Construction of a Robust Cofactor Self-Sufficient Bienzyme Biocatalytic System for Dye Decolorization and its Mathematical Modeling.

A triphenylmethane reductase derived from sp. KCTC 18061P was coupled with a glucose 1-dehydrogenase from sp. ZJ to construct a cofactor self-sufficient bienzyme biocatalytic system for dye decolorization.

Characterizing spatial distribution of chlorophyll a in the Southern Ocean on a circumpolar cruise in summer.

The spatial variation of chlorophyll a in the Southern Ocean (SO) was of great significance. Sea surface chlorophyll a concentrations was measured by Ferry Box monitoring system on the Chinese polar research vessel Xue Long, which circumnavigated the Antarctic continent in a clockwise direction during the austral summer 2013-2014 (November 2013-April 2014). The concentrations of chlorophyll a indicated a relatively uniform distribution of 0.

H Metabolism revealed by metagenomic analysis of subglacial sediment from East Antarctica.

Subglacial ecosystems harbor diverse chemoautotrophic microbial communities in areas with limited organic carbon, and lithological H produced during glacial erosion has been considered an important energy source in these ecosystems. To verify the H-utilizing potential there and to identify the related energy-converting metabolic mechanisms of these communities, we performed metagenomic analysis on subglacial sediment samples from East Antarctica with and without H supplementation. Genes coding for several [NiFe]-hydrogenases were identified in raw sediment and were enriched after H incubation.

Water masses influence bacterioplankton community structure in summer Kongsfjorden.

To ascertain the saying "Everything is everywhere, but the environment selects", it was imperative to find out the main factor influencing bacterioplankton composition at genus level of Kongsfjorden where was influenced both by glacier melting water and Atlantic water. Thus, bacterioplankton diversity was investigated using pyrosequencing. In addition, nutrients, chlorophyll a, in situ temperature and salinity were measured.

sp. nov., isolated from soil sampled at Fildes Peninsula, Antarctica.

Strain YZ-8, isolated from soil sampled at Fildes Peninsula, Antarctica, was found to be a Gram-stain-negative, yellow-pigmented, oxidase- and catalase-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped and aerobic bacterium. Strain YZ-8 grewoptimally at pH 7.0 and 20 °C.

sp. nov., isolated from Antarctic soil.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped, cold-tolerant bacterium, designated F01003, was isolated from soil sampled near Happiness Bay on the west coast of Antarctica. Strain F01003 was found to grow at 4-30 °C (optimum, 25 °C), pH 5.5-8.

Fast inflows as the adjacent fuel of supermassive black hole accretion disks in quasars.

Quasars, which are exceptionally bright objects at the centres (or nuclei) of galaxies, are thought to be produced through the accretion of gas into disks surrounding supermassive black holes. There is observational evidence at galactic and circumnuclear scales that gas flows inwards towards accretion disks around black holes, and such an inflow has been measured at the scale of the dusty torus that surrounds the central accretion disk. At even smaller scales, inflows close to an accretion disk have been suggested to explain the results of recent modelling of the response of gaseous broad emission lines to continuum variations.

sp. nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of .

A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, red-coloured and aerobic bacterium, designated 2b14, was isolated from rhizosphere soil of sampled at the Chinese Arctic Yellow River Station in Norway. Optimal growth occurred at 28 °C (range, 4-37 °C) and pH 7.0-7.

An integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analysis reveals toxin arsenal of a novel Antarctic jellyfish Cyanea sp.

Jellyfish is a common toxic zooplankton in ocean. We successfully captured a kind of jellyfish 200 m underwater in Antarctica, and identified it as a jellyfish Cyanea sp. through morphological examination and MT-CO1 phylogenetic analysis.

sp. nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of the Arctic tundra.

A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, aerobic, short rod-shaped bacterium, designated OD32, was isolated from a soil sample taken from the rhizosphere of collected from the Arctic tundra. The novel strain, OD32, was able to grow at 15-37 °C (optimum, 33 °C), pH 6.5-9.

