The Incidence and Impact of In-Hospital Bleeding in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic increased the complexity of the clinical management and pharmacological treatment of patients presenting with an Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS).

Aim: to explore the incidence and prognostic impact of in-hospital bleeding in patients presenting with ACS before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: We evaluated in-hospital Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) major and minor bleeding among 2851 patients with ACS from 17 Italian centers during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (i.

ERS International Congress 2021: highlights from the Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation Assembly.

The thoracic surgery and lung transplantation assembly of the European Respiratory Society (ERS) is delighted to present the highlights from the 2021 ERS International Congress. We have selected four sessions that discussed recent advances across a wide range of topics including: digital health surveillance in thoracic surgery, emerging concepts in pulmonary metastasectomy, advances in mesothelioma care, and novel developments in lung graft allocation and monitoring. The sessions are summarised by early career members in close collaboration with the assembly faculty.

The Connection Between Physical Exercise and Gut Microbiota: Implications for Competitive Sports Athletes.

Gut microbiota refers to those microorganisms in the human digestive tract that display activities fundamental in human life. With at least 4 million different bacterial types, the gut microbiota is composed of bacteria that are present at levels sixfold greater than the total number of cells in the entire human body. Among its multiple functions, the microbiota helps promote the bioavailability of some nutrients and the metabolization of food, and protects the intestinal mucosa from the aggression of pathogenic microorganisms.

Management of fever in infants and children in the emergency setting and during home discharge: recommendations from an Italian panel.

In infants and children, fever is very common in the emergency setting. The overall aim of the present publication was to overview guidance and provide an algorithm for use in the emergency setting as well as recommendations to inform parents for home care. To obtain consensus, a core steering committee drafted a management algorithm and general consensus was obtained by remote voting among experts.

The Intestinal Microbiota May Be a Potential Theranostic Tool for Personalized Medicine.

The human intestine is colonized by a huge number of microorganisms from the moment of birth. This set of microorganisms found throughout the human body, is called the microbiota; the microbiome indicates the totality of genes that the microbiota can express, i.e.

Neurological Presentation of Giant Pituitary Tumour Apoplexy: Case Report and Literature Review of a Rare but Life-Threatening Condition.

Background: Giant pituitary adenomas are benign intracranial tumours with a diameter ≥4 cm. Even if hormonally non-functional, they may still cause local extension, leading to symptoms that include mostly gland dysfunction, mass effects, and, much less frequently, apoplexy due to haemorrhage or infarction. Neurological presentation of giant pituitary tumour apoplexy is even more rare and has not been systematically reviewed.

Peripheral Purinergic Modulation in Pediatric Orofacial Inflammatory Pain Affects Brainstem Nitroxidergic System: A Translational Research.

Physiology of orofacial pain pathways embraces primary afferent neurons, pathologic changes in the trigeminal ganglion, brainstem nociceptive neurons, and higher brain function regulating orofacial nociception. The goal of this study was to investigate the nitroxidergic system alteration at brainstem level (spinal trigeminal nucleus), and the role of peripheral P2 purinergic receptors in an experimental mouse model of pediatric inflammatory orofacial pain, to increase knowledge and supply information concerning orofacial pain in children and adolescents, like pediatric dentists and pathologists, as well as oro-maxillo-facial surgeons, may be asked to participate in the treatment of these patients. The experimental animals were treated subcutaneously in the perioral region with pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulphonic acid (PPADS), a P2 receptor antagonist, 30 minutes before formalin injection.

Sustained right ventricular dysfunction in severe COVID-19: The role of disseminated intravascular coagulation.

Background: Acute right ventricular (RV) failure is common in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Compared to the conventional echocardiographic parameters, right ventricular longitudinal strain (RVLS) is more sensitive and accurate for the diagnosis of RV systolic dysfunction.

Objective: Our purpose was to investigate the sustained RV dysfunction echo-quantified by RVLS in patients recovered from severe COVID-19.

Improving Healthcare Workers' Adherence to Surgical Safety Checklist: The Impact of a Short Training.

Background: Although surgery is essential in healthcare, a significant number of patients suffer unfair harm while undergoing surgery. Many of these originate from failures in non-technical aspects, especially communication among operators. A surgical safety checklist is a simple tool that helps to reduce surgical adverse events, but even if it is fast to fill out, its compilation is often neglected by the healthcare workers because of unprepared cultural background.

Possible role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 in the progression of human colon precancerous lesions.

Background: Increased levels of oxidative stress/cell inflammation contribute to colorectal cancer (CRC) onset. Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its controlled growth factor erv1-like (Gfer) gene regulate redox-sensitive and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, respectively, which can contribute to promoting cancer development.

Aim: We evaluated Nrf2 and Gfer RNA expression and Nrf2 protein expression in colon mucosa in order to establish their possible involvement in the early stage of CRC.

Impact of Right Ventricular-Pulmonary Circulation Coupling on Mortality in SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

Background The COVID-19-related pulmonary effects may negatively impact pulmonary hemodynamics and right ventricular function. We examined the prognostic relevance of right ventricular function and right ventricular-to-pulmonary circulation coupling assessed by bedside echocardiography in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia and a large spectrum of disease independently of indices of pneumonia severity and left ventricular function. Methods and Results Consecutive COVID-19 subjects who underwent full cardiac echocardiographic evaluation along with gas analyses and computed tomography scans were included in the study.

Atrial functional mitral regurgitation: The concept has evolved, but inconsistencies still remain.

