Oxidized phospholipid and transcriptomic signatures of THC-related vaping associated lung injury.

E-cigarette/vaping-associated lung injury (EVALI) is strongly associated with vitamin E acetate and often occurs with concomitant tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) use. To uncover pathways associated with EVALI, we examined cytokines, transcriptomic signatures, and lipidomic profiles in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from THC-EVALI patients. At a single center, we prospectively enrolled mechanically ventilated patients with EVALI from THC-containing products (N = 4) and patients with non-vaping acute lung injury and airway controls (N = 5).

Combining genomics and epidemiology to investigate a zoonotic outbreak of rabies in Romblon Province, Philippines.

Rabies is a viral zoonosis that kills thousands of people annually in low- and middle-income countries across Africa and Asia where domestic dogs are the reservoir. 'Zero by 30', the global strategy to end dog-mediated human rabies, promotes a One Health approach underpinned by mass dog vaccination, post-exposure vaccination of bite victims, robust surveillance and community engagement. Using Integrated Bite Case Management (IBCM) and whole genome sequencing (WGS), we enhanced rabies surveillance to detect an outbreak in a formerly rabies-free island province in the Philippines.

Pathological, hematological, and biochemical alteration in broiler chickens infected with mycotoxin in Babylon province.

Background: Mycotoxins are considered one of the most important problems and threats that face poultry producers.

Aim: This study was conducted to investigate the pathological, hematological, and biochemical alterations in chickens fed on mycotoxins contamination ration.

Methods: 434 feed samples were collected from poultry farms operating in Babil Governorate/Iraq, where feed samples were collected over the course of 2023, and these samples were tested by direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to determine the level of mycotoxins.

Prevalence of common conditions and associated mortalities of dogs treated at the small animal clinic, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.

Background: In developing countries such as Uganda, domestic dogs suffer high burdens of infectious diseases often with high mortalities. Surveillance data on the common diseases and associated mortalities is however scanty. We thus, present results of a retrospective study of common clinical conditions and mortalities of dogs brought for treatment at the small animal clinic, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.

Neuro-protective and redox potential of troxerutin against cypermethrin-induced neurotoxicity and oxidative stress in mice.

The present study was designed to evaluate the protective efficacy of troxerutin against cypermethrin-induced behavioral defects, motor function abnormalities, and oxidative stress in mice. Twenty-four adult female albino mice were randomly divided into four equal groups. The first group served as control, the second group was treated with cypermethrin (20 mg/kg b.

Melatonin prevents nicotine-induced hepatotoxicity by modulating apoptosis and histopathological changes in rats.

Nicotine, the main toxic component of tobacco, directly or indirectly causes adverse effects on the liver metabolism. Melatonin, secreted by the pineal gland, has anti-apoptotic activity as well as antioxidant activity. The aim of this study was to reveal the antiapoptotic effects of melatonin in rats with experimentally induced chronic liver damage with nicotine.

Coherent Changes in Neural Motor Network Activity during Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Long-term use of levodopa, a metabolic precursor of dopamine (DA) for alleviation of motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD), can cause a serious side effect known as levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). With the development of LID, high-frequency gamma oscillations (~100 Hz) are registered in the motor cortex (MCx) in patients with PD and rats with experimental PD. Studying alterations in the activity within major components of motor networks during transition from levodopa-off state to dyskinesia can provide useful information about their contribution to the development of abnormal gamma oscillations and LID.

A cross-sectional study of poisoning deaths by rubber latex processing acid in Tripura, India.

Background: Rubber latex processing acid poisoning is a frequently encountered phenomenon in Tripura. Formic acid is the preferred choice for coagulating rubber latex in rubber sheet manufacturing units. The objective of this study aimed to assess the epidemiological profile of poisoning deaths by rubber processing acid and to record their autopsy findings.

HBV and HCV testing outcomes among marginalized communities in Italy, 2019-2024: a prospective study.

Background: The health of the marginalized populations is crucial for public health and inequalities. The World Health Organization (WHO) Global Hepatitis Report 2024 stated that over 304 million people were living with Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)/Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection in 2022. We performed HBV/HCV screenings among marginalized communities to reveal hidden infections and link-to-care positive participants.

