An infrared, Raman, and X-ray database of battery interphase components.

Further improvements to lithium-ion and emerging battery technologies can be enabled by an improved understanding of the chemistry and working mechanisms of interphases that form at electrochemically active battery interfaces. However, it is difficult to collect and interpret spectra of interphases for several reasons, including the presence of a variety of compounds. To address this challenge, we herein present a vibrational spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction data library of ten compounds that have been identified as interphase constituents in lithium-ion or emerging battery chemistries.

Identifying the Knowledge and Capacity Gaps in Southeast Asian Insect Conservation.

Insects represent most of terrestrial animal biodiversity, and multiple reports suggest that their populations are declining globally due to anthropogenic impacts. Yet, a high proportion of insect species remain undescribed and limited data on their population dynamics hamper insect conservation efforts. This is particularly critical in tropical biodiversity hotspots such as Southeast Asia.

Human disease-causing missense genetic variants are enriched in the evolutionarily ancient domains of the cytosolic aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase proteins.

All life depends on accurate and efficient protein synthesis. The aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) are a family of proteins that play an essential role in protein translation, as they catalyze the esterification reaction that charges a transfer RNA (tRNA) with its cognate amino acid. However, new domains added to the aaRSs over the course of evolution in eukaryotes confer novel functions unrelated to protein translation.

Advancing theory-driven research in the psychological science of adult development and aging.

Theory is critical for a developmental science that explains age-related change and stability in psychological phenomena-and their variation across generational and sociocultural contexts. This special issue presents four contributions that advance theoretical approaches to the psychological science of adult development and aging. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Mary Main's concept of conditional strategies: influences on studies of child-parent and adult romantic attachments.

Among Mary Main's many vital contributions to the field of attachment is the idea that human infants develop adaptive in the service of maintaining proximity to a secure base in light of a particular caregiving history. In this tribute paper, we describe Main's original theorizing, which delineated three types of conditional strategies: a primary strategy and two secondary strategies of or the naturally occurring output of the attachment behavioral system, using a variety of cognitive, affective, and behavioral means. We review the large body of evidence for minimizing and maximizing strategies in infancy, childhood, adolescence, and adulthood.

Parenthood and gene expression of oxytocin receptors and vasopressin receptors in sensory cortices of the male California mouse (Peromyscus californicus).

The onset of parental care is associated with shifts in parents' perception of sensory stimuli from infants, mediated by neural plasticity in sensory systems. In new mothers, changes in auditory and olfactory processing have been linked to plasticity at several points along both sensory pathways, including cortical changes that are modulated, at least in part, by oxytocin. In males of biparental species, vasopressin, in addition to oxytocin, is important for modulating parental behavior; however, little is known about sensory plasticity in new fathers.

Tell Me about yourself: Analyzing self-referential language use in borderline personality disorder.

Depression and some other illnesses are associated with increased self-reference and negative emotion in language. Research findings on lexical patterns in Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) have been inconsistent. We conducted two studies to evaluate lexical markers of distress in BPD: First compared to healthy controls (HC), and later compared to Post-Traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients and trauma-exposed controls (TC).

Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Sulfur Fluoride Exchange.

A new method uses metal Lewis acids as catalysts to convert sulfonyl fluorides, fluorosulfates, and sulfamoyl fluorides with silyl amines into S-N bond-containing compounds via sulfur fluoride exchange. The reaction successfully employs Ca(NTf) as a catalyst to form sulfonamides, sulfamates, and sulfamides using in situ-generated or commercially available silyl amines in 35-99% yields. Other metal Lewis acids are also demonstrated to be catalysts in SuFEx, forming sulfonamides and sulfamates in yields comparable to those of Ca(NTf).

Hypertension-induced heart failure disrupts cardiac sympathetic innervation.

About 26 million people worldwide live with heart failure (HF), and hypertension is the primary cause in 25% of these cases. Autonomic dysfunction and sympathetic hyperactivity accompany cardiovascular diseases, including HF. However, changes in cardiac sympathetic innervation in HF are not well understood.

Coordination of parent and adolescent attachment across time.

Adolescence is a period of rapid social changes that may have important implications for the ways adolescents think, feel, and behave in their close relationships. According to family systems theory, adolescents' attachment-related changes have the potential to spread throughout their family system, leading to coordinated changes in parents' and adolescents' attachment styles over time. The present study analyzed data from 205 adolescents ( = 14.

On network deconvolution for undirected graphs.

Network deconvolution (ND) is a method to reconstruct a direct-effect network describing direct (or conditional) effects (or associations) between any two nodes from a given network depicting total (or marginal) effects (or associations). Its key idea is that, in a directed graph, a total effect can be decomposed into the sum of a direct and an indirect effects, with the latter further decomposed as the sum of various products of direct effects. This yields a simple closed-form solution for the direct-effect network, facilitating its important applications to distinguish direct and indirect effects.

Disentangling three valence-related dimensions of emotion valuation: The good, the pleasant, and the desirable.

