Controversies in Myopia Control Treatment: What Does it Mean for Future Research?

Purpose: Treatment of myopia has been informed by more than 3 decades of clinical trials and other observations. However, controversies regarding myopia control remain, such as when to stop treatment and what is the long-term efficacy of treatment. This perspective aims to describe clinically relevant and current controversies regarding myopia treatment.

Spatial frequency of environments and myopia: A systematic review on associated evidence and underlying mechanisms.

Purpose: Previous animal studies have found a relationship between spatial frequency and myopia. New research in humans suggest that reduced high spatial content of the visual environment may be a contributing factor for myopia development. This study aims to review the literature and elucidate the potential biological mechanisms linking spatial frequency and myopia.

Use of Attitude and Heading Reference System (AHRS) to Analyze the Impact of Safety Nets on the Accelerations Occurring in the Human Body During a Collision.

The article presents accelerations occurring in the human body when falling onto a safety net. An attitude and heading reference system (AHRS) consists of sensors on three axes that provide attitude information for objects, including pitch, roll, and yaw. These sensors are made of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) gyroscopes, accelerometers, and magnetometers.

Retinal Ganglion Cell Replacement in Glaucoma Therapy: A Narrative Review.

Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. It leads to the progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), the axons of which form the optic nerve. Enormous RGC apoptosis causes a lack of transfer of visual information to the brain.

Evaluating the efficacy of AI systems in diabetic retinopathy detection: A comparative analysis of Mona DR and IDx-DR.

Purpose: To compare two artificial intelligence (AI)-based Automated Diabetic Retinopathy Image Assessment (ARIA) softwares in terms of concordance with specialist human graders and referable diabetic retinopathy (DR) diagnostic capacity.

Methods: Retrospective comparative study including 750 consecutive diabetes mellitus patients imaged for non-mydriatic fundus photographs. For each patient four images (45 degrees field of view) were captured, centered on the optic disc and macula.

Systematic, computational discovery of multicomponent and one-pot reactions.

Discovery of new types of reactions is essential to organic chemistry because it expands the scope of accessible molecular scaffolds and can enable more economical syntheses of existing structures. In this context, the so-called multicomponent reactions, MCRs, are of particular interest because they can build complex scaffolds from multiple starting materials in just one step, without purification of intermediates. However, for over a century of active research, MCRs have been discovered rather than designed, and their number remains limited to only several hundred.

Estimation of multicomponent reactions' yields from networks of mechanistic steps.

This work describes estimation of yields of complex, multicomponent reactions (MCRs) based on the modeled networks of mechanistic steps spanning both the main reaction pathway as well as immediate and downstream side reactions. Because experimental values of the kinetic rate constants for individual mechanistic transforms are extremely sparse, these constants are approximated here using Mayr's nucleophilicity and electrophilicity parameters fine-tuned by correction terms grounded in linear free-energy relationships. With this formalism, the model trained on the mechanistic networks of only 20 - but mechanistically- and yield-diverse MCRs - transfers well to newly discovered MCRs that are based on markedly different mechanisms and types of individual mechanistic transforms.

Biomarkers: Promising Tools Towards the Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment of Myopia.

The prevalence of myopia, especially high myopia, continues to increase in several parts of the world. Thus, the use of biomarkers for early myopia detection would be highly valuable for clinical practice aiding in the prevention and myopia control management. The identification of biomarkers that can predict the risk of myopia development, severity of myopia, and treatment response are of paramount significance.

DNA methylation biomarkers and myopia: a multi-omics study integrating GWAS, mQTL and eQTL data.

Background: This study aimed to identify DNA methylation biomarkers associated with myopia using summary-data-based Mendelian randomization (SMR).

Methods: A systematic search of the PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases was conducted up to March 27, 2024. SMR analyses were performed to integrate genome-wide association study (GWAS) with methylation quantitative trait loci (mQTL) and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) studies.

Accuracy of 7 Artificial Intelligence-Based Intraocular Lens Power Calculation Formulas in Extremely Long Caucasian Eyes.

Purpose: To compare 7 artificial intelligence (AI)-based intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation formulas in extremely long eyes.

Design: Retrospective accuracy and validity analysis.

Setting: Kyiv Clinical Ophthalmology Hospital Eye Microsurgery Center, Ukraine.

