The Role of SOX2 and SOX9 in Radioresistance and Tumor Recurrence.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) exhibits considerable variability in patient outcome. It has been reported that SOX2 plays a role in proliferation, tumor growth, drug resistance, and metastasis in a variety of cancer types. Additionally, SOX9 has been implicated in immune tolerance and treatment failures.

Immunobiology of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders.

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a rare autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. Most of the cases are positive for autoantibodies targeting the water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4-IgG). Activated B and T cells, innate immunity cells, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and activated complement contribute to the formation of the NMOSD lesions.

Facial Nerve Palsy Associated With Orthognathic Surgery.

The authors report a 25-year-old female who presented facial palsy after undergoing bimaxillary orthognathic surgery for retrognathism correction. Orthognathic surgery is a procedure used to treat dentofacial deformities which aims to achieve an adequate relationship between dental archs, improving function (such as chewing, breathing, and speaking) and facial aesthetics. Even though there are some complications that can occur during the intraoperative and postoperative periods like bleeding, tooth, soft-tissue damage, nerve damage, bad split, infection, and nonunion, facial nerve injuries are considered rare complications after this kind of surgical procedure.

Effects of fusion-activation interval and embryo aggregation on in vitro and in vivo development of bovine cloned embryos.

Nuclear reprogramming in somatic cell cloning is one of the key factors for proper development, with variations in the protocol appearing to improve cloning efficiency. This study aimed to determine the effects of two fusion-activation intervals and the aggregation of bovine cloned embryos on subsequent in vitro and in vivo development. Zygotes produced by handmade cloning were exposed to two fusion-activation intervals (2 h or 4 h), and then cultured in microwells either individually (1 × 100%) or after aggregation of two structures (2 × 100%).

Diagnosing and Understanding Angiostrongyliasis, A Zoonotic Cause of Meningitis.

Eosinophilic meningitis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis is spreading worldwide, and it can manifest as a severe neurological disease. Angiostrongyliasis is a food- and water-borne parasitosis that usually exhibits a seasonal and circumscribed geographical distribution. To improve control and treatment of these infections, further studies of transmission dynamics under natural conditions and the development of better diagnostic tools and treatment options are needed.

Impact of cumulative gain in expertise on the efficiency of handmade cloning in cattle.

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the cumulative gain in expertise in carrying out handmade cloning (HMC) procedures on embryo yield and pregnancy outcome in cattle. Results from in vitro and in vivo embryo development after HMC during three periods of 7 months, separated by 3-month intervals, were compiled and designated as P1, P2 and P3. Blastocyst yield, morphological quality and stage of development, and pregnancy per embryo transfer (ET) on Day 30 of gestation were compared.

Midfacial Protraction With Skeletal Anchorage After Pterygomaxillary Separation.

The present article reports the treatment of a 7-year-old girl with maxillary hypoplasia associated with multiple tooth agenesis through maxillary protraction with skeletal anchorage and pterygomaxillary separation. Two titanium mini-plates were placed in the lateral region of the nasal cavity and used as anchorage for maxillary protraction with a reverse-pull facemask. Pterygomaxillary separation was also performed to enhance the effects of maxillary protraction.

Developmental Outcome and Related Abnormalities in Goats: Comparison Between Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer- and In Vivo-Derived Concepti During Pregnancy Through Term.

Cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is characterized by low efficiency and the occurrence of developmental abnormalities, which are rather poorly studied phenomena in goats. This study aimed at comparing overall SCNT efficiency in goats by using in vitro-matured (IVM) or in vivo-matured oocytes and fibroblast donor cells (mock transfected, transgenic, or wild type), also characterizing symptoms of the Abnormal Offspring Syndrome (AOS) in development, comparing results with pregnancies produced by artificial insemination (AI) and in vivo-derived (IVD) embryos. The SCNT group had lower pregnancy rate (18.