Genotype by year interaction and additive and epistasis gene effects for Fusarium stalk rot resistance in doubled haploid lines of maize (Zea mays L.).

Fusarium stalk rot is the main factor reducing the quality of maize grain and leads to significant yield losses, which that ranges from 20 to 100%, depending on the degree of infection and weather conditions. Understanding its genetic mechanism is key to improving grain quality and ultimate yield. An experiment with 26 doubled haploid (DH) lines of maize was conducted in the northern part of the Lower Silesia Province in Poland over a ten-year period (2013-2022).

Survival of Eurasian lynx in the human-dominated landscape of Europe.

Survival and cause-specific mortality rates are vital for evidence-based population forecasting and conservation, particularly for large carnivores, whose populations are often vulnerable to human-caused mortalities. It is therefore important to know the relationship between anthropogenic and natural mortality causes to evaluate whether they are additive or compensatory. Further, the relation between survival and environmental covariates could reveal whether specific landscape characteristics influence demographic performance.

Measuring the age-friendliness of cities in the Russian Federation: The translation, validation and application of the age-friendly cities and communities Questionnaire in the city of Kazan.

Numerous cities in the Russian Federation have joined the World Health Organization's (WHO) Global Network for Age-Friendly Cities and Communities since 2011. In order to do quantitative evaluations of the age-friendliness of cities, the Age-Friendly Cities and Communities Questionnaire (AFCCQ) was developed in the Netherlands. The purpose of this study was to translate and test the validity and reliability of the AFCCQ for use in the Russian Federation, and to study the views on the age-friendliness of the city of Kazan in the Republic of Tatarstan from an intergenerational perspective.

Nasal food challenge with hen's egg white allergen.

Background: Nasal allergen provocation tests are an important part of the diagnostics of allergic diseases triggered by environmental factors. Recently, increased attention has been paid to the potential use of this method in the diagnosis of food allergy. The objective of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of the nasal allergen provocation test in a group of subjects allergic to hen's egg white allergens.

Low impact of Zostera marina meadows on sediment and water microbiota under brackish conditions.

Background: Zostera marina is an important ecosystem engineer influencing shallow water environments and possibly shaping the microbiota in surrounding sediments and water. Z. marina is typically found in marine systems, but it can also proliferate under brackish conditions.

Changes in the intestinal microbiota of broiler chicken induced by dietary supplementation of the diatomite-bentonite mixture.

Background: Diatomite is a source of biologically available silicon but in feed industry its insecticide and anti-caking properties have been also widely recognized. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of dietary diatomite-bentonite mixture (DBM) supplementation on the quantitative and qualitative composition of the bacterial microbiome of the broiler chicken gut. The trial was carried out on 960 Ross 308 broiler chickens divided into 2 experimental groups throughout the entire rearing period lasting 6 weeks.

Foliar application of nitrates limits lead uptake by Cucumis sativus L. plants.

Lead is a toxic heavy metal, which accumulates in the soil and is readily absorbed by plant roots. The uptake of toxic elements by crops is a serious threat to human health. For this reason, it is important to prevent the incorporation of heavy metals into the food chain.

Searching for nitroxyl modulators in Arabidopsis thaliana - a new paradigm of redox signaling in plant.

Through extensive research, nitroxyl (HNO) has emerged as a newly recognized redox signal in plant developmental and stress responses. The interplay between nitric oxide (●NO) and HNO entails a complex network of signaling molecules and regulatory elements sensitive to the environment's specific redox conditions. However, functional implications for HNO in cell signaling require more detailed studies, starting with identifying HNO-level switches.

Health-Promoting and Functional Properties of Fermented Milk Beverages with Probiotic Bacteria in the Prevention of Civilization Diseases.

Background/objectives: There is scattered information in the scientific literature regarding the characterization of probiotic bacteria found in fermented milk beverages and the beneficial effects of probiotic bacteria on human health. Our objective was to gather the available information on the use of probiotic bacteria in the prevention of civilization diseases, with a special focus on the prevention of obesity, diabetes, and cancer.

