Dynamics of gut resistome and mobilome in early life: a meta-analysis.

Background: The gut microbiota of infants harbours a higher proportion of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) compared to adults, even in infants never exposed to antibiotics. Our study aims to elucidate this phenomenon by analysing how different perinatal factors influence the presence of ARGs, mobile genetic elements (MGEs), and their bacterial hosts in the infant gut.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE and Embase up to April 3rd, 2023, for studies reporting infant cohorts with shotgun metagenomic sequencing of stool samples.

Guideline for the economic evaluation of medicines: a proposal by the Spanish National Health System's Advisory Committee for Pharmaceutical Financing.

In 2023, the General Directorate of Pharmacy of the Ministry of Health commissioned the Advisory Committee on the Financing of Pharmaceuticals for the National Health System (CAPF, Comité Asesor para la Financiación de la Prestación Farmacéutica del Sistema Nacional de Salud) to produce a guideline for the evaluation of the efficiency of medicines. The aim of this methodological note is to present their main points. The guideline includes 17 dimensions that an economic evaluation of medicines must encompass, the design of a reference case, and a checklist for evaluating the methodological quality and reporting.

Large scale investigation of GPCR molecular dynamics data uncovers allosteric sites and lateral gateways.

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute a functionally diverse protein family and are targets for a broad spectrum of pharmaceuticals. Technological progress in X-ray crystallography and cryogenic electron microscopy has enabled extensive, high-resolution structural characterisation of GPCRs in different conformational states. However, as highly dynamic events underlie GPCR signalling, a complete understanding of GPCR functionality requires insights into their conformational dynamics.

Neurocognitive and psychosocial functioning profiles in bipolar disorder and comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Bipolar disorder (BD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are chronic psychiatric conditions with significant impacts on neurocognitive and psychosocial functioning. Co-occurrence of BD and ADHD (BD-ADHD) presents unique clinical challenges and could exacerbate cognitive and functional impairments. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to provide an updated synthesis of the differences in neurocognitive and psychosocial functioning between patients with BD-ADHD, BD, ADHD, and healthy controls (HC).

Prevalence, age-of-onset, and course of mental disorders among 72,288 first-year university students from 18 countries in the World Mental Health International College Student (WMH-ICS) initiative.

Background: The college years are a developmentally sensitive period for mental disorder onset. Reliable epidemiological data are critical for informing public health responses. This study aimed to estimate prevalence and socio-demographic distributions of common DSM-5 mental disorders among first-year university students from 77 universities across 18 countries.

Ongoing phase 2 agents for multiple sclerosis: could we break the phase 3 trial deadlock?

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system. While disease-modifying therapies have significantly improved the management of relapsing MS, progressive MS remains a major clinical challenge.

Areas Covered: This review provides a general overview of recent and ongoing phase 2 clinical trials investigating treatments for MS, summarizing emerging results when available.

A bio. tools collection of online resources for GPCR research.

G protein-coupled receptors are highly complex signal transduction proteins with many potential biomedical applications. Researchers from different fields work together to improve mechanistic understanding of GPCR function and to transfer that knowledge in order to advance therapeutic options. Due to the interdisciplinary nature of GPCR research, many databases and web tools with different types and levels of information are being developed to support scientists in sharing and analysing data.

Long-term effects of s-KL treatment in wild-type mice: Enhancing longevity, physical well-being, and neurological resilience.

Aging is a major risk factor for pathologies including sarcopenia, osteoporosis, and cognitive decline, which bring suffering, disability, and elevated economic and social costs. Therefore, new therapies are needed to achieve healthy aging. The protein Klotho (KL) has emerged as a promising anti-aging molecule due to its pleiotropic actions modulating insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1, and Wnt signaling pathways and reducing inflammatory and oxidative stress.

Parallel Networks to Predict TIMP and Protease Cell Activity of Nucleus Pulposus Cells Exposed and Not Exposed to Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines.

Background: Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is characterized by a disruption of the balance between anabolic and catabolic cellular processes. Within the nucleus pulposus (NP), this involves increased levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1beta (IL1B) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and an upregulation of the protease families matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS). Primary inhibitors of these proteases are the tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP).

or inherited: gonosomal mosaicism in hereditary angioedema due to C1 inhibitor deficiency.

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare genetic disease, characterized by transient and self-limiting episodes of subcutaneous or submucosal swelling that spontaneously resolve within two to five days. The most common form of HAE, HAE-C1-INH, is caused by deleterious mutations in the gene, encoding the C1-Inhibitor protein, and its diagnosis is confirmed by decreased C1-INH function. Distinctively from other genetic forms of HAE, up to 15-20% of HAE-C1-INH cases are sporadic caused by mutations.

Latino gangs in Spain: from the Latin Kings & Queens to the Dominican don't play.

In October 2003, a young Colombian was murdered after he left the high school where he was studying in Barcelona after an alleged confrontation between two gangs composed of young people of Latin American origin - the Ñetas and the Latin Kings & Queens. This led to a wave of moral panic over the presence in Spain of the so-called '' (Latino gangs). Eighteen years later, in February 2021, two further murders in Madrid linked to clashes between two other gangs - Dominican Don't Play and Trinitarios - generated alarm and led to a campaign with important media, political, legal, and criminal repercussions.

Pre-operative impact of multimodal prehabilitation in gynecologic oncology patients.

Objective: Multimodal prehabilitation is a multi-disciplinary program that includes exercise, nutrition, and psychological intervention before surgery to improve pre-operative functional capacity. This study aims to assess the impact of a prehabilitation program on the pre-operative functional status of gynecologic oncology patients.

Methods: This single-center, prospective observational study included all consecutive patients diagnosed with gynecologic cancer who were scheduled for surgery and enrolled in a structured prehabilitation program from January 2018 to May 2024.

Indocyanine green fluorescence-guided surgery in the emergency setting: the WSES international consensus position paper.

Background: Decision-making in emergency settings is inherently complex, requiring surgeons to rapidly evaluate various clinical, diagnostic, and environmental factors. The primary objective is to assess a patient's risk for adverse outcomes while balancing diagnoses, management strategies, and available resources. Recently, indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging has emerged as a valuable tool to enhance surgical vision, demonstrating proven benefits in elective surgeries.

Barriers to 12-month treatment of common anxiety, mood, and substance use disorders in the World Mental Health (WMH) surveys.

Background: High unmet need for treatment of mental disorders exists throughout the world. An understanding of barriers to treatment is needed to develop effective programs to address this problem.

Methods: Data on barriers were obtained from face-to-face interviews in 22 community surveys across 19 countries (n = 102,812 respondents aged ≥ 18 years, 57.

Efficacy and Safety of Mechanical Thrombectomy in Acute Ischemic Stroke Secondary to Infective Endocarditis.

Objectives: Acute ischemic strokes (stroke) are frequent and severe extracardiac complications in infective endocarditis (IE). Since intravenous thrombolysis (IV-thrombolysis) is contraindicated, mechanical thrombectomy (thrombectomy) offers potential benefit. We aimed to compare thrombectomy efficacy and safety between IE-related and general stroke cases.

Representation of Young Non-Binary Characters in Mainstream Fiction.

This study characterizes the depiction of young non-binary characters in mainstream fiction. It presents the results of a close-reading analysis of four non-binary characters from different cultural contexts that appeared in Netflix's English-language catalog in November 2023: Cal from Sex Education (UK), Darren from Heartbreak High (Australia), Syd from One Day at a Time (USA), and Yael from Degrassi: Next Class (Canada). The analysis observed aspects of their identity, embodiment, attitude, context, social interactions, and development.

Cost-effectiveness of robotic compared with laparoscopic rectal resection. Results from the Spanish prospective national trial ROBOCOSTES.

Objective: The costs related to robotic surgery are known to be greater than those associated with laparoscopy. However, the potential for better outcomes of the former could lead to a cost-effectiveness advantage. The aim of this study is therefore to highlight the difference in cost-effectiveness between robotic and laparoscopic rectal resection.

Compositional brain scores capture Alzheimer's disease-specific structural brain patterns along the disease continuum.

Introduction: Traditional multivariate methods for neuroimaging studies overlook the interdependent relationship between brain features. This study addresses this gap by analyzing relative brain volumetric patterns to capture how Alzheimer's disease (AD) and genetics influence brain structure along the disease continuum.

Methods: This study analyzed data from participants across the AD continuum from the Alzheimer's and Families (ALFA) and Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) studies.

Pain Decrement Using Radiofrequency Therapy After Knee Platelet-Rich Plasma Injections Within First 72 h in Active Populations with Patellar Chondropathy.

To determine whether 448 kHz capacitive-resistive monopolar radiofrequency (CRMR) after platelet-rich-plasma (PRP) injections can further reduce pain sensation within the first 72 h in an active population with patellar chondropathy. One-hundred fifty-three active patients with patellar chondropathy grade II-III were followed for three days after PRP injections with and without CRMR under a control-placebo study. They were clinically evaluated for pain sensation using a visual analog scale ranging from zero (no pain sensation) to ten (highest pain sensation).

Outlining the Psychological Profile of Persistent Depression in Fibromyalgia Patients Through Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI).

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a complex condition marked by increased pain sensitivity and central sensitization. Studies often explore the link between FM and depressive anxiety disorders, but few focus on dysthymia or persistent depressive disorder (PDD), which can be more disabling than major depression (MD). To identify clinical scales and subscales of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) that effectively describe and differentiate the psychological profile of PDD, with or without comorbid MD, in FM patients with PDD previously dimensionally classified by the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory III (MCMI-III).

Phylogenetic Signal in Primate Tooth Enamel Proteins and its Relevance for Paleoproteomics.

Ancient tooth enamel, and to some extent dentin and bone, contain characteristic peptides that persist for long periods of time. In particular, peptides from the enamel proteome (enamelome) have been used to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships of fossil taxa. However, the enamelome is based on only about 10 genes, whose protein products undergo fragmentation in vivo and post mortem.

The Efficacy of Boxing Training on Patients with Parkinson's Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: This study aimed to systematically review the available evidence on the effects of boxing interventions on people with Parkinson disease.

Methods: Four electronic databases were searched systematically from their inception until December 2023. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database and Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies scales.

Associations between bone material strength index and FRAX scores.

Introduction: Impact microindentation (IMI) measures bone material strength index (BMSi) in vivo. However, its ability to predict fractures is still uncertain. This study aimed to determine the association between BMSi and 10 year fracture probability, as calculated by the FRAX algorithm.

Reform of economic evaluation of medicines in Spain: proposals from the Advisory Committee for Pharmaceutical Financing.

This paper describes the reforms recommended by the Advisory Committee on the Financing of Pharmaceuticals (CAPF) for the National Health System (NHS) of Spain from 2019 to 2024 for the drug pricing and reimbursement process, to integrate economic evaluations and improve efficiency and sustainability. The CAPF has proposed a three-phase reform of the economic evaluation (EE) and budget impact analysis (BIA) processes. The first phase involves the mandatory submission of EE and BIA by applicants for new drugs.