of action.

Bacteremia Caused by Salmonella Poona in a Healthy Adult in Tokyo, Japan.

Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) infection is a major pathogen causing gastroenteritis among immunocompetent adults. NTS infection is mainly transmitted by contaminated food and water, but some cases are transmitted by animal contact. Salmonella enterica subsp.

Prevalence of Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis: A Cross-Sectional, Clinicoepidemiological, Multicenter, Nationwide Study in India: The PREDICT Study.

Background: The study aimed at assessing the prevalence and clinical profile of minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) in patients with cirrhosis using neuropsychological assessment and at understanding the management practices of MHE in the Indian clinical setting.

Methods: This cross-sectional, clinicoepidemiological study conducted at 20 sites enrolled liver cirrhosis patients with Grade 0 hepatic encephalopathy according to West-Haven Criteria. Patients were subjected to mini-mental state examination and those with a score of ≥24 were assessed using psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score.

Role of line probe assay in detection of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis: Experience from a tertiary care hospital in western Maharashtra.

Background: Diagnosis of extra pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is challenging due to its atypical clinical presentation and frequently results in a delay or deprivation of treatment. Apart from rapid case detection, early determination of MDR status is imperative in such situations. The commercially available Geno Type MTBDRplus assay version 2.

Incidence of tuberculosis among HIV infected individuals on long term antiretroviral therapy in private healthcare sector in Pune, Western India.

Background: Despite rapid scale up of antiretroviral therapy (ART), Tuberculosis (TB) remains the commonest opportunistic infection and cause of death among HIV infected individuals in resource limited settings like India. Incidence of TB in individuals on ART in private healthcare sector in India is infrequently studied.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study conducted between 1st March 2009 and 1st March 2017 aimed to evaluate rate of incident TB in individuals initiated on ART at 3 private sector ART clinics in Pune, India.

Prevalence of dental caries, oral health awareness and treatment-seeking behavior of elderly population in rural Maharashtra.

Background And Objective: There have been numerous studies of oral health status of school children and young population; however, similar studies in elderly population in India are lacking. With advances in medical science and consequent increase in life expectancy, elderly population is on the rise and is a subject of growing concern for public health policy. Hence, an attempt was made to study factors influencing decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index, oral health awareness, and dental treatment-seeking behavior of elderly population.

Evaluation of Quality of Life in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Using Quality of Life Instrument for Indian Diabetic Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease with major impact on the quality of life (QoL) in terms of various domains such as social, physical, and mental well-being.

Aim: This study aimed to study the factors determining the QoL in T2DM patients.

Materials And Methods: A prospective, observational study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital for 6 months.

Association of Non-HDL Cholesterol, Homocysteine and Vitamin D in Acute Coronary Syndrome.

Background: The role of Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) in the pathogenesis of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) has been well established. In many studies it was found that Non-HDL cholesterol (total cholesterol minus High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol [HDL-C] is a better predictor of CHD risk than LDL-C alone. High homocysteine levels are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease.