Associations between Individual and Combined Polymorphisms of the TNF and VEGF Genes and the Embryo Implantation Rate in Patients Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) Programs.

Background: A multiple pregnancy is now considered to be the most common adverse outcome associated with in vitro fertilization (IVF). As a consequence, the identification of women with the best chances of embryo implantation is a challenge in IVF program, in which the objective is to offer elective single-embryo transfer (eSET) without decreasing the pregnancy rate. To date, a range of hormonal and clinical parameters have been used to optimize eSET but none have significant predictive value.

The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) +405 G/C polymorphism and its relationship with recurrent implantation failure in women in an IVF programme with ICSI.

Purpose: Successful embryo implantation depends on trophoblast proliferation, migration and, lastly, invasion of the endometrium (to anchor the trophoblast to the uterus). This invasion is mediated by locally produced soluble factors. Of these, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the best characterized regulator of angiogenesis.

Genetic polymorphisms influence the ovarian response to rFSH stimulation in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization programs with ICSI.

Introduction: Obtaining an adequate number of high-quality oocytes is a major challenge in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH). To date, a range of hormonal and clinical parameters have been used to optimize COH but none have significant predictive value. This variability could be due to the genetic predispositions of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).