Factors associated with severity and anatomical distribution of diabetic foot ulcer in a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study.

Diabetic foot ulcers are characterized by disturbances in the epidermis and/or a portion of the dermis in patients with the disease. With over a million amputations performed annually, it has also emerged as one of the primary causes of lower limb amputation globally. To better understand the severity and anatomical distribution of ulcerated areas in patients with type II diabetes mellitus, this study aimed to identify the factors associated with diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs).

Between International Policy and Local Practice: Nepali Service Providers' Constructions of Domestic Violence in Context.

The conceptualization of social problems is an important site for examining the extent to which the knowledge and priorities of local practitioners are reflected in international policy. This study employed critical discourse analysis to examine the constructions of domestic violence (DV) used by service providers in Pokhara, Nepal, as compared with two major international women's human rights policy documents. Both constructed DV as a human rights issue that should be contextualized within patriarchal and intersecting oppressions.

Every Fever Not Merely Due to Antibiotic Deficiency: Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease Case Report.

This case report presents a 53-year-old female patient with a history of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who developed chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) following an allogeneic bone marrow transplant, leading to significant respiratory distress and notable skin findings, including hyperpigmentation and chronic non-healing ulcers. The patient's clinical course illustrates the diverse manifestations of cGVHD, emphasizing the importance of recognizing that not all febrile episodes in post-transplant patients are attributable solely to infection. A multidisciplinary approach was essential for accurate diagnosis and management, underscoring the need for comprehensive evaluation of symptoms in immunocompromised patients.

40 Hz binaural beats entrainment enhances the mood and cognition of medical students.

Many medical students experience psychological distress from high academic demands, potentially harming their performance and mental health. Binaural beats (BB) stimulation, particularly gamma band entrainment, has been suggested to enhance neural communication, cognition, and reduce anxiety. This study aimed to determine whether 40 Hz BB could improve cognitive performance and mood in medical students.

Prediction of the outcome of intracerebral hemorrhage by blood neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio: a prospective observational study.

Introduction: Intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) is defined as bleeding within the brain parenchyma. Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a dynamic parameter that can be affected by an underlying condition like microangiopathy (e.g.

Marked hemoglobin mass expansion and plasma volume contraction in Sherpas acclimatizing to 5,400 m altitude.

In lowlanders, high altitude (HA) acclimatization induces hemoconcentration by reducing plasma volume (PV) and increasing total hemoglobin mass (Hb). Conversely, Tibetan highlanders living at HA are reported to have a similar hemoglobin concentration ([Hb]) as lowlanders near sea level, and we investigated whether this reflects alterations in the PV or the Hb response to HA. Baseline assessment of PV and Hb was performed by carbon monoxide rebreathing at low altitudes (∼1,400 m) in Sherpas (an ethnic group of Tibetans living in Nepal) and native lowlanders.

Menstruation experiences and its association with psychological distress among school-going adolescent girls of Nepal: A cross-sectional study.

This study aimed to assess the relationship between menstruation-related attributes and mental distress in adolescent girls. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Rangeli Municipality, Nepal, among 270 adolescent girls. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire.

Intergenerational impact of drought and famine on health systems in developing countries - symposium proceedings.

The 2024 edition of the One Health symposium explored the intergenerational health impacts of drought and famine in developing countries, with a focus on innovative strategies for resilience-building in healthcare infrastructures. Organized by students of the CIH Center for International Health at Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Germany, the event convened experts and participants from diverse backgrounds to address the urgent challenges posed by climate change-induced crises. Through presentations, panel discussions, and collaborative exchanges, the symposium underscored the profound health and socioeconomic implications of climate-related disasters, emphasizing the need for cross-sectoral cooperation and transformative action.

Toxicological consequences of yellowjacket wasp and its larvae entomophagy in Himalayan region of Nepal; case report and review of literature.

Entomophagy, or insect consumption, is a common traditional practice in Asia, Africa, and South America including Nepal. Despite its longstanding cultural presence, there is limited literature on the toxicological effects of ingesting wasp larvae. This case report describes seven individuals who experienced toxicity after consuming pan-fried yellowjacket wasp larvae in August 2023.

A New Ray of Hope in the Treatment of Seasonal Hyperacute Panuveitis: Could Intravitreal Triple Combination Therapy of an Antibiotic with Dual Steroids Play a Pivotal Role?

