Copper deposition in Wilson's disease causes male fertility decline by impairing reproductive hormone release through inducing apoptosis and inhibiting ERK signal in hypothalamic-pituitary of mice.

Wilson's disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive disorder of copper metabolism characterized by liver and central nervous system dysfunction. Considerable evidence suggests that infertility is also very common in male patients with WD, but the exact molecular mechanisms involved remain unknown. In order to further investigate the pathological changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular (HPT) axis and its mechanisms, mice were divided into the normal control group (NC), WD model TX mice group (WD), dimercaptosuccinic acid-treated TX mice group (DMSA), and pregnant horse serum gonadotropin-treated TX mice group (PMSG).

The FIGO Ovulatory Disorders Classification System†.

Ovulatory disorders are common causes of amenorrhea, abnormal uterine bleeding and infertility and are frequent manifestations of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). There are many potential causes and contributors to ovulatory dysfunction that challenge clinicians, trainees, educators, and those who perform basic, translational, clinical and epidemiological research. Similarly, therapeutic approaches to ovulatory dysfunction potentially involve a spectrum of lifestyle, psychological, medical and procedural interventions.

Generating novel pituitary datasets from open-source imaging data and deep volumetric segmentation.

Purpose: The estimated incidence of pituitary adenomas in the general population is 10-30%, yet radiographic diagnosis remains a challenge. Diagnosis is complicated by the heterogeneity of radiographic features in both normal (e.g.

Pregnancy after pituitary surgery does not influence the recurrence of Cushing's disease.

Purpose: Pregnancy is associated with the activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, which can cause a misdiagnosis of Cushing's syndrome. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of pregnancy after pituitary surgery on the recurrence rate in Cushing's disease (CD) patients.

Methods: This was a retrospective study in a tertiary center.

Adrenal insufficiency due to high doses of maternal corticosteroid treatment in a premature baby.

Adrenal insufficiency (AI) in a newborn due to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis suppression after maternal glucocorticoid therapy during pregnancy is a rare condition. We report an AI triggered by a nosocomial infection in a premature newborn. The suspected mechanism was the suppression of the HPA axis due to high doses of maternal glucocorticoid treatment during pregnancy.

The upregulation of glutamate decarboxylase 67 against hippocampal excitability damage in male fetal rats by prenatal caffeine exposure.

As a kind of xanthine alkaloid, caffeine is widely present in beverages, food, and analgesic drugs. Our previous studies have shown that prenatal caffeine exposure (PCE) can induce programmed hypersensitivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in offspring rats, which is involved in developing many chronic adult diseases. The present study further examined the potential molecular mechanism and toxicity targets of hippocampal dysfunction, which might mediate the programmed hypersensitivity of the HPA axis in offspring.

Non-Infectious Dermatological Manifestations among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus in Basrah, Iraq.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a clinical illness usually linked to a wide range of skin manifestations; however, skin, as the greatest organ in the body, has received little attention. As a result, this study aimed to detect the prevalence and pattern of non-infectious skin disorders among patients with diabetes. This study was carried out at the Faiha Specialized Diabetes, Endocrine, and Metabolism Center, Basrah Province, Iraq, from September 2020 to September 2021.

Cushing's disease: role of bilateral adrenalectomy.

Introduction: Laparoscopic bilateral adrenalectomy (BAD) is one of the treatments of Cushing's Disease (CD), but its indications and outcome is debated.

Methods: The literature on BAD was reviewed as part of a work performed for the Cushing's disease guideline.

Results: The surgical morbidity of BAD is reported between 10 and 18% and no mortality has been reported in the largest series.

Prenatal hair cortisol concentrations during the COVID-19 outbreak: Associations with maternal psychological stress and infant temperament.

Background: Maternal psychological stress during pregnancy, including stress resulting from disasters and trauma, has been linked to temperamental difficulties in offspring. Although heightened cortisol concentrations are often hypothesized as an underlying mechanism, evidence supporting this mechanism is not consistent, potentially because of methodological issues and low stress in the population.

Aim: To address these issues, this preregistered study investigated the following associations between: 1) prenatal psychological stress and hair cortisol, as a biomarker for chronic stress, during the COVID-19 outbreak (i.

The negative impact of lameness on dairy cow reproduction.

Lameness in modern dairy farms is a prevalent disorder that negatively affects all aspects of production. Additionally, is a prevailing contributor to the decreased welfare of cows. Recent research has added valuable knowledge on the negative impacts of lameness on dairy cow reproduction.

Thyroid Function at Age Fifty After Prenatal Famine Exposure in the Dutch Famine Birth Cohort.