People place value on emotion categories that inform which emotions to cultivate and which to regulate in life. Here, we examined how people's beliefs about emotion categories varied along three valence-related dimensions: evaluation (good, bad), hedonic feeling (pleasure, displeasure), and desirability (want to feel, do not want to feel). In Studies 1A and 1B, we found that evaluative (good/bad) and hedonic (pleasant/unpleasant) ratings were distinct for certain emotions including lust, anger, shame, fear, and guilt.

Emotional engagement with close friends in adolescence predicts neural correlates of empathy in adulthood.

Empathy requires the ability to understand another's point of view and is critical for motivating a person to help others. However, little is known about the link between experiences of empathic emotional engagement in close friendships during adolescence and neural correlates of empathy in adulthood. Beginning in 1998,  = 88 participants drawn from a demographically diverse community sample were observed annually from ages 13 to 21 and rated on the amount of emotional engagement displayed toward a close friend during a support task.

Hyperscanning shows friends explore and strangers converge in conversation.

During conversation, people often endeavor to convey information in an understandable way (finding common ground) while also sharing novel or surprising information (exploring new ground). Here, we test how friends and strangers balance these two strategies to connect with each other. Using fMRI hyperscanning, we measure a preference for common ground as convergence over time and exploring new ground as divergence over time by tracking dyads' neural and linguistic trajectories over the course of semi-structured intimacy-building conversations.

Association of Auditory Interference and Ocular-Motor Response with Subconcussive Head Impacts in Adolescent Football Players.

The aim of this study was to examine whether neuro-ophthalmological function, as assessed by the King-Devick test (KDT), alters during a high school football season and to explore the role of auditory interference on the sensitivity of KDT. During the 2021 and 2022 high school football seasons, football players' neuro-ophthalmological function was assessed at five time points (preseason, three in-season, postseason), whereas control athletes were assessed at preseason and postseason. Two-hundred ten football players and 80 control athletes participated in the study.

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Savoring impacts parents' emotions and parent-child relationship quality. Using data from a randomized controlled trial (N = 164 mothers of 18-27-month-olds, 37 interveners) conducted with a community sample in the United States, this study examined predictors of fidelity and treatment outcomes across two savoring preventative interventions (relational savoring and personal savoring). Treatment outcome indicators were selected from a battery administered immediately post-intervention (maternal closeness to child) and at a 3-month follow-up (maternal sensitivity, reflective functioning).

The Emu Bay Shale: A unique early Cambrian Lagerstätte from a tectonically active basin.

The Emu Bay Shale (EBS) of South Australia is anomalous among Cambrian Lagerstätten because it captures anatomical information that is rare in Burgess Shale-type fossils, and because of its inferred nearshore setting, the nature of which has remained controversial. Intensive study, combining outcrop and borehole data with a compilation of >25,000 fossil specimens, reveals that the EBS biota inhabited a fan delta complex within a tectonically active basin. Preservation of soft-bodied organisms in this setting is unexpected and further underscores differences between the EBS and other Cambrian Lagerstätten.

Late Ordovician eurypterid preserves oldest euchelicerate musculature in pyrite.

Pyritization of soft tissues of invertebrates is rare in the fossil record. In New York State, it occurs in black shales of the Lorraine Group (Late Ordovician), the best-known example of which is Beecher's Trilobite Bed. Exceptional preservation at the quarry where this bed is exposed allowed detailed examination of trilobite and ostracod soft-tissue anatomy.

Hearing laughter: a prescription for anxiety relief.

Anxiety can have adverse effects on cognition such as impairing test performance or restricting working memory. One way of reducing anxiety is through humor, and the present research investigated if the perception of laughter, which is often seen as a reaction to humor, could impact self-reported anxiety. Participants completed the STAI battery containing subscales for both state and trait anxiety before and after one of three manipulations: a laughter sounds rating task, a neutral sounds rating task, or a working memory span task.

Poison to Promise: The Resurgence of Organophosphorus Fluoride Chemistry.

Organophosphorus(V) fluorides have a long and tumultuous history, with early applications as toxins and nerve agents reflecting their poisonous past. Behind these very real safety considerations, there is also growing potential in a wide range of fields, from chemical biology to drug development. The recent inclusion of organophosphorus(V) fluorides in click chemistry exemplifies the promise these compounds possess and brings these molecules to the brink of a resurgence.

Rapid volcanic ash entombment reveals the 3D anatomy of Cambrian trilobites.

Knowledge of Cambrian animal anatomy is limited by preservational processes that result in compaction, size bias, and incompleteness. We documented pristine three-dimensional (3D) anatomy of trilobites fossilized through rapid ash burial from a pyroclastic flow entering a shallow marine environment. Cambrian ellipsocephaloid trilobites from Morocco are articulated and undistorted, revealing exquisite details of the appendages and digestive system.

Fathers' contributions to attachment in adolescence and adulthood: the moderating role of race, gender, income, and residential status.

Fathers play a critical yet underappreciated role in adolescent development. To examine contributions of fathers' parenting to attachment in adolescence and adulthood, this longitudinal study followed 184 adolescents from ages 13-24. At age 13, adolescents reported on their fathers' parenting behavior and were observed in a father-teen conflict task; at ages 14 and 24, they completed the Adult Attachment Interview.