8 results match your criteria: "Plant Poisoning Alkaloids - Quinolizidine & Isoquinoline"
Some phytotoxins causing reproductive alterations in ruminants.
Toxicon
August 2024
Private practice, Colombia.
Article Synopsis
- Phytotoxins in plants pose health risks for herbivores, especially ruminants, leading to reproductive issues like abortion and infertility that are often misattributed to other causes.
- Identifying the toxic plants can be challenging, as not all sources are known, making it difficult to address the resulting health issues due to unknown toxicodynamics.
- The research aims to inform about various metabolites, such as phytoestrogens and specific alkaloids, and their effects on animal health and biological responses.
An Evaluation of Hair, Oral Fluid, Earwax, and Nasal Mucus as Noninvasive Specimens to Determine Livestock Exposure to Teratogenic Lupine Species.
J Agric Food Chem
January 2019
Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service , United States Department of Agriculture , 1150 E. 1400 N. , Logan , Utah 84341 , United States.
Article Synopsis
- The western U.S. livestock industry suffers around $500 million annually due to losses from poisonous plants, particularly Lupinus species, which can harm livestock.
- Common challenges in diagnosing plant poisoning stem from the lack of suitable specimens for analysis.
- This study found that earwax, hair, oral fluid, and nasal mucus can be effective noninvasive samples to detect exposure to the toxic compounds in Lupinus species in cattle.
Poisoning after Ingestion of Spartium junceum Seeds: Dose-Dependent Effects in Three Boys.
J Emerg Med
September 2017
Toxicology Laboratory, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.
Article Synopsis
- Spanish broom (Spartium junceum L.) is a decorative and medicinal plant that can be poisonous, particularly due to its content of quinolizidine alkaloids like cytisine, which affect the nervous system.
- A case involving three children aged 5-6 revealed varying symptoms based on the number of seeds ingested, with responses ranging from asymptomatic to digestive and neurological issues, but all children showed good recovery with appropriate treatment.
- The incident highlights the need for better preventive measures and awareness among medical professionals regarding plant poisoning, especially since identifying the specific plant can be challenging during emergencies.
Lupines, poison-hemlock and Nicotiana spp: toxicity and teratogenicity in livestock.
J Nat Toxins
February 1999
Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Logan, UT 84341, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Many lupine species and some plants like poison-hemlock and Nicotiana spp. contain toxic alkaloids that can harm livestock, leading to fetal deformities.
- The main issues caused by these toxic alkaloids include maternal muscular weakness and specific skeletal defects in calves born to mothers that consumed these plants during pregnancy.
- The review discusses historical data, distribution of these plants, their effects, and suggests management strategies to mitigate livestock losses from these toxins.
Teratological research at the USDA-ARS poisonous plant research laboratory.
J Nat Toxins
February 1999
USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84341, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Research on teratogenic plants began in the 1950s to investigate birth defects in lambs caused by Veratrum californicum when pregnant ewes grazed it during a critical gestation period.
- Key researchers, Dr. Wayne Binns and Dr. Lynn F. James, discovered associations between various plants like lupine and locoweed and different birth defects in livestock, identifying specific toxic compounds responsible for these effects.
- Management strategies have since been developed to mitigate the economic impact of these teratogenic plants on livestock producers, emphasizing the importance of dietary influences on birth defects in animals.
Quinolizidine and piperidine alkaloid teratogens from poisonous plants and their mechanism of action in animals.
Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract
March 1993
United States Department of Agriculture, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, Utah.
Article Synopsis
- Quinolizidine and piperidine alkaloids from certain plant genera (Lupinus, Conium, and Nicotiana) have been linked to birth defects in livestock, previously mistaken for genetic issues.
- The awareness of these teratogens has improved diagnosis and understanding of defects like cleft palate and skeletal abnormalities, previously overlooked due to breeders' concerns about marketability.
- Research has clarified how these teratogenic compounds affect different livestock species, identifying critical gestation periods for specific defects and helping to understand their mechanisms of action.
Natural plant toxicants in milk: a review.
J Anim Sci
March 1990
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Logan, UT 84321.
Article Synopsis
- The excretion of plant toxins through the milk of lactating animals is a minor but potentially significant route for affecting the health of newborns and food safety for humans.
- Among the identified plant toxicants in milk are tremetol from white snakeroot and rayless goldenrod, which can lead to poisonings in both cows and humans.
- Other harmful compounds include various alkaloids and glucosinolates from multiple plants, and selenium accumulation can lead to toxicity in offspring if lactating animals consume excess amounts.
Congenital skeletal malformations and cleft palate induced in goats by ingestion of Lupinus, Conium and Nicotiana species.
Toxicon
May 1991
USDA/ARS/Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84321.
Article Synopsis
- Three plants containing piperidine alkaloids—Conium maculatum, Nicotiana glauca, and Lupinus formosus—caused multiple congenital contractures (MCC) and palatoschisis in goat kids when their mothers consumed these plants during pregnancy between days 30-60.
- The resulting skeletal abnormalities in the goat kids included issues like joint extensions or flexures, scoliosis, lordosis, torticollis, and rib cage deformities, alongside clinical signs of toxicity such as ataxia, muscle weakness, and even death.
- In contrast, Lupinus caudatus, a plant with quinolizidine alkaloids known to cause MCC in cows, had minimal toxic effects