Background: Early-life exposures during gestation may permanently alter thyroid physiology and health in adulthood. We investigated whether exposure to the Dutch Famine (1944-1945) in late, mid, or early gestation influences thyroid function (i.e.

Maternal-fetal stress and DNA methylation signatures in neonatal saliva: an epigenome-wide association study.

Background: Maternal stress before, during and after pregnancy has profound effects on the development and lifelong function of the infant's neurocognitive development. We hypothesized that the programming of the central nervous system (CNS), hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and autonomic nervous system (ANS) induced by prenatal stress (PS) is reflected in electrophysiological and epigenetic biomarkers. In this study, we aimed to find noninvasive epigenetic biomarkers of PS in the newborn salivary DNA.

Novel roles of luteinizing hormone (LH) in tissue regeneration-associated functions in endometrial stem cells.

Luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates the synthesis and secretion of the key steroid hormone estrogen, which subsequently promotes ovarian follicular growth and development. Therefore, the administration of exogenous LH to achieve superovulation (multiple ovulations) and an LH surge is commonly used as the most effective therapeutic option in a majority of in vitro fertilization (IVF) clinics. However, a relatively low pregnancy rate (between 20% and 35%) is one of the most challenging aspects of LH-based infertility treatment.

A Multicenter Cohort Study in Patients With Primary Empty Sella: Hormonal and Neuroradiological Features Over a Long Follow-Up.

Objective: primary empty sella (PES) represents a frequent finding, but data on hormonal alterations are heterogeneous, and its natural history is still unclear. Our aim was to evaluate the pituitary function of patients with PES over a long follow-up.

Design: multicenter retrospective cohort study enrolling patients referred between 1984-2020 to five Pituitary Units, with neuroradiological confirmed PES and a complete hormonal assessment.

[Septo optic dysplasia plus: about a case].

Septo optic dysplasia plus is a rare disease seen in children. Its diagnosis is radiological, based on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We report the case of a child aged 2 years and 4 months, with no particular pathological history; who consulted for psychomotor retardation, strabismus and low vision behavior.

[Genetic and prenatal diagnosis of a Chinese pedigree with autosomal recessive Wolfram syndrome 1 due to compound heterozygous variants of WFS1 gene].

Objective: To explore the genetic pathogenicity for a Chinese pedigree affected with severe syndromic deafness.

Methods: High-throughput sequencing was carried out to analyze the 415 genes associated with hereditary deafness in the proband who has hearing loss in association with optic atrophy and hyperglycemia. Candidate variants were verified by Sanger sequencing of the proband, her parents and the fetus.

Associations of maternal glucose markers in pregnancy with cord blood glucocorticoids and child hair cortisol levels.

Exposure to maternal hyperglycemia has been associated with adverse metabolic outcomes in offspring. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between maternal hyperglycemia and offspring cortisol levels. We assessed associations of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) with cortisol biomarkers in two longitudinal prebirth cohorts: Project Viva included 928 mother-child pairs and Gen3G included 313 mother-child pairs.

False Positive Pregnancy Test Before Kidney Transplant: Case Report and Review of Literature.

Pregnancy tests are routinely done before any surgery under general anesthesia including kidney transplantation. Positive test usually leads to more investigations to detect a possible pregnancy or malignancy and the surgery gets canceled or postponed. Because a kidney transplant from a deceased donor is not elective, it usually gets canceled in this scenario.

Idiopathic granulomatous hypophysitis mimicking adenoma.

Hypophysitis is a rare disease of pituitary gland, which, although it is usually a primary lesion, can also occur secondary to systemic conditions. Granulomatous hypophysitis is an inflammatory disease condition which accounts for less than 1% of all cellular lesions and can mimic adenoma. A 32-year-old woman presented with weight gain, galactorrhea and blurred vision.

Diagnosis and Management of Central Diabetes Insipidus in Adults.

Central diabetes insipidus (CDI) is a clinical syndrome which results from loss or impaired function of vasopressinergic neurons in the hypothalamus/posterior pituitary, resulting in impaired synthesis and/or secretion of arginine vasopressin (AVP). AVP deficiency leads to the inability to concentrate urine and excessive renal water losses, resulting in a clinical syndrome of hypotonic polyuria with compensatory thirst. CDI is caused by diverse etiologies, although it typically develops due to neoplastic, traumatic, or autoimmune destruction of AVP-synthesizing/secreting neurons.

Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome: phenotype, predictors, and pathophysiology of perinatal events.

Purpose: There is limited data regarding Pituitary Stalk Interruption Syndrome (PSIS) from India. Moreover, the pathophysiological link between perinatal events and PSIS is unclear. We aim to elucidate the predictors of PSIS among patients with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and perinatal events in PSIS by comparing cohorts of PSIS and genetically proven GHD without PSIS.