Methods: We carried out a literature review including the following keywords, either individually or collectively: lactic acid bacteria; probiotic bacteria; obesity; lactose intolerance; diabetes; cancer protection; civilization diseases; intestinal microbiota; intestinal pathogens.

Nano Silicon Modulates Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Capacities of Ajowan () Under Water Deficit Condition.

Ajowan () is an important spice in the food industry, as a well as a medicinal plant with remarkable antioxidant properties. In this study, its essential oil content, chemical composition, flavonoid content, phenolic content, and antioxidant capacity were evaluated under three irrigation regimes (50, 70, and 90% field capacity) and different amounts of nano silicon (0, 1.5, and 3 mM) in ten populations of ajowan.

Enhanced Dissipation of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) in Soil by the Bioaugmentation with Newly Isolated Strain MC5.

The presented study investigated the possibility of using the MC5 strain, isolated from raw sewage by the enrichment culture method, in the bioremediation of soil contaminated with selected NSAIDs, i.e., ibuprofen (IBF), diclofenac (DCF), and naproxen (NPX), using the bioaugmentation technique.

The Potential of Metabolomics as a Tool for Identifying Biomarkers Associated with Obesity and Its Complications: A Scoping Review.

Obesity and its related diseases, such as type 2 diabetes (T2DM), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and metabolic fatty liver disease (MAFLD), require new diagnostic markers for earlier detection and intervention. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the potential of metabolomics as a tool for identifying biomarkers associated with obesity and its comorbidities in every age group. The presented systematic review makes an important contribution to the understanding of the potential of metabolomics in identifying biomarkers of obesity and its complications, especially considering the influence of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), amino acids (AAs) and adipokines on the development of T2DM, MAFLD, and CVD.

Preparation Process of In Situ MgB Material with Ex Situ MgB Barrier to Obtain Long Sections of Superconducting Multicore Wires.

In the present study, our emphasis was directed towards the fabrication process of long multi-core superconducting wires, each spanning several hundred meters. These wires feature an in situ MgB core, an ex situ MgB barrier, and a copper shield. The cost-effectiveness of these constituent materials, coupled with a judicious arrangement of internal components, facilitates the utilization of an economical shielding material for the resulting wire.

Fruit Vinegars as Natural and Bioactive Chitosan Solvents in the Production of Chitosan-Based Films.

Natural fruit vinegars, derived from various fruits, enhance culinary experience and offer potential health benefits due to their bioactive compounds. In this study, fruit vinegars (apple, blackcurrant, and cherry) were used as natural solvents for producing chitosan films, introducing an environmentally friendly approach. Fruit vinegars and chitosan-based solutions were examined for their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.

Preliminary Data of the Nutritive, Antioxidative, and Functional Properties of Watermelon ( L.) Flour and Seed Protein Concentrate.

The growing interest in a plant-based diet leads to the search for new sources of protein in the human diet as an alternative to animal proteins. Plant materials that can supplement protein as additives in food products are being studied. Watermelon seeds ( L.

Behavior at Air/Water Interface and Oxidative Stability of Vegetable Oils Analyzed Through Langmuir Monolayer Technique.

This study aimed to evaluate the oxidative stability and surface properties of cold-pressed vegetable oils using the Langmuir monolayer technique. Six oils-milk thistle, evening primrose, flaxseed, camelina sativa, black cumin, and pumpkin seed-were analyzed to investigate their molecular organization and behavior at the air/water interface, particularly after undergoing oxidation. The results showed that oils rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as flaxseed and evening primrose oils, formed monolayers with larger molecular areas and lower stability, which led to faster oxidative degradation, especially under thermal conditions.

Valorization of Rosehip ( L.) Pomace Using Unconventional Carbohydrate Carriers for Beverage Obtainment.

