782,556 results match your criteria: "Policy & Rehabilitation; Cicely Saunders Institute; King's College London[Affiliation]"

Purpose: To describe physical activity (PA) trajectories across 10 years post-breast cancer diagnosis and examine their association with quality of life (QoL).

Methods: Participants from the longitudinal Study of Women's Health Across the Nation who developed incident breast cancer completed the Quality of Life in Adult Cancer Survivors scale (QLACS) which has 12 domains. Breast cancer survivors (BCS) with at least one post-diagnosis measure of the Kaiser Physical Activity Survey (PA) were included (n = 96).

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Introduction: SRS for the treatment of limited brain metastases (BM) is widely accepted, but there are still limitations in the management of numerous BM. Frameless single-isocenter multitarget SRS is a novel technique that allows for rapid treatment delivery to multiple BM. We report our preliminary clinical, dosimetric, and patient´s shifts outcomes with this technique.

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Objectives: Paravertebral crystal deposition disease, characterized by the deposition of crystals around the vertebral bodies leading to acute inflammation and pain, is a condition that remains largely unrecognized. This study aims to elucidate the prevalence, clinical features, and CT findings associated with this disease.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 14,839 consecutive patients who underwent chest and/or abdominal CT (September 2017 to September 2024) owing to chest, abdominal, or back pain.

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In recent years, circRNAs have garnered increasing attention for their role in cervical cancer. However, the functions of many newly identified circRNAs remain unclear and require further exploration. In this study, we investigated the expression and oncogenic potential of the novel circRNA circSTX6 in cervical cancer.

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Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers among men worldwide, and robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) is a widely used treatment for localized PCa. Achieving pentafecta outcomes, which include continence, potency, cancer control, free surgical margins, and no major complications, is a critical measure of surgical success and long-term prognosis. However, predicting these outcomes remains challenging.

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Social withdrawal is a widespread phenomenon among adolescents, presenting significant challenges in understanding its aetiology and dynamics. This study, drawing on data from two cross-sectional surveys conducted in 2019 and 2022 on students in public upper secondary schools, investigates the trend of self-isolation among Italian adolescents before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The two nationally representative samples comprise 3273 and 4288 participants, respectively, with 46.

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Two-layer homolog network approach for PFAS nontarget screening and retrospective data mining.

Nat Commun

January 2025

State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.

The rapid increase of novel per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) raises concerns, while their identification remains challenging. Here, we develop a two-layer homolog network approach for PFAS nontarget screening using mass spectrometry. The first layer constructs networks between homologs, with evaluation showing that it filters 94% of false candidates.

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Dynamically reconfigurable acoustofluidic metasurface for subwavelength particle manipulation and assembly.

Nat Commun

January 2025

Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Lab, Canary Center at Stanford, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, California, CA, USA.

Particle manipulation plays a pivotal role in scientific and technological domains such as materials science, physics, and the life sciences. Here, we present a dynamically reconfigurable acoustofluidic metasurface that enables precise trapping and positioning of microscale particles in fluidic environments. By harnessing acoustic-structure interaction in a passive membrane resonator array, we generate localized standing acoustic waves that can be reconfigured in real-time.

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Background: This study seeks to analyze the trajectories of residential satisfaction among older adults before and after relocation and explore the variability in the relationship between relocation and residential satisfaction based on changes in housing conditions during the relocation process.

Methods: Utilizing a nationally representative longitudinal dataset of older adults (N = 2718), this study employs individual-level fixed effect regression models to estimate the association between the timing of relocation and residential satisfaction. Stratified analyses are also conducted to explore how this association varies based on changes in housing conditions.

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Background: The accuracy of low birth weight (LBW) and small for gestational age (SGA) in administrative healthcare records is crucial for perinatal studies but has few validity studies.

Methods: Using 1999-2010 MAX linked to birth certificates (BC), we identified mother-infant dyads (≥30 days enrollment after delivery, with valid gestational age (GA) and birth weight (BW)). LBW and SGA were identified based on ICD-9-CM codes.

