8,645 results match your criteria: "Pneumonia Immunocompromised"
Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob
December 2024
Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3333 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant threat to pediatric health; therefore, precise identification of pathogens as well as AMR is imperative. This study aimed at comprehending antibiotic resistance patterns among critically ill children with infectious diseases admitted to pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and to clarify the impact of drug-resistant bacteria on the prognosis of children.
Methods: This study retrospectively collected clinical data, identified pathogens and AMR from 113 children's who performed metagenomic next-generation sequencing for pathogen and antibiotic resistance genes identification, and compared the clinical characteristic difference and prognostic effects between children with and without AMR detected.
J Med Econ
December 2024
Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA.
Introduction: This study analyzed the health and economic impact of the 21-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (V116) and the 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV20), as well as their relative cost-effectiveness, in Japanese adults aged 65 years using a delta pricing approach.
Methods: A Markov model was employed to simulate the movement of the Japanese population among 4 health states: healthy, pneumococcal disease (consisting of invasive pneumococcal disease [IPD] with or without meningitis and non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia [NBPP]), post-meningitis sequelae (PMS), and death. The model was populated with publicly available demographic and epidemiologic data, stratified by risk level.
Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin (Engl Ed)
December 2024
Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Tenerife, Spain.
Infect Dis Clin North Am
December 2024
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Belfer 610, Bronx, NY 10461, USA. Electronic address:
Dematiaceous molds are darkly pigmented environmental molds found worldwide, especially prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions. Common genera include Bipolaris, Cladophialophora, Exophiala, and Alternaria. They cause disease in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals, presenting as cutaneous infections, allergic sinusitis, pneumonia, and, rarely, disseminated infections.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Perinatol
December 2024
Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, United States.
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of pneumonia, meningitis, and invasive pneumococcal disease among adults in the United States, with higher rates of disease occurring among individuals with chronic medical and immunocompromising conditions. Pregnant individuals, especially those with co-morbid conditions, are also at increased risk of infection due to S. pneumoniae due to physiologic and immunologic changes in pregnancy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo
December 2024
Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Pediatria, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
An immunocompromised patient was infected by the SARS-CoV-2 variant of interest named Zeta (P.2) in February 2021. More than one year later, he suffered from symptomatic COVID-19 and sequencing revealed the same variant, which accumulated 23 substitutions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Immunol
December 2024
Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Background: Adults classified as immunosuppressed have been disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Compared to the immunocompetent, certain patients are at increased risk of suboptimal vaccine response and adverse health outcomes if infected. However, there has been insufficient work to pinpoint where these risks concentrate within the immunosuppressed spectrum; surveillance efforts typically treat the immunosuppressed as a single entity, leading to wide confidence intervals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Public Health
December 2024
University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia.
Introduction: Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is a severe form of illness caused by with high morbidity and mortality rate in the general population, particularly in children <5 years of age, adults ≥65 years of age and the immunocompromised. As known, pneumococcal vaccination lowers the risk of IPD so the aim of this study was to investigate whether the introduction of pneumococcal vaccination has influenced the incidence and mortality of IPD in adults in Croatia.
Materials And Methods: A retrospective study was conducted among adult patients (aged ≥18 years) hospitalized due to IPD in the metropolitan area of Zagreb from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2022.
BMC Health Serv Res
December 2024
Becton, Dickinson & Company, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA.
Background: Despite effective pneumococcal vaccines, pneumococcal disease (PD) exerts a substantial burden on children. This study explored the clinical and economic burden of invasive PD (IPD), non-invasive all-cause pneumonia (ACP), and acute otitis media (AOM) in hospitalized children.
Methods: Data from the BD Insights Research Database of hospitalized children (< 18 years, including infants and children) in the US were analyzed retrospectively.
BMC Infect Dis
December 2024
Division of General Medicine, Department of Comprehensive Medicine 1, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama-shi, 330-8503, Saitama, Japan.
Background: The spleen is a key organ in preventing pneumococcal infection, especially in patients with immunocompromised condition such as those with cancer. Previous studies have shown that a small spleen volume in pneumococcal pneumonia patients is associated with severe disease course. However, it is unknown whether a small spleen increases risk of pneumococcal infection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTranspl Infect Dis
December 2024
Transplant and Immunocompromised Host Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Transpl Infect Dis
December 2024
Transplant Infectious Diseases and Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Background: A considerable knowledge gap exists in predicting severe Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) outcomes following PCP diagnosis.
Methods: In this retrospective cohort, we studied immunocompromised patients with PCP admitted to 5 University Health Network centers in Canada (2011-2022). The study outcome included severe PCP, a composite of 21-day ICU admission or 28-day all-cause mortality.
Radiol Case Rep
February 2025
Ministry of Health, Preventive Medicine Department, Nablus, Palestine.
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are a diverse group of environmental mycobacteria found ubiquitously in soil and water, causing infections that typically arise from environmental exposure rather than person-to-person transmission. This case report documents the first known detection of in our region, emphasizing the clinical challenges and diagnostic complexities associated with NTM infections. The case involves a 37-year-old male with a significant smoking history who presented with progressively worsening cough, significant weight loss, and bilateral cavitary lung lesions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIDCases
November 2024
Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Division of Infectious Diseases, New Brunswick, NJ, United States.