Rosehip is of notable scientific interest due to its rich content of bioactives and its wide-ranging applications in nutrition, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. The valorization of rosehip by-products, such as pomace, is highly significant for promoting sustainability. This study investigates the development of rosehip-based powders and beverage prototypes derived from both juice and pomace to evaluate the potential use of pomace in instant beverage design and compare it with juice-based formulations.

Selected Metabolites of Biofunctional Importance from Edible Fruits of Forest Shrubs.

This study focused on determining the content of bioactive compounds in selected fruits of wild shrubs. The plants selected for the study were from the Rosaceae and Adoxaceae families. Particular attention should be paid to the fruits of plants commonly growing in Poland (temperate climate), such as , , and .

Molecular Mechanisms Linking Omega-3 Fatty Acids and the Gut-Brain Axis.

The gut-brain axis (GBA) is a complex communication network connecting the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and the central nervous system (CNS) through neuronal, endocrine, metabolic, and immune pathways. Omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are crucial food components that may modulate the function of this axis through molecular mechanisms. Derived mainly from marine sources, these long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids are integral to cell membrane structure, enhancing fluidity and influencing neurotransmitter function and signal transduction.

The Musculoskeletal Anatomy of the Komodo Dragon's Hindlimb (, Varanidae).

The Komodo dragon () is the largest extant lizard and is classified as an endangered species. Despite its rarity, anatomical studies on this species remain limited, hindering a comprehensive understanding of its biology and evolutionary traits. This research presents a detailed anatomical and histological examination of the pelvic limb of a female Komodo dragon, providing valuable insights into the musculoskeletal system of this species.

The tree-ring width and interval trend values as indicators of sensitivity to temperature and precipitation in different provenances of European larch.

The study assessed the sensitivity of 20 provenances of European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) growing at provenance experimental trials located in lowland (Siemianice) and upland (Bliżyn) climate in Central Poland to air temperature and precipitation, including drought. The measure of the tree' sensitivity was their radial growth reactions, i.

The response of Petunia × atkinsiana 'Pegasus Special Burgundy Bicolor' to mechanical stress encompassing morphological changes as well as physiological and molecular factors.

In 1973, Jaffe identified and characterized the phenomenon of thigmomorphogenesis, also referred to as mechanical stress (MS) or mechanical stimulation in plants. Previous studies on petunia plants demonstrated that MS significantly affects growth dynamics. As a response to MS, petunias exhibit increased levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) oxidase and peroxidase, although the active transport of endogenous IAA remains unaffected.

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli-targeting phages for biofilm biocontrol in the poultry industry.

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is a principal etiologic agent of avian colibacillosis, responsible for significant economic losses in the poultry industry due to high mortality and disease treatment with antibiotics. APEC and its ability to form biofilms on food and processing surfaces contributes to its persistence within farms. Bacteriophages are promising antibacterial agents for combating APEC.

Anatomical variations in Eurasian wolf (Canis lupus lupus) (Carnivora: Canidae) of the salivary glands: A histological and histochemical investigation.

The study involved a gross anatomical description of the parotid gland, mandibular gland, monostomatic sublingual gland, polystomatic sublingual gland, and zygomatic gland in 12 adult Eurasian wolves (Canis lupus lupus) (wild free-ranging individuals and their zoo counterparts), including their morphometry and microscopic evaluation using hematoxylin & eosin, mucicarmine, azan trichrome, PAS, AB pH 1.0, AB pH 2.5; AB pH 2.

The relationship between frailty syndrome and quality of life in patients with hypertension: a multidimensional analysis.

Background: Hypertension is a common condition among the elderly and is frequently accompanied by frailty syndrome (FS). The coexistence of hypertension and FS poses significant challenges in patient management and negatively impacts the quality of life (QoL). This study aimed to analyze the relationship between FS and QoL in elderly patients with suspected hypertension.