Development and application of Reverse Systematic Review on laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.

Context: Evidence-based medicine was widely used in the context of diverse surgical treatments through several systematic reviews (SR). Despite the high level of evidence from these reviews, the specificity of the analyzed outcomes makes it difficult to establish the state of maturity of the analyzed technique neglecting significant bias.

Objective: To describe a novel SR methodology based on a temporal population analysis in a Reverse Systematic Review utilizing the case of well-established laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP).

T cells CD4+/CD8+ local immune modulation by prostate cancer hemi-cryoablation.

Purpose: Tumors escape from the immune system by decreasing CD8+ and increasing CD4+ T cells' activity, druggable targets. Thermal ablation might activate tumor-specific T cells by raising the presentation of tumor-specific antigens and hindering tumor negative immune regulation. Our aim was to assess T cell infiltrate pre- and post-cryoablation in a prospective observational study.

Surfactin application for a short period (10/20 s) increases the surface wettability of sound dentin.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of spreading the lipopeptide surfactin, for short time (10/20 s), on dentin wettability. Study groups were surfactin: 2.8; 1.

The Biopsychosocial Burden of Prostate Biopsy at the Time of Its Indication, Procedure, and Pathological Report.

Purpose: To explore the burden of prostate biopsy at the time of its indication, procedure, and pathological report in the prostate cancer-screening scenario that is neglected and underestimated in the literature.

Methods: Prostate biopsy was offered to 47 consecutive patients with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) over 4 ng/dl or suspicious digital rectal examination (DRE) of whom 16 had undergone a biopsy. Comprehensive validated questionnaires at Time 0 (prebiopsy), Time 1 (before diagnosis, 20 days after biopsy), and Time 2 (after diagnosis, 40 days after biopsy) accessed patients' erectile (IIEF-5) and voiding (IPSS) functions, Beck scales measured anxiety (BAI), hopelessness (BHS), and depression (BDI), added to the emotional thermometers including five visual analog scales for distress, anxiety, depression, anger, and need for help.

Wide Awake Hand Surgery Under Local Anesthesia No Tourniquet in South America.

The authors report the introduction and development of wide awake hand surgery under local anesthesia no tourniquet (WALANT) in South America, specifically in Brazil, where thousands of cases have already been performed with this technique. This was largely stimulated by Dr Lalonde's first visit to Brazil in 2012. The authors began with smaller procedures such as trigger fingers and carpal tunnels, which were easily implemented.

WTP and WWTP sludge management: a case study in the metropolitan area of Campinas, southeastern Brazil.

Disposal of sludges generated at water treatment plants (WTPs) and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) located in highly urbanized regions challenges water industry. Legal restrictions based on public health and sustainability push managers forward in order to find beneficial use markets rather than deficit and high-cost landfilling. A GIS-based linear optimization method for sludge management was firstly proposed.

Intravesical Thalidomide boosts bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer treatment.

The aim of this study was to explore the efficacy of intravesical Thalidomide (immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic) added to BCG using an immune competent autochthonous orthotopic NMIBC animal model. Female Fischer 344 rats, 7 weeks of age, received every 2 weeks for four times, a dose of 1.5 mg/kg of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) intravesically.

Identifying Overweight and Obesity in Brazilian Schoolchildren, 2014.

Context: For any intervention in a population, we need to understand population characteristics and needs. The School Health Program (PSE) is a Brazilian national proposal for the improvement of schoolchildren's quality of life by integrating health and education areas to address vulnerabilities that affect the development of students from public schools.

Objective: To describe the prevalence of overweight and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents and to expound methods to evaluate the nutritional status deviation.

Microcephaly and Zika virus: Neuroradiological aspects, clinical findings and a proposed framework for early evaluation of child development.

Background And Aims: As the recent outbreak of microcephaly cases caused by Zika virus has been declared a global health emergency, providing assessment guidelines for multidisciplinary teams providing early developmental screening and stimulation to infants with microcephaly is much needed. Thus, the aim of this manuscript is to provide an overview on what is known about neuroradiological aspects and clinical findings in infants with microcephaly caused by Zika virus and to propose a framework for early evaluation of child development.

Methods: The keywords "Zika virus" and "microcephaly" were searched in PubMed database for articles published from incept to May 2017.

Fat Grafting for Esthetic Correction of the Muscle Atrophy Secondary to Ulnar Nerve Lesion.

Patients with hand muscular atrophy due to damage of the ulnar nerve could be stigmatized for their appearance. Unsatisfactory results in the attempt to correct the atrophy are reported in the literature. Fat grafting is an autologous and easily obtainable graft, antigenic response is very unlikely, it does not require any special material, and the procedure has a low cost.

Ultraviolet A photosensitivity profile of dexchlorpheniramine maleate and promethazine-based creams: Anti-inflammatory, antihistaminic, and skin barrier protection properties.

Background: Unwanted side effects such as dryness, hypersensitivity, and cutaneous photosensitivity are challenge for adherence and therapeutical success for patients using treatments for inflammatory and allergic skin response.

Aims: In this study, we compared the effects of two dermatological formulations, which are used in inflammatory and/or allergic skin conditions: dexchlorpheniramine maleate (DCP; 10 mg/g) and promethazine (PTZ; 20 mg/g).