Introduction: Seasonal Hyperacute Panuveitis (SHAPU) is a blinding disease in Nepal with unknown aetiology. Henceforth, we proposed to study the treatment outcome of a triple intravitreal combination therapy of dual steroids triamcinolone (long-acting steroid) and dexamethasone (short-acting steroid) along with antibiotic moxifloxacin for patients with severe stage of SHAPU.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted among the SHAPU patients presenting in severe stages during the September to December 2023 outbreak.

The mediating role of perceived social support on loneliness and depression in community-dwelling Nepalese older adults.

Background: Loneliness has been identified as a significant independent predictor of depression among older adults. Social support has been reported to play a protective role against both loneliness and depression in older adults. However, few studies to date have investigated the three constructs concurrently and the mediating role of Perceived Social Support (PSS) on the relationship between loneliness and depression in this age group.

Frequency of exposure to Toxoplasma gondii in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Toxoplasmosis is a chronic protozoan parasitic infection that affects nearly one-third of the global population. During the COVID-19 pandemic, cases were observed in patients with COVID-19 and toxoplasmosis. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the frequency of Toxoplasma gondii exposure in patients with COVID-19.

Elusive Unilateral Pleural Effusion: Keys to Clinching the Diagnosis.

Unilateral pleural effusions may sometimes be difficult to diagnose. The cause may vary widely, including congestive heart failure, chronic liver and kidney disease, various drugs, and underlying undiagnosed disorders of the lung and pleura. With advancements in chest imaging, new biomarkers, and less invasive methods for obtaining tissue samples, it may be possible to identify the cause of the unilateral pleural effusions whose etiology is unclear.

Sex differences in genotype frequency and the risk of polycythemia associated with rs13419896 and rs2790859 among Tibetan highlanders living in Tsarang, Mustang, Nepal.

Background: Tibetan highlanders have adapted to hypoxic environments through genetic mechanisms that avoid hemoglobin concentration increases and prevent polycythemia. Recently, sex differences in hemoglobin dynamics with age have been reported among Tibetan highlanders living in Tsarang. Additionally, concerns have been raised that dietary changes associated with modernization may increase the risk of polycythemia and lifestyle-related diseases among Tibetan highlanders.

Hydrogeochemical evaluation and characterization of water quality in the Phewa Lake, Pokhara, Nepal.

The study was carried out in the Phewa Lake of Pokhara Metropolitan City, Gandaki Province, Nepal, for geochemical assessment and characterization of the lake water quality. A total of 28 water samples were collected in each season from the different zones of the lake in March 2022 (pre-monsoon) and November 2022 (post-monsoon). The lake exhibited elevated levels of PO, NO, and NH, indicating that anthropogenic activities are interfering the lake water.

Therapeutic potential of : Chemical isolation and validation of ethnomedicinal claims through and assessment of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

(L.) Ridsdale has been used by different ethnic communities to manage diseased conditions that can be traced to oxidative stress and cellular inflammations but scientific evidences to support the claim are scanty. The objective of this study was to isolate and identify the antioxidants present in the aerial parts of perform their molecular docking against proteins to inspect whether the traditional uses of the plant can be validated by an in-silico approach.

Enrollment and associated factors of the national health insurance program of Nepal: Further analysis of the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2022.

The focus of this study was on the current enrollment status of the government-funded health insurance (HI) program in Nepal, which is necessary to achieve universal health coverage by 2030. Despite the government's commitment, the program faces challenges of low enrollment and high dropout rates, hindering progress towards this goal. With a purpose to find out the associated factors for enrollment in HI, the cross-sectional study employs secondary data obtained from the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2022.

Comparison of efficacy and safety of sarpogrelate-based anti-platelet therapy with non-sarpogrelate-based anti-platelet therapy following arterial endovascular therapy: a systematic review.

Objective: Sarpogrelate is a selective serotonin/5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor antagonist used in the management of peripheral artery disease (PAD). The drug has emerged as a promising choice for medical management post-endovascular therapy (EVT) due to its anti-platelet aggregation, vasoconstriction, and anti-vascular smooth muscle proliferation properties. The aim of the meta-analysis is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sarpogrelate-based APT following arterial EVTs in PAD.

Characteristics of Spinal Cord Injury Presenting to Tertiary Care Center in Gandaki province of Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: Spinal cord injury is one of the common injury which causes damage to the spinal cord due to trauma, diseases or degenerations leading to disability and decreasing life expectancy. The study aims to find the characteristics of spinal cord injury presenting at a tertiary care centre.

Methods: A Descriptive hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted at Pokhara, Gandaki Province, from 28th March to 25th September, 2023.