Kupffer-Cell-Targeted Carboxylesterase 1f Knockdown Deteriorates Lipopolysaccharide/D-Galactosamine-Induced Acute Liver Failure Through Regulating Cellular Polarization in Mice.

Aims: Carboxylesterase (Ces)1f is implicated in protection against hepatic inflammation, but it is unclear whether the enzyme has an influence in polarization of Kupffer cells (KCs), the innate immune cells mediating hepatic inflammatory injury including acute liver failure (ALF). In the present study, we aim to explore KC polarization induced by Ces1f in mice with lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine (LPS/D-GalN)-induced ALF. We adopted a novel delivery system, β-1,3-D-glucan-encapsulated Endoporter-siRNA particles, to specifically target KC Ces1f knockdown via tail vein injection in mice.

Design and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of a Cancer-targeting Immunotoxin Based on a Camelid Nanobody-PE Fusion Protein.

Background: Developing effective targeted treatment approaches to overcome drug resistance remains a crucial goal in cancer research. Immunotoxins have dual functionality in cancer detection and targeted therapy.

Objective: This study aimed to engineer a recombinant chimeric fusion protein by combining a nanobody-targeting domain with an exotoxin effector domain.

Tramadol as a fentanyl adulterant: Prevalence and management in a ToxIC Fentalog study prospective cohort.

Background: Tramadol is an adulterant of illicit opioids. As it is a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor as well as a μ-opioid agonist, tramadol adulteration may worsen overdose signs and symptoms or affect the amount of naloxone patients receive.

Methods: This is a multicenter, prospective cohort of adult patients with suspected opioid overdoses who presented to one of eight United States emergency departments and were included in the Toxicology Investigators Consortium's Fentalog Study.

Food Confusion Between Edible and Poisonous Plants: A 22-Year Retrospective of the Southeastern France Poison Control Center.

Objective: In some regions of the globe, accidental food confusion regarding plants can cause severe poisoning events and deaths. The aim of this study was to report on those confusions from the Marseille Poison Control Centre's (PCC) experience from 2002 to 2023.

Results: Over 22 years, 2197 food confusion events were managed with 321 different species.

Rice Straw-Derived Biochar Mitigates Microcystin-LR-Induced Hepatic Histopathological Injury and Oxidative Damage in Male Zebrafish via the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway.

Microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR) poses a serious threat to aquatic animals during cyanobacterial blooms. Recently, biochar (BC), derived from rice straw, has emerged as a potent adsorbent for eliminating hazardous contaminants from water. To assess the joint hepatotoxic effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of MC-LR and BC on fish, male adult zebrafish () were sub-chronically co-exposed to varying concentrations of MC-LR (0, 1, 5, and 25 μg/L) and BC (0 and 100 μg/L) in a fully factorial experiment.

Variations in Kojic Acid Production and Corn Infection Among Isolates Suggest a Potential Role as a Virulence Factor.

Kojic acid is a secondary metabolite with strong chelating and antioxidant properties produced by and . Although antioxidants and chelators are important virulence factors for plant pathogens, the ecological role of kojic acid remains unclear. We previously observed a greater gene expression of antioxidants, especially kojic acid, by non-aflatoxigenic when co-cultured with aflatoxigenic Aflatoxin production was also reduced.

Application of Pulsed Electric Field During Malting: Impact on Species Growth and Mycotoxin Production.

The increasing contamination of cereals by micromycetes and mycotoxins during malting still poses an unresolved food safety problem. This study characterises the potential of the novel, rapidly developing food production technology of Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) to reduce the viability of fungi and the production of mycotoxins during malting. Barley, artificially inoculated with four species, was treated by PEF with two different intensities and then malted using a standard Pilsner-type technology.

Biological and Chemical Management of and Ochratoxin A in Vineyards.

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a widely distributed mycotoxin and potent carcinogen produced by several fungal genera, but mainly by . Grape contamination occurs in vineyards during the period between veraison and pre-harvest, and it is the main cause of OTA's presence in wine. The aim of the current study was the evaluation of 6 chemical and 11 biological plant protection products (PPPs) and biocontrol agents in commercial vineyards of the two important Greek white wine varieties cv.