Methods: We evaluated both formulations for phototoxicity potential, skin irritation, anti-inflammatory and antihistaminic abilities, and skin barrier repair in vitro and ex vivo using the standard OECD test guideline n° 432, the ECVAM protocol n° 78, and cultured skin explants from a healthy patient.

Is there room for luminal-basal urothelial cell population quantification?

Purpose: Three cell layers compose the urothelium: basal, intermediate and luminal ("umbrella cells") and different diseases might arise from different cell populations. The aim of this study is to analyze the quantification ability of such cell populations by using four different protocols.

Methods: Twenty male rats (Wistar) were randomized in four groups of five animals: scraping, enzymatic 30, 45 and 60minutes.

Nitric oxide coating polypropylene mesh increases angiogenesis and reduces inflammatory response and apoptosis.

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of implanted S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) coating polypropylene mesh in foreign-body response of rats.

Methods: Thirty female rats underwent to subcutaneous implant of five polypropylene (PP) fragments: uncoated PP (control); PP polyvinylalcohol (PVA) coated and PP PVA + GSNO (1, 10 and 70 mMol) coated. After euthanasia (4 and 30 days), eight slides were prepared from each animal: hematoxylin-eosin (inflammatory response); unstained (birefringence collagen evaluation); TUNEL technique (apoptosis); and five for immunohistochemical processing: CD-31 (angiogenesis), IL-1 and TNF-α (proinflammatory cytokynes), iNOS (NO synthesis) and MMP-2 (collagen metabolism).

Is there room for behavioral and modifiable health-related targets in the lower urinary tract symptoms' scenario.

Purpose: To better understand potential modifiable risk factors guiding preventive interventions against lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).

Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study, including healthy men aged 40-70 years under routine urological evaluation, measured the strength of association between the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and socio-demographic, lifestyle, and health-related factors using logistic and linear regression adjusted for confounding factors. Men with urethral or prostate surgery were excluded.

Primary cerebral echinoccocosis in a child: Case report - Surgical technique, technical pitfalls, and video atlas.

Background: Hydatid disease is a life-threatening parasitic infestation caused by . Infection with typically results in the formation of hydatid cysts in the liver, lungs, kidney, and spleen. Primary intracranial hydatid cyst disease is extremely rare.

Psychotherapy and phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor in early rehabilitation after radical prostatectomy: a prospective randomised controlled trial.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of group psychotherapy and the use of a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor (PDE-5i) in the early rehabilitation stage of patients with prostate cancer undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP). Fifty-six patients undergoing RP for prostate cancer were randomised into four groups, and 53 completed the protocol: Group 1 - control (n = 11), Group 2 - group psychotherapy (n = 16), Group 3 - lodenafil 80 mg/one tablet per week (n = 12) and Group 4 - group psychotherapy + lodenafil 80 mg/one tablet per week (n = 14). The groups were individually evaluated for erectile function (IIEF-5) and quality of life - QoL (SF-36) weekly, with two meetings held a week apart before the RP and 12 weekly meetings after surgery.

Religiosity aspects in patients with epilepsy.

The objectives of this study were to assess religiosity aspects in patients with epilepsy (PWEs) and controls and to determine whether such aspects were related to the samples' clinical, sociodemographic, and QOL-31 data. The Duke Religion Index was administered to 159 adult PWEs and 50 controls. The relationships between the Duke Religion Index and the study variables of the two groups were compared.

Burden of focal cryoablation versus brachytherapy versus active surveillance in the treatment of very low-risk prostate cancer: a preliminary head-to-head comprehensive assessment.

Focal cryoablation (FC), brachytherapy (B) and active surveillance (AS) were offered to patients diagnosed with very low-risk prostate cancer (VLRPC) in an equal access protocol. Comprehensive validated self-report questionnaires accessed patients' erectile (IIEF-5) and voiding (IPSS) functions, Beck scales measured anxiety (BAI), hopelessness (BHS) and depression (BDI), SF-36 reflected patients' quality of life added to the emotional thermometers including five visual analogue scales (distress, anxiety, depression, anger and need for help). Kruskal-Wallis or ANOVA tests and Spearman's correlations were obtained among groups and studied variables.

Gleason underestimation is predicted by prostate biopsy core length.

Purpose: To evaluate whether core length impacts biopsy accuracy and Gleason score underestimation compared to radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens.

Methods: From 2010 to 2011, 8,928 cores were trans-rectal obtained from 744 consecutive patients (178 RP, 24%), 557 by an experienced performer (>250/year) and 187 (25%) by in-training urology residents. Prospectively analyzed variables were core length, age, prostate volume, free and total prostate-specific antigen (PSA), PSA density and free/total PSA ratio.

Impact of benign prostatic hyperplasia pharmacological treatment on transrectal prostate biopsy adverse effects.

Background. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) pharmacological treatment may promote a decrease in prostate vascularization and bladder neck relaxation with theoretical improvement in prostate biopsy morbidity, though never explored in the literature. Methods.

Is metabolic syndrome truly a risk factor for male lower urinary tract symptoms or just an epiphenomenon?

To define whether the association of male lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and metabolic syndrome (MS) is real or simply an epiphenomenon, 490 male adults (mean age 58 ± 9 years) underwent International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), physical and prostate digital examinations, blood analysis, and urinary tract transabdominal ultrasound with prostate volume measurement. Mild, moderate, and severe LUTS were found in 350 (71.4%), 116 (23.