Diversity of bacteria in surface ice of Austre Lovénbreen glacier, Svalbard.

Two 16S rRNA gene clone libraries Cores 1U and 2U were constructed using two ice core samples collected from Austre Lovénbreen glacier in Svalbard. The two libraries yielded a total of 262 clones belonging to 59 phylotypes. Sequences fell into 10 major lineages of the domain Bacteria, including Proteobacteria (alpha, beta, gamma and delta subdivisions), Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Acidobacteria, Deinococcus-Thermus, Chloroflexi, Planctomycetes, Cyanobacteria and candidate division TM7.

Hydrophysical correlation and water mass indication of optical physiological parameters of picophytoplankton in Prydz Bay during autumn 2008.

Flow cytometry (FCM) is efficient in detecting both abundance and optical physiological parameters including cell size and cellular carbon content-side scatter (SSC), carotenoids-green and orange fluorescence (FL1 and FL2), and red fluorescence-chlorophylls (FL3) can be obtained by FCM. The utilization of these physiological parameters in indicating water masses in Prydz Bay was investigated for the first time. Picophytoplankton were very sensitive to hydrophysical changes and present distinct characteristics of water masses: Picophytoplankton in water closer to the Amery Ice Shelf were more affected by salinity than by temperature, while temperature became more important than salinity the nearer the picophytoplankton were to the deep sea.

Pseudorhodobacter antarcticus sp. nov., isolated from Antarctic intertidal sandy sediment, and emended description of the genus Pseudorhodobacter Uchino et al. 2002 emend. Jung et al. 2012.

A Gram-negative, aerobic, non-motile, pink-pigmented and rod-shaped strain, designated ZS3-33(T), was isolated from Antarctic intertidal sandy sediment. The strain grew optimally at 15 °C and with 1.0 % (w/v) NaCl.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in snow, lake, surface runoff water and coastal seawater in Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica.

The multi-matrices samples from snow (n=4), lake water (n=4), surface runoff water (SRW) (n=1) and coastal seawater (n=10) were collected to investigate the spatial distribution and the composition profiles of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica in 2011. All samples were prepared by solid-phase extraction and analyzed by using high performance liquid chromatography/negative electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/(-)ESI-MS/MS). 14 PFASs in snow, 12 PFASs in lake water, 9 PFASs in SRW and 13 PFASs in coastal seawater were quantified, including C(4), C(7), C(8), C(10) PFSAs, C(4)-C(9), C(11)-C(14), C(16) PFCAs, and FOSA.

Fluxes, variability and sources of cadmium, lead, arsenic and mercury in dry atmospheric depositions in urban, suburban and rural areas.

In China's largest city, Shanghai, dry deposition fluxes of Cd, Pb, As and Hg were 137, 19354, 2897 and 9.4 μgm(-2)a(-1), respectively in an urban area, intermediate in a suburban area, and 51.7, 5311, 1703 and 7.

Polyfluorinated compounds in the atmosphere along a cruise pathway from the Japan Sea to the Arctic Ocean.

Neutral polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) were measured in high-volume air samples collected on board the research vessel Snow Dragon during the 4th Chinese National Arctic Expedition from the Japan Sea to the Arctic Ocean in 2010. Four volatile and semi-volatile PFASs (fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs), fluorotelomer acids (FTAs), perfluoroalkyl sulfonamides (FASAs), and sulfonamidoethanols (FASEs)) were analyzed respectively in the gas and particle phases. FTOHs were the dominant PFASs in the gas phase (61-358pgm(-3)), followed by FTAs (5.

Occurrence of perfluoroalkyl compounds in surface waters from the North Pacific to the Arctic Ocean.

Perfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) were determined in 22 surface water samples (39-76°N) and three sea ice core and snow samples (77-87°N) collected from North Pacific to the Arctic Ocean during the fourth Chinese Arctic Expedition in 2010. Geographically, the average concentration of ∑PFC in surface water samples were 560 ± 170 pg L(-1) for the Northwest Pacific Ocean, 500 ± 170 pg L(-1) for the Arctic Ocean, and 340 ± 130 pg L(-1) for the Bering Sea, respectively. The perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs) were the dominant PFC class in the water samples, however, the spatial pattern of PFCs varied.