Antivenom Administration After Rattlesnake Envenoming in Arizona Does Not Directly Diminish Pain.

The onset, progression, and severity of pain following rattlesnake envenomation are highly variable between patients. Pain can be severe and persistent, seemingly refractory to opioid analgesics. The ability of antivenom to directly relieve pain has not been well studied.

A Multi-Enzyme Complex That Mitigates Hepatotoxicity, Improves Egg Production and Quality, and Enhances Gut and Liver Health in Laying Hens Exposed to Trace Aflatoxin B.

Aflatoxin B is a prevalent secondary hazardous metabolite generated by fungus present in feed ingredients and the surrounding environment: enzymes are currently being recognized as an efficient and promising approach to reducing the associated risks. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of varying doses of enzyme complexes on several parameters in laying hens that were exposed to aflatoxin. During an 8-week experiment, a total of 288 Yukou Jingfen No.

Aflatoxin Contamination of Various Staple Foods from Angola and Mozambique.

Aflatoxins constitute a significant risk in staple foods produced in African countries. This research aimed to analyze the total aflatoxin (AFT) contamination of various staple foods in Angola and Mozambique. A total of 233 samples of corn, peanuts, beans, rice, and cassava flour collected from farmers or local markets from the province of Cuanza Sul, Angola, and the provinces of Gaza and Inhambane, South Mozambique, were analyzed for the presence of AFT using the lateral flow strip method via AgraStrip Pro WATEX (Romer).

Microstructures of Directionally Solidified NbTiFe Alloy and Its Hydrogen Permeation Properties in the Presence of HS.

Currently, the main limitations of Pd-coated Nb-TiFe dual-phase alloys include insufficient hydrogen permeability, susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement (HE), and poor tolerance of HS poisoning. To address these issues, this study proposes a series of improvements. First, a novel NbTiFe alloy composed of a well-aligned Nb-TiFe eutectic was successfully prepared using directional solidification (DS) technology.

Detection of the Cyclic Imines Pinnatoxin G, 13-Desmethyl Spirolide C and 20-Methyl Spirolide G in Bivalve Molluscs from Great Britain.

Harmful algal biotoxins in the marine environment are a threat to human food safety due to their bioaccumulation in bivalve shellfish. Whilst official control monitoring provides ongoing risk management for regulated toxins in live bivalve molluscs, no routine monitoring system is currently in operation in the UK for other non-regulated toxins. To assess the potential presence of such compounds, a systematic screen of bivalve shellfish was conducted throughout Great Britain.

Hyperbaric Oxygen Protects Acute Lung Injury Secondary to Venom Poisoning by Regulating Th17/Treg Balance.

Background: To explore the mechanism of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) intervention on acute lung injury secondary to snake venom poisoning and provide more toxicological and clinical evidence for venom poisoning.

Methods: Male Kunming mice (n = 96) were randomly divided into four groups: the control group which was not given any interventional treatments, venom group in which each mouse was injected with venom (1 mg/kg) through the tail vein, antivenom group in which each mouse was injected with anti- venom immediately after the model was successfully established, and HBO+antivenom group in which each mouse was given HBO treatment at 1 h, 5 h, 11 h and 23 h following the injection of antivenom. Lung tissues of mice were obtained and processed for the detection of the lung coefficient, the levels of inflammatory factors such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10 and IL-17, and the protein expression of retinoic acid receptor (RAR)-related orphan receptor gamma (RORγt) and forkhead box P3 (FOXP3).

Protective Effects of Baicalein and Bergenin Against Gentamicin-Induced Hepatic and Renal Injuries in Rats: An Immunohistochemical and Biochemical Study.

Background: Drug-induced organ toxicity is a significant health concern, with gentamicin known for its effective antibacterial properties but also severe side effects, particularly cytotoxicity in liver and kidney tissues. This current study observed the preventive role of baicalein and bergenin against hepatic and renal injuries caused by gentamicin in rats.

Methods: Thirty-two male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups, namely, control, gentamicin (gentamicin 80 mg/kg/day), baicalein (gentamicin 80 mg/kg/day + baicalein 100 mg/kg/day) and bergenin (gentamicin 80 mg/kg/day + bergenin 100 mg/kg/day).