Nocardia farcinica pneumonia complicated by pneumocystis jiroveci infection in children with Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders: a case report and literature review.

Background: Nocardiosis is an opportunistic infection that has a low prevalence rate, its clinical manifestations are atypical and can be easily misdiagnosed as other diseases. The correct diagnosis and treatment are frequently delayed by various factors. In this case report, we present a pediatric patient with Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders who developed Nocardia farcinica pneumonia complicated by pneumocystis jiroveci infection.

Interstitial Lesions in Both Lungs Finally Diagnosed as a Rare Coinfection of Influenza A Virus and Pneumocystis Jiroveci.

Background: Influenza is an acute respiratory infection caused by influenza viruses, with influenza A virus (IAV) being the most common and most likely to progress to critically ill cases leading to death. Pneumocystis jiroveci is an opportunistic lung-causing fungus that occurs most often in immunocompromised individuals and can cause Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PJP). It is rare for both diseases to occur in the same patient.

A Real-World Experience of Rituximab: A Panacea in Therapy of Multiple Sclerosis in Low- and Middle-Income Setting.

Background: Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies have received increasing attention in the past few years in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS).

Objectives: This study describes the (i) efficacy and safety of rituximab in people living with MS and (ii) assesses clinical and imaging outcomes following rituximab in MS.

Method: This is a chart review from the MS registry maintained at the institute from a University Hospital in South India.

Cavitary lung lesions caused by in a patient with myelofibrosis on ruxolitinib.

We report a rare case of a patient with Janus kinase 2-positive myelofibrosis on ruxolitinib, presenting with indolent pneumonia and cavitary lung lesions. Initial transthoracic biopsy was non-specific, but thoracoscopic biopsy revealed necrotising granulomatous disease caused by pneumonia (PJP). The patient, initially treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, was switched to atovaquone due to gastrointestinal intolerance.

Clinical course and prognostic factors of pneumonia with respiratory failure in non-HIV patients.

Background: Compared with (HIV) patients, non-HIV patients with pneumonia (PCP) have more rapid onset, more rapid progression, and higher mortality.

Objectives: To investigate the predictive value of variables obtained upon hospital admission for in-hospital death and 90-day outcomes in non-HIV-PCP patients with respiratory failure (RF).

Methods: This was a single center retrospective study in a tertiary care institution over 15 years.

Lymphomatoid granulomatosis mimicking PJP infection.

A male patient in his 40s who had been unwell for months with fever of unknown origin and clinicopathological features suspicious for haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis presented to hospital with worsening subacute shortness of breath. CT pulmonary angiogram demonstrated ground glass changes involving all lung lobes with an apicobasal gradient. These changes, combined with long-term steroid exposure for granulomatous hepatitis without pneumocystis prophylaxis, raised concern for pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP).

Diagnosis model of early Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia based on convolutional neural network: a comparison with traditional PCR diagnostic method.

Background: Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) is an interstitial pneumonia caused by pneumocystis jirovecii (PJ). The diagnosis of PJP primarily relies on the detection of the pathogen from lower respiratory tract specimens. However, it faces challenges such as difficulty in obtaining specimens and low detection rates.

A case of hypercalcemia from Pneumocystis jirovecii in an immunosuppressed non-HIV patient.

Background: The prevalence of non-HIV related Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) is increasing with use of immunosuppressive therapies. There are case reports of solid organ transplant recipients on immunosuppressive therapy presenting with mild hypercalcemia, leading to a diagnosis of PJP. Recent studies have shown efficacy of PJP prophylaxis for patients treated with rituximab with a favourable adverse effect profile.

Role of fungal burden in risk stratification of HIV-negative patients with Pneumocystis pneumonia: A 12-year, retrospective, observational, multicenter cohort.

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the role of fungal burden in risk stratification of patients without HIV-negative patients with Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP).

Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of the characteristics associated with 30-day mortality in patients who were positive for P. jirovecii using polymerase chain reaction in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid between 2006 and 2017 in a multicenter cohort from Central Norway.

Current Concepts in the Diagnosis and Management of Pneumocystis Pneumonia in Solid Organ Transplantation.

Pneumocystis infection manifests predominantly as an interstitial pneumonia in immunocompromised patients. Diagnostic testing in the appropriate clinical context can be highly sensitive and specific and involves radiographic imaging, fungal biomarkers, nucleic acid amplification, histopathology, and lung fluid or tissue sampling. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole remains the first-choice agent for treatment and prophylaxis.

[Clinical characteristics and CT findings of Pneumocystis Jirovecii pneumonia in 46 cases with hematological diseases].

To summarize the original CT features of Pneumocystis Jirovecii pneumonia in patients with hematological diseases. A retrospective analysis was carried out in 46 patients with proven pneumocystis pneumonia (PJP) in the Hospital of Hematology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences between January 2014 and December 2021. All patients had multiple chests CT and related laboratory examinations, imaging typing were conducted based on the initial CT presentation, and the distinct imaging types were analyzed against the clinical data.

The diagnostic value of metagenomic next-generation sequencing for identifying infection in non-HIV immunocompromised patients.

Background: pneumonia (PJP) remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in non-HIV immunocompromised patients especially in transplant recipients. But its diagnosis remains challenging due to the insuffificient performance of conventional methods for diagnosing infection. Therefore, the auxiliary diagnostic function of metagenomics next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in clinical practice is worth of exploring.