Pedobacter changchengzhani sp. nov., isolated from soil of Antarctica.

A Gram-negative, aerobic, non-motile, pink and rod-shaped bacterium, designated E01020, was isolated from soil collected from the Chinese Great Wall Station, Antarctica. Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain E01020 is a member of the genus Pedobacter, related to Pedobacter alluvionis DSM 19624 (96.8% similarity), Pedobacter agri JCM 15120 (96.

Biosynthetic Potential of a Novel Antarctic Actinobacterium ZS314 Revealed by Genomic Data Mining and Pigment Characterization.

Rare actinobacterial species are considered as potential resources of new natural products. ZS314 is the only type strain of the novel actinobacterial genus isolated from intertidal sediments in East Antarctica. The strain ZS314 was able to produce reddish orange pigments at low temperatures, showing characteristics of carotenoids.

Diversity of Dimethylsulfoniopropionate Degradation Genes Reveals the Significance of Marine Roseobacter Clade in Sulfur Metabolism in Coastal Areas of Antarctic Maxwell Bay.

Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is an organic sulfur compound that occurs in large amounts in oceans around the world, and it plays an important role in the global sulfur cycle. DMSP released into seawater can be rapidly catabolized by bacteria via two pathways, namely, demethylation or cleavage pathway. Members of the Roseobacter clade frequently possess enzymes involved in the DMSP demethylation or cleavage pathway.

Small-Scale Soil Microbial Community Heterogeneity Linked to Landform Historical Events on King George Island, Maritime Antarctica.

Although research on microbial biogeography has made great progress in the past decade, distributions of terrestrial microbial communities in extreme environments such as Antarctica are not well understood. In addition, knowledge of whether and how historical contingencies affect microbial distributions at small spatial scales is lacking. Here, we analyzed soil-borne microbial (bacterial, archaeal, and fungal) communities in 12 quadrat plots around the Fildes Region of King George Island, maritime Antarctica, and the communities were divided into two groups according to the soil elemental compositions and environmental attributes of Holocene raised beach and Tertiary volcanic stratigraphy.

Design and Performance Analysis of a Multilayer Sea Ice Temperature Sensor Used in Polar Region.

Temperature profiles of sea ice have been recorded more than a few decades. However, few high-precision temperature sensors can complete the observation of temperature profile of sea ice, especially in extreme environments. At present, the most widely used sea ice observation instruments can reach an accuracy of sea ice temperature measurement of 0.

Viral Diversity and Its Relationship With Environmental Factors at the Surface and Deep Sea of Prydz Bay, Antarctica.

A viral metagenomic analysis of five surface and two bottom water (878 meters below surface, mbs, and 3,357 mbs) samples from Prydz Bay, was conducted during February-March 2015. The results demonstrated that most of the DNA viruses were dsDNA viruses (79.73-94.

Discrimination Algorithm and Procedure of Snow Depth and Sea Ice Thickness Determination Using Measurements of the Vertical Ice Temperature Profile by the Ice-tethered Buoys.

Snow depth and sea ice thickness in the Polar Regions are significant indicators of climate change and have been measured over several decades by ice-tethered buoys. However, sea ice temperature profiles measured by ice-tethered buoys are rarely used to infer snow depth and sea ice thickness owing to the lack of automatic discrimination algorithms, restricting the use of the data for sea ice thermodynamics studies. In this study, snow depth and sea ice thickness were retrieved through the measurements of sea ice temperature profiles using discrimination algorithms of the change point and the maximum likelihood detection methods.

sp. nov. (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta), a lichen epiphytic alga from Fildes Peninsula, Antarctica.

A single-celled green alga Shunan Cao & Qiming Zhou, , isolated from a specimen of Antarctic lichen (Vahl) Gray, is described and illustrated based on a comprehensive investigation of morphology, ultrastructure, ecology and phylogeny. The cells of are ovoid to long ellipsoidal and measured 3-5 µm × 6-12 µm. The new species has distinct ITS rDNA and SSU rDNA sequences and differs from the phylogenetic closely related species , and in cell size, distribution and habitat.