Salivary microbiome signatures of Poles and Serbians and its potential for prediction of biogeographic ancestry.

Biogeographical ancestry analysis is valuable in forensic investigations, especially in missing person cases or crimes without eyewitnesses, as it helps to infer geographic origins from genetic markers. This approach enhances forensic efforts by providing essential clues for identifying individuals with limited direct evidence. Slavic-speaking populations are poorly distinguishable based on human genome variability.

Assessment of Large Language Models in Cataract Care Information Provision: A Quantitative Comparison.

Introduction: Cataracts are a significant cause of blindness. While individuals frequently turn to the Internet for medical advice, distinguishing reliable information can be challenging. Large language models (LLMs) have attracted attention for generating accurate, human-like responses that may be used for medical consultation.

An updated systematic review of pharmacological treatments for presbyopia.

Background: Presbyopia, a common age-related condition affecting near vision, impacts over a billion people worldwide. The aim of this paper is to review the main reports and results of clinical trials, comparing the newest pharmacological treatment options for presbyopia, their mechanisms of action, and possible side effects.

Main Text: Pharmacological approaches, involving eye drops that target the underlying mechanisms of presbyopia, have gained growing interest.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Automated Diabetic Retinopathy Image Assessment Software: IDx-DR and RetCAD.

Introduction: Automated diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening using artificial intelligence has the potential to improve access to eye care by enabling large-scale screening. However, little is known about differences in real-world performance between available algorithms. This study compares the diagnostic accuracy of two AI screening platforms, IDx-DR and RetCAD, for detecting referable diabetic retinopathy (RDR).

Rare transthyretin gene variants (p.Ala45Thr, p.Val91Ala, p.Phe53Cys, p.Ala101Val, p.Glu109Lys, and p.Phe53Leu): diagnostic pitfalls and clinical characteristics of Polish patients with transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis.

Introduction: The knowledge about clinical features of Polish patients with hereditary type of transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (hATTR-CA) is scant.

Objectives: Our aim was to present rare transthyretin (TTR) gene variants and diagnostic difficulties in patients with hATTR-CA.

Patients And Methods: In the years 2018-2024, 252 consecutive patients with suspected CA were evaluated, including blood tests, standard 12‑lead electrocardiography, transthoracic echocardiography and 99mtechnetium‑3,3‑diphosphono‑1,2‑propanodicarboxylic acid ([99mTc]Tc‑DPD) scintigraphy.

How do intraocular lens materials influence the outcome of cataract surgery?

Purpose Of Review: This review summarizes the evidence on the effect of intraocular lens (IOL) material on the outcomes of cataract surgery, as well as on the surgical procedure itself.

Recent Findings: Differences in capsular biocompatibility between IOL materials lead to variations in capsular stability and posterior capsule opacification (PCO), while differences in uveal biocompatibility affect postoperative inflammatory response.

Summary: Refractive outcomes are affected by both incision size and the rotational stability of toric IOLs.

Assessing the Impact of ChatGPT in Dermatology: A Comprehensive Rapid Review.

: The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in dermatology is expanding rapidly, with ChatGPT, a large language model (LLM) from OpenAI, showing promise in patient education, clinical decision-making, and teledermatology. Despite its potential, the ethical, clinical, and practical implications of its application remain insufficiently explored. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness, challenges, and future prospects of ChatGPT in dermatology, focusing on clinical applications, patient interactions, and medical writing.

Corrigendum: Effectiveness of myopia control interventions: a systematic review of 12 randomized control trials published between 2019 and 2021.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.

Position statement of Polish Cardiac Society experts on cardiomyopathy.

Cardiomyopathies (CMs) are a very broad group of diseases, including genetically determined and acquired, and their classification is based on phenotypic characteristics. There is always a need to search for the etiology (often also to try to identify the genetic cause), which may determine the appropriate choice of clinical management. The geographical distribution of genetic variants varies as does the prevalence across populations, ethnic groups, regions, and countries.

Neurosensory retina detachment combined with retinal pigment epithelium separation from the choroid in the course of dry macular degeneration - A case report.

of advanced diagnostic methods shed the light on the variable course of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Despite establishing AMD classifications used in clinical practice, there are still forms of AMD that do not fit into these systems. The case report presents a rare evolution of non-neovascular form of AMD presenting at baseline as large soft drusen.