Anticholinesterase Activity and Bioactive Compound Profiling of Six Hop ( L.) Varieties.

Hops ( L.) are widely recognized for their use in brewing, but they also possess significant pharmacological properties due to their rich bioactive compounds, with many varieties exhibiting diverse characteristics. This study investigates the chemical composition and biological activities of extracts from six hop varieties, focusing on quantifying xanthohumol and lupulone using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Total Phenolic Content (TPC) analysis.

Types of high-riding vertebral artery: a classification system for preoperative planning of C2 instrumentation based on 908 potential screw insertion sites.

Background Context: Our recent studies indicated that a high-riding vertebral artery (HRVA) is a common variant posing a risk of injuring the vessel during C2 instrumentation. However, several different types fit in the current definition of HRVA, which may require a different strategy for C2 screw placement.

Purpose: To classify HRVA and provide a clinical aid for preoperative planning of C2 instrumentation.

A prospective pilot study of gut microbiome in cerebral vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

A recent systematic review indicated that gut-microbiota-brain axis contributes to growth and rupture of intracranial aneurysms. However, gaps were detected in the role of intestinal microbiome in cerebral vasospasm (CVS) after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). This is the first pilot study aiming to test study feasibility and identify differences in gut microbiota between subjects with and without CVS following aSAH.

Indomethacin-responsive trigeminal autonomic cephalgias: a review of key characteristics and pathophysiology.

Trigeminal autonomic cephalgias (TACs) are a well-defined subset of uncommon primary headaches that share comparable onset, pathophysiology and symptom patterns. TACs are characterised by the presentation of one-sided and high-intensity trigeminal pain together with unilateral cranial autonomic signs, which can include lacrimation, rhinorrhea, and miosis. The International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd Edition recognises four different headache entities in this group, with cluster headache as the most recognised among them.

Differential DNA methylation associated with delayed cerebral ischemia after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a systematic review.

Recent studies suggest that differential DNA methylation could play a role in the mechanism of cerebral vasospasm (CVS) and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Considering the significance of this matter and a lack of effective prophylaxis against DCI, we aim to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding their associations with DNA methylation and identify the gaps for a future trial. PubMed MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched by two authors in three waves for relevant DNA methylation association studies in DCI after aSAH.

Extremely Rare Complications in Uniportal Spinal Endoscopy: A Systematic Review with Unique Case Analyses.

Endoscopic spine surgery represents a significant advancement in the minimally invasive treatment of spinal disorders, promising reduced surgical invasiveness while aiming to maintain or improve clinical outcomes. This study undertakes a comprehensive review of the literature on endoscopic spine surgery, with a particular focus on cataloging and analyzing the range of complications, from common postoperative issues to more severe, casuistic outcomes like dural tears and nerve damage. Our methodology encompassed a detailed review of meta-analyses, prospective randomized trials, cohort studies, and case reports to capture a broad spectrum of complications associated with endoscopic spine techniques.

Long-Term Outcomes After Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Pediatric Brain Arteriovenous Malformations: A Systematic Review.

Background: The long-term outcomes after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for pediatric brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) remain poorly understood given the paucity of longitudinal studies. A systematic review was conducted to pool cumulative incidences for all outcomes.

Methods: PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were queried to systematically extract potential references.

Evaluation of PHASES Score for Predicting Rupture of Intracranial Aneurysms: Significance of Aneurysm Size.

Background: Recent data have identified that certain risk factors for rupture differ between small and larger intracranial aneurysms (IAs). Such differing risk factors make up 5 out of the 6 predictor variables used in the PHASES score, which raises the question on whether IA size has a significant effect on the score's performance.

Methods: Patients who were diagnosed with an IA incidentally or due to a subarachnoid hemorrhage between 2015 and 2023 were selected for potential inclusion.

External validation of the Chicago Chiari Outcome Scale in adults with Chiari malformation type I.

Objective: The Chicago Chiari Outcome Scale (CCOS) serves as a standardized clinical outcome evaluation tool among patients with Chiari malformation type I (CM-I). While the reliability of this scale has been proven for pediatric patients, the literature lacks CCOS validation when used solely in adults. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the validity of the CCOS in an external cohort of adult patients.

Does SARS-CoV-2 Affect Human Semen? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Contradictory results have been reported regarding effects of the SARS-CoV-2 upon human semen. A timely and up-to-date systematic review with meta-analysis appears necessary. This study aimed to deliver pooled prevalence (PP) of SARS-CoV-2 in semen and pooled semen parameters as compared with the uninfected.

External validation of the Ruptured Arteriovenous Malformation Grading Scale (RAGS) in a multicenter adult cohort.

Purpose: While Ruptured Arteriovenous Malformation Grading Scale (RAGS) has recently been validated in children, the literature lacks validation on adults exclusively. Therefore, we aimed to determine the validity of RAGS on the external multicenter adult cohort and compare its accuracy with other scales.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed in five neurosurgical departments to extract patients who presented with the first episode of acute brain arteriovenous malformation (bAVM) rupture between 2012 and 2019.

Latest models for the discovery and development of rheumatoid arthritis drugs.

Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that reduces the quality of life. The current speed of development of therapeutic agents against RA is not satisfactory. Models on which initial experiments are conducted do not fully reflect human pathogenesis.

Prevalence of high-riding vertebral arteries and narrow C2 pedicles among Central-European population: a computed tomography-based study.

High-riding vertebral artery (HRVA) and narrow C2 pedicles (C2P) pose a great risk of injuring the vessel during C2 pedicle or transarticular screw placement. Recent meta-analysis revealed a paucity of European studies regarding measurements and prevalence of these anatomical variants. Three hundred eighty-three consecutive cervical spine CT scans with 766 potential screw insertion sites were analyzed independently by two trained observers.

Global incidence of spinal perineural Tarlov's cysts and their morphological characteristics: a meta-analysis of 13,266 subjects.

Background: Spinal perineural Tarlov's cysts (TCs) are considered incidental findings that occasionally might exert pressure upon nerve roots and correspond with patients' signs and symptoms. Purpose of this meta-analysis is to deliver global incidence and characteristics (location, size, and shape) of TCs.

Methods: Following PRISMA checklist, all major databases were searched by two authors for radiologic studies reporting incidence and morphologic features (location, size, and shape) of TCs.

Risk of the high-riding variant of vertebral arteries at C2 is increased over twofold in rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) might lead to atlantoaxial instability requiring transpedicular or transarticular fusion. High-riding vertebral artery (HRVA) puts patients at risk of injuring the vessel. RA is hypothesized to increase a risk of HRVA.

Management of post-traumatic craniovertebral junction dislocation: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis of casereports.

Although historically considered fatal, with the advent of improved pre-hospital care, traumatic dislocation of the craniovertebral junction (CVJ) has been increasing in prevalence in neurosurgical centers. As more survivors are reported each year, a timely review with meta-analysis of their management seems necessary. PRISMA checklist was followed step by step.

Acute-on-Chronic Vertex Epidural Hematoma with Diastasis of the Sagittal Suture in an Adult.

Background: Vertex epidural hematoma (VEDH) is a rare intracranial mass constituting roughly 2.5% of all epidural hematomas. Bleeding usually derives from the superior sagittal sinus, and presentation is often acute-seldom chronic.