Pricia antarctica gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the family Flavobacteriaceae, isolated from Antarctic intertidal sediment.

A yellow-coloured, rod-shaped, Gram-reaction- and Gram-staining-negative, non-motile and aerobic bacterium, designated strain ZS1-8(T), was isolated from a sample of sandy intertidal sediment collected from the Antarctic coast. Flexirubin-type pigments were absent. In phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain ZS1-8(T) formed a distinct phyletic line and the results indicated that the novel strain should be placed in a new genus within the family Flavobacteriaceae.

Marinobacter antarcticus sp. nov., a halotolerant bacterium isolated from Antarctic intertidal sandy sediment.

A Gram-staining-negative, aerobic, motile, oxidase- and catalase-positive, rod-shaped strain, designated ZS2-30(T), was isolated from Antarctic intertidal sandy sediment. The strain grew at 4-35 °C (optimum, 25 °C) and in 0-25% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 3.0-4.

Bacterial diversity and bioprospecting for cold-active hydrolytic enzymes from culturable bacteria associated with sediment from Nella Fjord, Eastern Antarctica.

The diversity and cold-active hydrolytic enzymes of culturable bacteria associated with sandy sediment from Nella Fjord, Eastern Antarctica (69°22'6″ S, 76°21'45″ E) was investigated. A total of 33 aerobic heterotrophic bacterial strains were isolated at 4 °C. These bacterial isolates could be sorted into 18 phylotypes based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence belonging to four phyla, namely Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria.

Huaishuia halophila gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from coastal seawater.

A novel Gram-negative, non-motile bacterium, designated ZXM137(T), was isolated from seawater collected from a coastal region of Qingdao, China, during a massive green algae (Enteromorpha prolifera) bloom. Strain ZXM137(T) was strictly aerobic and did not accumulate poly-β-hydroxybutyrate. Growth occurred with 0.

Content and distribution of trace metals in surface sediments from the northern Bering Sea, Chukchi Sea and adjacent Arctic areas.

Concentrations of trace metals (Zn, Cr, Cu, V, Cd and Pb), total organic carbon (TOC), black carbon (BC) and their granulometry were examined in 25 surface sediment samples from the northern Bering Sea, Chukchi Sea and adjacent areas. Trace metal concentrations in the sediments varied from 21.06-168.

Assessing phytoplankton using a two-rank database based on excitation-emission fluorescence spectra.

The feasibility of using a two-rank database of reference spectra based on in vivo fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEMs) spectra to assess dominant groups of phytoplankton was explored. Twenty-six species belonging to 20 genera of seven divisions were studied. First, fluorescent characteristics of these EEMs were extracted using Daubechies-7 wavelet analysis.

Glaciecola arctica sp. nov., isolated from Arctic marine sediment.

A Gram-negative, motile, psychrotolerant, oxidase- and catalase-positive bacterium, designated BSs20135(T), was isolated from Arctic marine sediment. Cells were straight or slightly curved rods and formed circular, convex and yellowish-brown colonies. Buds and prosthecae could be produced.

Bacillus beringensis sp. nov., a psychrotolerant bacterium isolated from the Bering Sea.

Psychrotolerant Bacillus-like strains BR035(T) and BR011 were isolated from seawater of the Bering Sea and were characterized by means of a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that these strains were related to the members of the genus Bacillus and had the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Bacillus korlensis ZLC-26(T). DNA-DNA hybridization experiments confirmed that strains BR035(T) and BR011 belonged to the same species and were distinct from their closest relatives.

Roseicitreum antarcticum gen. nov., sp. nov., an aerobic bacteriochlorophyll a-containing alphaproteobacterium isolated from Antarctic sandy intertidal sediment.

A novel Gram-negative, non-motile bacterium, designated strain ZS2-28(T), was isolated from sandy intertidal sediment samples collected from the coastal regions of the Chinese Antarctic Zhongshan Station on the Larsemann Hills, Princess Elizabeth Land, East Antarctica. Strain ZS2-28(T) was obligately heterotrophic, strictly aerobic, psychrotolerant (growth occurred at 0-33 °C) and moderately halophilic (optimal growth in 7-8 % NaCl). A single major peak at 872-874 nm in the infrared absorption spectrum indicated the presence of bacteriochlorophyll a.