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Precarious employment (PE) is a major determinant of population health and contributor to health and social inequities. The purpose of this article is to synthesize and critically appraise available evidence on labor market initiatives addressing PE identified through a systematic review. Of the 21 initiatives reviewed, grouped into four categories-labor market policies, legislation, and reforms; union strategies; apprenticeships and other youth programs; social protection programs-10 showed consistently positive outcomes and 11 a combination of negative, mixed, or inconclusive outcomes.

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An ML-Enhanced Laser-Based Methane Slip Sensor Using Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy.

ACS Sens

January 2025

Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2054-6250 Applied Science Lane, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.

Natural gas (NG) is a promising alternative to diesel for sustainable transport, potentially reducing GHG and air quality emissions significantly. However, the GHG benefits hinge on managing methane slip, the unburned methane in the exhaust of NG engines, which carries a significant global warming potential. The CH slip from NG engines is highly dependent on engine type and operation, and effective greenhouse gas emission mitigation requires that the actual operation of real-world engines is monitored.

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Community Views of Determinants of Men's Wellbeing in Guatemala: A Study Using Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping.

Community Health Equity Res Policy

January 2025

Participatory Research at McGill (CIET-PRAM), Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.

Background: In post-conflict Guatemala, Indigenous men's psychological distress has been linked to violence exposure, disrupted social support systems, and structural inequities.

Purpose: We aimed to document how communities themselves understand men's wellbeing and the factors that influence men's wellbeing.

Research Design And Study Sample: Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping with 20 stakeholder groups in Santiago Atitlán and Cuilco, Guatemala defined men's wellbeing in local terms and identified the influences community groups understood to promote and detract from men's wellbeing.

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Background: We performed a retrospective comparative study to clarify the optimal gallbladder drainage method prior to elective cholecystectomy.

Methods: We collected data from the Diagnosis Procedure Combination database about cholecystitis patients who underwent gallbladder drainage prior to cholecystectomy in a subsequent hospitalization between April 2014 and March 2020. We divided the study population into two groups: an endoscopic gallbladder stenting (EGBS) group and a percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGBD) group.

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Objectives: This study evaluated the representation of black researchers as authors of articles published in four peer-reviewed journals with the highest impact factors (IFs) in the field of sports science and sports medicine.

Methods: An analysis was conducted on articles published between 2018 and 2022 in four leading sports science journals with high IFs (2022): The British Journal of Sports Medicine, Journal of Sport and Health Science, Sports Medicine and Exercise Immunology Review. Data extraction from the articles included the researcher's names, sex/gender, total number of authors, number of black authors, their position in the author list, publication year, article title and type and digital object identifier.

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Background: Ex-vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) has potential to expand donor lung utilization, evaluate allograft viability, and mitigate ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, trends in EVLP use and recipient outcomes are unknown on a national scale. We examined trends in EVLP use and recipient outcomes in the United States.

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Background/aims: Large language models (LLMs) have substantial potential to enhance the efficiency of academic research. The accuracy and performance of LLMs in a systematic review, a core part of evidence building, has yet to be studied in detail.

Methods: We introduced two LLM-based approaches of systematic review: an LLM-enabled fully automated approach (LLM-FA) utilising three different GPT-4 plugins (Consensus GPT, Scholar GPT and GPT web browsing modes) and an LLM-facilitated semi-automated approach (LLM-SA) using GPT4's Application Programming Interface (API).

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In South Korea, growing frustration among medical doctors over government healthcare policies, such as increasing medical student intake, has led to a surge in doctors considering practicing medicine abroad. Despite efforts to address specialty shortages, 82% of doctors believe these policies fail to tackle underlying issues like low compensation and legal protections for high-risk procedures. Engaging with public health perspectives, physicians can frame healthcare challenges and advocate for policy change.

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