Additional new species and new records of the genus (lichenised Ascomycota, lobarioid Peltigeraceae) from Bolivia.

Four species of the genus are described as new from Bolivia, based on morphological examination and phylogenetic analysis of the fungal ITS barcoding marker. Additionally, two species are reported as new to Bolivia (their identification confirmed by molecular data) and one previously reported species is confirmed by molecular data for the first time. Detailed morphological and anatomical descriptions are provided for all new species.

Phylogeny of the genus s.l. (Sarrameanales, Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota), with gen. nov. and five new combinations in and .

is a genus of crustose lichens containing 13 accepted species that can be separated into two groups, based on differences in secondary chemistry that correlate with differences in characters of the sexual reproductive structures (asci and ascospores). Molecular phylogenetic analyses recovered these groups as monophyletic and support their recognition as distinct genera that differ in phenotypic characters. Species containing 2'--methylperlatolic acid are transferred to the new genus, Guzow-Krzem.

, a new leprose genus revealed in Ramalinaceae (Ascomycota, Lecanoromycetes, Lecanorales) to accommodate .

The new genus Kukwa, Jabłońska, Kosecka & Guzow-Krzemińska is introduced to accommodate Elix, Flakus & Kukwa. Phylogenetic analyses of nucITS, nucLSU, mtSSU and RPB2 markers recovered the new genus in the family Ramalinaceae with strong support. The genus is characterised by its thick, unstratified thallus composed entirely of soredia-like granules, the presence of 4--methylleprolomin, salazinic acid, zeorin and unknown terpenoid, and its phylogenetic position.

Two new species of from Sud Yungas in Bolivia and the first discovery of vegetative propagules in the family Trypetheliaceae (lichen-forming Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota).

Two new species of are described from the Yungas forest in Bolivian Andes. is characterised by pseudostromata concolorous with the thallus, perithecia immersed for the most part, with the upper portion elevated above the thallus and covered, except the tops, with orange pigment, apical and fused ostioles, the absence of lichexanthone (but thallus UV+ orange-yellow), clear hamathecium, 8-spored asci and amyloid, large, muriform ascospores with median septa. is known only in a sterile state and produces isidia that develop in groups on areoles, but easily break off to reveal a medulla that resembles soralia.

Erratum: Corrigendum: Kolanowska M, Baranow P, Nowak S, Fuentes A (2021) Materials to the revision of the genus (Orchidaceae) in Bolivia. PhytoKeys 186: 11-41. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.186.71499.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.186.

New species of (lichenised Ascomycota, lobarioid Peltigeraceae) from Bolivia suggest a high level of endemism in the Central Andes.

Six species of are described as new to science on the basis of material from Bolivia and supported by phylogenetic analysis of the fungal ITS barcoding marker. The species were resolved in all three of the clades (I, II, III) widespread and common in the Neotropics, as defined in an earlier study on the genus. Comparison with material from neighbouring countries (i.

Infraspecific variation of some brown (in Poland) - a comparison of ITS rDNA and non-molecular characters.

Infraspecific variation of the ITS rDNA region of some brown occurring in Poland is studied and compared with non-molecular characters. Haplotype networks are used to illustrate the variability within the species. Both newly-produced sequences from Central Europe and from all over the world, downloaded from the GenBank, are used.

Two new Cypridopsinae Kaufmann, 1900 (Crustacea, Ostracoda) from southern Africa.

Two new Cypridopsinae ostracods, and are described. Both were found only as asexual (all-female) populations in temporary waters of southern Africa. was collected from a small pan in the North-West Province of South Africa.

Materials to the revision of the genus (Orchidaceae) in Bolivia.

The diversity of in Bolivia is evaluated. An updated key for identifying species is provided. Morphological characteristics of 15 species of Bolivian are presented together with illustrations of their floral segments.

Lectotypification of six names in the genus (Orchidaceae) described from J. J. Linden's collection.

The lectotypification of six names of species, originally described as Lind. (Orchidaceae), based on collections of Jean Jules Linden from locations that are currently in Venezuela and Colombia, is proposed. We also provide the number and location of duplicates of the type material.

Morphology and secondary chemistry in species recognition of group - evidence from molecular data with notes on the ecological niche modelling and genetic variability of photobionts.

To evaluate the importance of morphological and chemical characters used in the recognition of species within the group, we performed phylogenetic, morphological and chemical analyses of 335 specimens, of which 34 were used for molecular analyses. Phylogenetic analyses, based on ITS rDNA sequences, show that is distinct from and the most important difference between those species is the development of pseudocyphellae. In , they are mostly marginal and form white rims along lobes margins, but laminal pseudocyphellae can develop in older parts of thalli and are predominantly connected with marginal pseudocyphellae.

Understanding the evolution of phenotypical characters in the group (Pilocarpaceae) and descriptions of six new species within the group.

Six new species are described from Europe. Phylogenetic analyses, based on three loci, i.e.

Phylogenetic placement of sp. nov. (Lecanorales, Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota) with notes on other species from South America.

is described as a new semicryptic species similar to , from which it differs geographically (South America) and phylogenetically; both species differ in nucleotide position characters in nucITS barcoding marker. is reported as new to South America and as new to Antarctica, Bolivia, and Peru. (South American records are referred to L.