Zhongshania antarctica gen. nov., sp. nov. and Zhongshania guokunii sp. nov., gammaproteobacteria respectively isolated from coastal attached (fast) ice and surface seawater of the Antarctic.

Two Gram-negative, motile, aerobic, catalase- and oxidase-positive, rod-shaped strains, designated ZS5-23(T) and ZS6-22(T), were respectively isolated from Antarctic coastal attached (fast) ice and surface seawater samples. Both strains could grow at 4-35 °C (optimum 30 °C) and in the absence of NaCl. Analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strains ZS5-23(T) and ZS6-22(T) were closely related to each other (99.

Applying and comparing two chemometric methods in absorption spectral analysis of photopigments from Arctic microalgae.

Pigment absorption property of two arctic microalgae species (Skeletonema marinoi and Chlorella sp.) cultured at three temperatures (0, 4 and 8°C) was analyzed. Carotenoids and chlorophyll (Chl) c were positive factors to the high cell activities and primary productivities of S.

Colwellia chukchiensis sp. nov., a psychrotolerant bacterium isolated from the Arctic Ocean.

A novel psychrotolerant bacterial strain, BCw111(T), was isolated from seawater samples from the Chukchi Sea in the Arctic Ocean. Cells of strain BCw111(T) were Gram-negative, motile, facultatively anaerobic, curved rods and were able to grow at 0-30 °C (optimum 23-25 °C). Strain BCw111(T) had Q-8 as the major respiratory quinone and contained iso-C(15 : 0) 2-OH and/or C(16 : 1)ω7c (28.

Flavobacterium sinopsychrotolerans sp. nov., isolated from a glacier.

An aerobic, Gram-negative, yellow-pigmented bacterial strain, designated 0533(T), was isolated from frozen soil from the China No. 1 glacier. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence demonstrated that strain 0533(T) was a member of the genus Flavobacterium and exhibited 97.

Study on fluorometric discrimination of phytoplankton based on time-series vectors of wavelet transform.

The feasibility of using time domain of wavelet transform as characteristics to establish a fluorometric discrimination method of phytoplankton was discussed. Twelve phytoplankton species belonging to nine genera of five divisions were studied. Five steps were introduced: firstly, the feasibility of utilizing 3D fluorescence spectra (3D-FS) to discriminate phytoplankton was discussed; the relative standard deviation (RSD) and included angle cosine (IAC) were used as the test criterion.

Marisediminicola antarctica gen. nov., sp. nov., an actinobacterium isolated from the Antarctic.

Strain ZS314(T) was isolated from a sandy intertidal sediment sample collected from the coastal area off the Chinese Antarctic Zhongshan Station, east Antarctica (6 9° 22' 13″ S 76 ° 21' 41″ E). The cells were Gram-positive, motile, short rods. The temperature range for growth was 0-26 °C and the pH for growth ranged from 5 to 10, with optimum growth occurring within the temperature range 18-23 °C and pH range 6.

Comprehensive assessment of toxic metals in urban and suburban street deposited sediments (SDSs) in the biggest metropolitan area of China.

A set of toxic metals, i.e. As, Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni and Cr, in urban and suburban SDSs were investigated comparatively in the biggest metropolitan area of China, Shanghai.

Erythrobacter nanhaisediminis sp. nov., isolated from marine sediment of the South China Sea.

A novel Gram-negative, orange-pigmented, slightly halophilic, rod-shaped bacterium, strain T30(T), was isolated from sediment from the South China Sea. Phylogenetic analysis showed that strain T30(T) was a member of the genus Erythrobacter, sharing highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Erythrobacter aquimaris JCM 12189(T) (99.5 %) and Erythrobacter vulgaris DSM 17792(T) (99.

Neptunomonas antarctica sp. nov., isolated from marine sediment.

A Gram-negative, motile, oxidase- and catalase-positive and facultatively aerobic bacterium, designated S3-22T, was isolated from marine sediment of the Nella Fjord, Antarctica. Strain S3-22T reduced nitrate to nitrite and grew at pH 6.0-8.