Oral manifestations of disseminated histoplasmosis are rare but can present in immunocompromised individuals. We report a case of disseminated Histoplasmosis presenting with presumed oral involvement and pneumonia in a seropositive HIV individual. A 32-year-old male with HIV presented to the emergency department for a two-week history of abdominal pain and a tongue ulcer in the setting of significant weight loss, blood-tinged sputum, and non-adherence with antiretroviral therapy for three years.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Transl Res
November 2024
Department of Emergency, Changhai Hospital Affiliated to Naval Medical University Shanghai 200433, The People's Republic of China.
is an obligate aerobic, Gram-negative bacillus belonging to the family of Weeksellacease. In recent years, there has been a gradual increase in related infections, especially in chronically hospitalized, immunocompromised populations that often develop severe pneumonia. Severe pneumonia is one of the common critical illnesses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInfect Drug Resist
December 2024
Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
Background: Adjuvant corticosteroids are effective in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated pneumonia (PCP) patients, but the effectiveness of adjuvant corticosteroids in non-HIV PCP remained controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of standard-dose compared with low-dose steroids in non-HIV PCP patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
Methods: This retrospective observational study included non-HIV PCP patients with ARDS admitted to the respiratory intensive care unit (RICU) of Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital from 2015 to 2022.
Am J Med
December 2024
Department of Infectious Diseases and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Ishikawa, Japan.
Am J Case Rep
December 2024
Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
BACKGROUND Streptococcus pneumoniae is an uncommon but serious cause of infective endocarditis (IE), particularly in immunocompromised individuals, such as those with untreated HIV. When pneumococcal IE occurs, it is associated with high morbidity and mortality due to the high prevenance of complications such as acute valvular destruction and septic embolization. Therefore, early recognition and prompt surgical intervention are paramount to improving outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJAMA Netw Open
December 2024
Pfizer, Inc, Collegeville, Pennsylvania.
Importance: Clinical trials have demonstrated high vaccine efficacy (VE) against lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD) but enrolled a smaller proportion of persons aged 75 years or older and those with comorbidities than seen in highest-risk populations in clinical practice settings. Additionally, VE against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-related hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits is not yet fully described.
Objective: To estimate Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prefusion F (RSVpreF) effectiveness in older adults.
Vaccine
December 2024
Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. Electronic address:
Objective: To evaluate whether children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) have optimal humoral immune response to pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination (PPSV23) and to study factors affecting that response.
Methods: In this prospective pilot study, we recruited 29 children with T1DM who were vaccine naïve to PPSV23 and assessed serum-serotype specific IgG at baseline and 4-6 weeks post-immunization. We tested association between independent variables (age, gender, body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), glucose variability, and time in range assessed by continuous glucose monitors (CGM), insulin dose and outcome (log-2-fold change of immunoassay response between pre- and post-immunization testing) using linear regression.
Hum Vaccin Immunother
December 2024
South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
COVID-19 remains a global public health issue and an improved understanding of vaccine performance in immunocompromised individuals, including people living with HIV (PLWH), is needed. Initial data from the present study's pre-crossover/booster phase were previously reported. This phase 2a/b clinical trial in South Africa (2019nCoV-501/NCT04533399) revisits 1:1 randomly assigned HIV-negative adults (18-84 years) and medically stable PLWH (18-64 years) who previously received two NVX-CoV2373 doses (5 μg recombinant Spike protein with 50 μg Matrix-M™ adjuvant) or placebo.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnn Med
December 2025
Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
Background: Immunocompromised patients are at high risk of developing persisting/prolonged COVID-19. Data on the early combined use of antivirals and monoclonal antibodies in this population are scarce.
Research Design And Methods: We performed an observational, prospective study, enrolling immunocompromised outpatients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19, treated with a combination of sotrovimab plus one antiviral (remdesivir or nirmatrelvir/ritonavir) within 7 days from symptom onset.
Radiol Case Rep
February 2025
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
Legionella pneumophila is a potentially life-threatening infection, especially for individuals with compromised cell-mediated immunity. Typical chest CT findings include multilobed or multisegmented consolidations and ground-glass opacities, but cavitary lesions are rare. This case report details a 29-year-old male renal transplant recipient who developed cavitary Legionnaires' pneumonia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPeerJ
December 2024
Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Seoul, Republic of South Korea.
Background & Aims: The global pandemic caused by the highly contagious SARS-CoV-2 virus led to the emergency approval of COVID-19 vaccines to reduce rising morbidity and mortality. However, limited research exists on evaluating the impact of these vaccines on immunocompromised individuals, such as recipients of living donor liver transplantation, highlighting the need for further studies to better understand their effectiveness in this specific population.
Methods: From June 2021, we followed up on the effectiveness of the vaccine for patients taking immunosuppressive drugs after living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT).
J Med Virol
December 2024
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Intra-host diversity is an intricate phenomenon related to immune evasion, antiviral resistance, and evolutionary leaps along transmission chains. SARS-CoV-2 intra-host variation has been well-evidenced from respiratory samples. However, data on systemic dissemination and diversification are relatively scarce and come from immunologically impaired patients.
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