Comment to: "Efficacy and Safety of Hyaluronic Acid Combined with Botulinum Toxin Type A in the Treatment of Midcheek Groove: A Prospective Study".

Level of Evidence V This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.

Comment to: Surgical Removal of Fat Nodules Formed in the Tear Trough After Autologous Fat Grafting.

Level of Evidence V This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.

Schwann cell insulin-like growth factor receptor type-1 mediates metastatic bone cancer pain in mice.

Insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1), an osteoclast-dependent osteolysis biomarker, contributes to metastatic bone cancer pain (MBCP), but the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. In mice, the femur metastasis caused by intramammary inoculation of breast cancer cells resulted in IGF-1 increase in femur and sciatic nerve, and IGF-1-dependent stimulus/non-stimulus-evoked pain-like behaviors. Adeno-associated virus-based shRNA selective silencing of IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) in Schwann cells, but not in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, attenuated pain-like behaviors.

Schwann cell endosome CGRP signals elicit periorbital mechanical allodynia in mice.

Efficacy of monoclonal antibodies against calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) or its receptor (calcitonin receptor-like receptor/receptor activity modifying protein-1, CLR/RAMP1) implicates peripherally-released CGRP in migraine pain. However, the site and mechanism of CGRP-evoked peripheral pain remain unclear. By cell-selective RAMP1 gene deletion, we reveal that CGRP released from mouse cutaneous trigeminal fibers targets CLR/RAMP1 on surrounding Schwann cells to evoke periorbital mechanical allodynia.

Six-years experience in major scalp defect reconstruction with free flap: analysis of the results.

Introduction The purposes of this study were to report 10-years experiences in microsurgical reconstruction of major scalp defects, comparing outcomes, evaluating complications.  Materials and methods From November to July 2015, 10 consecutive patients underwent microsurgical procedures for severe scalp defects. Results The average age was 55,1 years ranging from 6 to 87 years.

The use of resected SMAS as autologous graft for the correction of nasolabial folds during rejuvenating procedures.

Background And Aim: Despite several techniques are proposed, treatment of nasolabial folds is often challenging. During rejuvenation procedures, the SMAS could be redraped or partially resected during the procedure. The aim of this study is to investigate the use of obtained SMAS strip as autologous graft, because of its solid but pliable consistence and fatty composition, to correct nasolabial folds during procedures with SMAS resection.

Immediate-implant-based-breast-reconstruction with two-stage expander-implant reconstruction versus one-stage-reconstruction with acellular dermal matrix: analysis of patients' satisfaction.

Background The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the patient-reported outcome after immediate ADM-assisted implant- based breast reconstruction. Material and Methods Patients underwent breast reconstruction from 2015 to 2019 have been retrospectively divided into group A (partial subpectoral implant and ADM and group B (expander/implant). For each patient we evaluated retrospectively postoperative complications and patients' satisfaction.