In our commentary we elucidated the fact that functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) is divided into two morphological subtypes: annular dilation with normal leaflet motion (Carpentier type I) and restricted systolic motion with left ventricular remodeling or dysfunction (Carpentier type IIIb). However, these phenotypes show some degree of overlap and there are currently no distinctive diagnostic cut-off values, therefore they may represent a continuum of the same disease. Moreover, correct left chambers quantification is critical for differentiating between atrial FMR and ventricular FMR.

: A historical study on the origins of leprosy and its social stigma.

This article aims to investigate about the social stigma and the prejudice of society towards the patients with leprosy, but also to understand how this infectious disease has largely influenced human lifestyle and evolution analyzing the evolution of its treatments from past empirical treatments to actual multidrug therapy (MDT). References on leprosy were extensively searched in literature using PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Springer link and Elsevier's (EMBASE.com) databases, but also in medical, religious and archaeological books.

Can Fraction of Inspired Oxygen Predict Extubation Failure in Preterm Infants?

Background: Prolonged mechanical ventilation in preterm infants may cause complications. We aimed to analyze the variables affecting extubation outcomes in preterm infants at high risk of extubation failure.

Methods: This was a single-center, observational, retrospective study.

The war against bacteria, from the past to present and beyond.

Introduction: The human defense against microorganisms dates back to the ancient civilizations, with attempts to use substances from vegetal, animal, or inorganic origin to fight infections. Today, the emerging threat of multidrug-resistant bacteria highlights the consequences of antibiotics inappropriate use, and the urgent need for novel effective molecules.

Methods And Materials: We extensively researched on more recent data within PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, Elsevier's EMBASE, Cochrane Review for the modern pharmacology in between 1987 - 2021.

Challenges to Antimicrobial Stewardship in the Countries of the Arab League: Concerns of Worsening Resistance during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Proposed Solutions.

The COVID-19 pandemic is expected to worsen the global problem of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). There is a heightened interest in understanding this effect and to develop antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) interventions accordingly to curb this threat. Our paper aims to evaluate the potential magnitude of COVID-19 on AMR and AMS with a focus on the countries of the Arab league, given the social, political, and economic environments.

The Association between Nutritional Alterations and Oral Lesions in a Pediatric Population: An Epidemiological Study.

The oral conditions of an individual are the result of different factors, including the subject's genotype, oral hygiene habits, the type of diet, and lifestyle, such as smoking. Nutrition in the first years of life can affect dental health for a long time. To prevent mouth diseases, it is also important to eliminate unfavorable eating behaviour and to amplify protective ones.

Combined Resistance to Ceftolozane-Tazobactam and Ceftazidime-Avibactam in Extensively Drug-Resistant (XDR) and Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) : Resistance Predictors and Impact on Clinical Outcomes Besides Implications for Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs.

A retrospective case-control study was conducted at Modena University Hospital from December 2017 to January 2019 to identify risk factors and predictors of MDR/XDR (PA) isolation with resistance to ceftazidime/avibactam (CZA) and ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T), and of mortality among patients infected/colonized. Among 111 PA isolates from clinical/surveillance samples, 60 (54.1%) were susceptible to both drugs (S-CZA-C/T), while 27 (24.

The Prognostic Impact of Estimated Creatinine Clearance by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis in Heart Failure: Comparison of Different eGFR Formulas.

The estimation of glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) provides prognostic information in patients with heart failure (HF). Bioelectrical impedance analysis may calculate eGFR (Donadio formula). The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the Donadio formula in predicting all-cause mortality in patients with HF as compared to Cockroft-Gault, MDRD-4 (Modification of Diet in renal Disease Study), and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) formulas.

The Common Combination of Aortic Stenosis with Mitral Regurgitation: Diagnostic Insight and Therapeutic Implications in the Modern Era of Advanced Echocardiography and Percutaneous Intervention.

The combination of aortic stenosis (AS) and mitral regurgitation (MR) is common in patients with degenerative valvular disease. It is characterized by having complex pathophysiology, leading to potential diagnostic pitfalls. Evidence is scarce in the literature to direct the diagnostic framework and treatment of patients with this particular combination of multiple valvular diseases.

Conduction delays after transcatheter aortic valve implantation with balloon-expandable prosthesis and high implantation technique.

Performing transcatheter aortic valve implantation with high implantation technique, i.e. with an aorto-ventricular ratio > 60/40, reduces the need of permanent pacemaker implantation.

Stress Echo 2030: The Novel ABCDE-(FGLPR) Protocol to Define the Future of Imaging.

With stress echo (SE) 2020 study, a new standard of practice in stress imaging was developed and disseminated: the ABCDE protocol for functional testing within and beyond CAD. ABCDE protocol was the fruit of SE 2020, and is the seed of SE 2030, which is articulated in 12 projects: 1-SE in coronary artery disease (SECAD); 2-SE in diastolic heart failure (SEDIA); 3-SE in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (SEHCA); 4-SE post-chest radiotherapy and chemotherapy (SERA); 5-Artificial intelligence SE evaluation (AI-SEE); 6-Environmental stress echocardiography and air pollution (ESTER); 7-SE in repaired Tetralogy of Fallot (SETOF); 8-SE in post-COVID-19 (SECOV); 9: Recovery by stress echo of conventionally unfit donor good hearts (RESURGE); 10-SE for mitral ischemic regurgitation (SEMIR); 11-SE in valvular heart disease (SEVA); 12-SE for coronary vasospasm (SESPASM). The study aims to recruit in the next 5 years (2021-2025) ≥10,000 patients followed for ≥5 years (up to 2030) from ≥20 quality-controlled laboratories from ≥10 countries.