Heterologous Expression of a Thermostable β-1,3-Galactosidase and Its Potential in Synthesis of Galactooligosaccharides.

A thermostable β-1,3-galactosidase from sp. BSi20414 was successfully heterologously expressed in BL21 (DE3), with optimum over-expression conditions as follows: the recombinant cells were induced by adding 0.1 mM of IPTG to the medium when the OD of the culture reached between 0.

Multipartite genomes and the sRNome in response to temperature stress of an Arctic Pseudoalteromonas fuliginea BSW20308.

Little is known about the survival and effect of rapid climate warming on Pseudoalteromonas in the Arctic, although it is abundant and important in this ecosystem. Here, we investigated a cold-adapted Pseudoalteromonas fuliginea BSW20308 from the Arctic Ocean, from the genome to its transcriptomic responses towards temperature changes. It contained two circular chromosomes, with the second chromosome probably evolved from an ancestral plasmid.

Exploring the roles of substrate-binding surface of the chaperone site in the chaperone activity of trigger factor.

Trigger factor (TF) is a key component of the prokaryotic chaperone network, which is involved in many basic cellular processes, such as protein folding, protein trafficking, and ribosome assembly. The major chaperone site of TF has a cradle-like structure in which protein substrate may fold without interference from other proteins. Here, we investigated in vivo and in vitro the roles of hydrophobic and charged patches on the edge and interior of cradle during TF-assisted protein folding.

sp. nov. from the Antarctic lichen .

The single celled green alga Shunan Cao & Qiming Zhou, was isolated from the Antarctic torrential lichen (Jacq.) Bory. It is described and illustrated based on a comprehensive study of its morphology, ultrastructure, ecology and phylogeny.

The spatiotemporal inhomogeneity of pollutant concentrations and its dependence on regional weather conditions in a coastal city of China.

Hourly data for sulfur dioxide (SO), nitrogen oxides (NO), and inhalable particulate matter (PM) over a 33-month period from a network of air quality monitoring stations across Qingdao, a major coastal city in eastern China, along with surface and upper-air meteorological data, are used to characterize the spatiotemporal variability of these pollutants in the region and the role of meteorological conditions play in pollution episodes. Large differences in the concentrations of all three pollutants are found between densely populated or industrial areas and suburban commercial or residential or coastal tourist areas, but the differences are relatively small between older and newer parts of the residential-commercial areas and between old and newly developed industrial areas. Wavelet analyses revealed a strong seasonal cycle for all three pollutants, introseasonal variability with a periodicity depending on pollutant and location, and diurnal and a semi-diurnal variability with season-dependent amplitude and phase.

Secondary Metabolites of Antarctic Fungi Antagonistic to Aquatic Pathogenic Bacteria.

Polar microbial derived antibiotics have potential as alternatives to traditional antibiotics in treating fish against pathogenic bacteria. In this paper, 23 strains of polar fungi were fermented to detect bacteriostatic products on three aquatic pathogenic bacteria, subsequently the active fungus was identified. It was indicated that secondary metabolites of 23 strains weredistinct; of these, the extract of strain B-7 (belonging to according to molecular identification) demonstrated a strong antibacterial activity to , and ATCC7966 by Kirby-Bauerpaper strip method.

Perfluoroalkyl acids in surface seawater from the North Pacific to the Arctic Ocean: Contamination, distribution and transportation.

The bioaccumulative, persistent and toxic properties of long-chain perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) resulted in strict regulations on PFAAs, especially in developed countries. Consequently, the industry manufacturing of PFAAs shifts from long-chain to short-chain. In order to better understand the pollution situation of PFAAs in marine environment under this new circumstance, the occurrence of 17 linear PFAAs was investigated in 30 surface seawater samples from the North Pacific to Arctic Ocean (123°E to 24°W, 32 to 82°N) during the sixth Chinese Arctic Expedition in 2014.