Urbanization and psychosis: an update of recent evidence.

Purpose Of Review: Urbanization, a complex global phenomenon, has a significant bearing on schizophrenia/psychosis burden through various socioeconomic and environmental factors. This review focuses on recent evidence (2019-2023) linking urbanization, schizophrenia, and the role of green space.

Recent Findings: This review analyzed 43 articles that examined the correlation between urban birth or upbringing, urban living (urbanicity), and various schizophrenia/psychosis-related outcomes such as incidence, psychotic experiences, etc.

Severity and mortality associated with COVID-19 among children hospitalised in tertiary care centres in India: a cohort study.

Background: It is critical to identify high-risk groups among children with COVID-19 from low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) to facilitate the optimum use of health system resources. The study aims to describe the severity and mortality of different clinical phenotypes of COVID-19 in a large cohort of children admitted to tertiary care hospitals in India.

Methods: Children aged 0-19 years with evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection (real time polymerase chain reaction or rapid antigen test positive) or exposure (anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody, or history of contact with SARS-CoV-2) were enrolled in the study, between January 2021 and March 2022 across five tertiary hospitals in India.

Coexistence of blaNDM-1, blaOXA-51, blaOXA-23, and armA in conjunction with novel mutations detected in RND efflux pump regulators in tigecycline resistant clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii.

This study has investigated a total of 51 Acinetobacter baumannii isolates for the prevalence of resistant determinants in tigecycline susceptible and non-susceptible clinical isolates of A. baumannii. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed 74% of isolates were tigecycline resistant.

Safety and immunogenicity of a single dose, live-attenuated 'tetravalent dengue vaccine' in healthy Indian adults; a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled phase I/II trial.

Background: Dengue fever is the most prevalent mosquito-borne viral disease in the world, with 390 million dengue infections occurring every year. There is an unmet medical need to develop a safe, effective and affordable dengue vaccine against all four Dengue serotype viruses-DENV1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4. Panacea Biotec Ltd (PBL) has developed a cell culture-derived, live-attenuated, lyophilized Tetravalent Dengue Vaccine (TDV).

A comprehensive study and extensive review of morphological variations of liver with new insights.

Purpose: Liver is divided into four anatomical lobes presenting minor fissures and invisible major fissures. The prevalence of Accessory Fissures in liver ranges widely from 6 to 94%. The morphometric analysis of individual lobes is also scarce in literature.

Baseline characteristics of participants in the LANDMARC trial: A 3-year, -india, prospective, longitudinal study to assess management and real-world outcomes of diabetes mellitus.

Introduction: Longitudinal data on progression, complications, and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) across India are scarce. LANDMARC (CTRI/2017/05/008452), the first -India, longitudinal, prospective, observational study, aims to understand the management and real-world outcomes of T2DM over 3 years.

Methods: Adults (≥25 to ≤60 years old at T2DM diagnosis; diabetes duration ≥2 years at enrollment; controlled/uncontrolled on ≥2 anti-diabetic agents) were enrolled.

Rationale, study design and methodology of the LANDMARC trial: a 3-year, pan-India, prospective, longitudinal study to assess management and real-world outcomes of diabetes mellitus.

Aim: India contributes towards a large part of the worldwide epidemic of diabetes and its associated complications. However, there are limited longitudinal studies available in India to understand the occurrence of diabetes complications over time. This pan-India longitudinal study was initiated to assess the real-world outcomes of diabetes across the country.

High prevalence of prediabetes among the family members of individuals with diabetes. Findings from targeted screening program from south India.

Aim: We aimed to screen for prediabetes, diabetes and other cardiovascular risk factors among family members of people with diabetes registered for care in a primary health centre in South India.

Methods: During 2017-2018, we screened eligible family members of individuals with diabetes at their homes. We measured fasting capillary blood glucose (FCBG); for those with FCBG≥126 mg/dl, we confirmed the diagnosis of diabetes with fasting plasma glucose (FPG).

Diabetes and pre-diabetes among household contacts of tuberculosis patients in India: is it time to screen them all?

Setting: Pre-diabetes mellitus (pre-DM) and DM increase the risk of developing tuberculosis (TB). Screening contacts of TB patients for pre-DM/DM and linking them to care may mitigate the risk of developing TB and improve DM management.

Objective: To measure the prevalence of pre-DM/DM and associated factors among the adult household contacts (HHCs) of pulmonary TB patients.

Simple and economical method for identification and speciation of Staphylococcus epidermidis and other coagulase negative Staphylococci and its validation by molecular methods.

Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) have been increasingly recognized as a clinically important group of species that can cause several opportunistic nosocomial infections. There are at least 47 known species of Staphylococci and to differentiate all these species >40 biochemical tests need to be performed. The present study was able to refine the CoNS identification process by using only five tests to identify S.

Role of isolated percutaneous autologous platelet concentrate in delayed union of long bones.

Purpose: The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of percutaneous platelet concentrate (PC) injection in increasing the chances of attaining union in delayed union of long bones and to know whether the time taken for union decreases with use of PC.

Methods: Forty delayed unions (15-30 weeks old) were randomized into a study group in which autologous PC prepared by blood bank centrifuge was percutaneously injected at the fracture site under image intensifier after activation with 10% calcium gluconate and a control group where patients were observed over time. Follow-up was every 6 weeks till fracture union.

Comparison of structured and unstructured physical activity training on predicted VO2max and heart rate variability in adolescents - a randomized control trial.

Background: Physical inactivity contributes to many health issues. The WHO-recommended physical activity for adolescents encompasses aerobic, resistance, and bone strengthening exercises aimed at achieving health-related physical fitness. Heart rate variability (HRV) and maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max) are considered as noninvasive measures of cardiovascular health.

Detection of ISAba1 in association with a novel allelic variant of the β-lactamase ADC-82 and class D β-lactamase genes mediating carbapenem resistance among the clinical isolates of MDR A. baumannii.

Purpose: The objective of the present study is to investigate the diverse resistance determinants, their association with insertion sequence mobile elements and predilection of a particular clone for such associations in Acinetobacter baumannii.

Methodology: Fifty-four consecutive isolates collected during 2011-2012 from a tertiary care hospital were subjected to susceptibility testing followed by PCR screening of commonly reported β-lactamases and 16S rRNA methyltransferase encoding genes. The integrity of resistance-nodulation-cell division efflux pump-related genes in their respective operons was also investigated.

Assessment of Abdominal Muscle's Maximal Force of Contraction Using Surface EMG in Inguinal Hernia Patients.

Introduction: Reduction in abdominal muscle's strength has been implicated in the development of inguinal hernia. Patients with inguinal hernia on one side are shown to be at higher risk of developing inguinal hernia on the other side.

Aim: To assess the abdominal muscle strength in inguinal hernia subjects using surface Electromyography (EMG) and compare it with healthy controls.

COST OF INTENSIVE CARE IN INDIA.

Objectives: The majority of patients in India access private sector providers for curative medical services. However, there is scanty information on the cost of treatment of critically ill patients in this setting. The study evaluates the cost and extent of financial subsidy required for patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) in India.

CometQ: An automated tool for the detection and quantification of DNA damage using comet assay image analysis.

Background And Objective: DNA damage analysis plays an important role in determining the approaches for treatment and prevention of various diseases like cancer, schizophrenia and other heritable diseases. Comet assay is a sensitive and versatile method for DNA damage analysis. The main objective of this work is to implement a fully automated tool for the detection and quantification of DNA damage by analysing comet assay images.

Utility of nuclear morphometry in effusion cytology.

Background: The cytological analysis of serous effusions is a common investigation and yields important diagnostic information. However, the distinction of reactive mesothelial cells from malignant cells can sometimes be difficult for the cytopathologist. Hence cost-effective ancillary methods are essential to enhance the accuracy of cytological diagnosis.

Erratum: The expanding spectrum of human infections caused by Kocuria species: a case report and literature review.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/emi.2013.

The expanding spectrum of human infections caused by Kocuria species: a case report and literature review.

Although not previously known to cause human infections, Kocuria species have now emerged as human pathogens, mostly in compromised hosts with severe underlying disease. Recently, there has been an increasing incidence of different types of Kocuria infections reported, most likely due to the adoption of better identification methods. Here, we report a case of peritonitis caused by Kocuria rosea in a diabetic nephropathy patient who was on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

Predictive value of micronucleus count in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and carcinoma.

Objective: A micronucleus is a small additional nucleus formed due to chromosomal loss or fragmentation. The aim of this study was to assess the utility of micronucleus count as a screening tool in cervical cancer.

Material And Method: A total of 132 cases consisting of 42 pre-neoplastic and neoplastic cases and 90 non-neoplastic cases were studied.

Pleural tuberculosis mimicking inflammatory pseudotumour.

A pseudotumour is a rare presentation of bronchopulmonary tuberculosis which occurs in immunocompetent patients, which can simulate malignancy, both clinically and radiologically, and may cause delay in its diagnosis and treatment. The incidence of bronchopulmonary pseudotumours was found to vary from 2-4%, as was seen in various studies. A mycobacterial pseudotumour of the pleura is a rare entity.