5,442 results match your criteria: "Pituitary Disease and Pregnancy"

Background: Cushing's syndrome (CS) encompasses various causes of hypercortisolism including adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secreting pituitary adenoma with or without bilateral adrenal hyperplasia, an adrenal adenoma or carcinoma, ectopic ACTH or corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) secretion by a neoplasm or exogenous corticosteroid therapy. The diagnosis of CS in pregnancy presents a challenge due to overlapping clinical features of pregnancy (weight gain, striae, acne). If untreated, CS in pregnancy is associated with increased risk of maternal and fetal complications.

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Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a form of heart failure, often severe, that occurs in previously healthy women at the end of their pregnancy or in the first few months after delivery. In PPCM, the recovery of heart function reaches 45-50%. However, the all-cause mortality in long-term observation remains high, reaching 20% irrespective of recovery status.

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[Multidisciplinary efforts to improve the diagnosis and treatment of cirrhosis due to anterior pituitary hypopituitarism].

Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi

January 2024

National Health Commission, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.

More and more clinical evidence confirms that hypopituitary dysfunction can lead to liver cirrhosis. The causes of hypopituitary dysfunction include sellarneoplastic diseases, hereditary diseases, perinatal adverse events, etc. Clinically, growth hormone deficiency (GHD) often the first cause in hypopituitary dysfunction.

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Secondary xanthogranulomatous hypophysitis mimicking a pituitary macroadenoma: a case report.

J Int Med Res

January 2024

Department of Endocrinology, La Rabta University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.

Hypophysitis is an extremely rare inflammatory disease that can mimic the clinical and radiological features of a pituitary adenoma. In this case report, we describe a 45-year-old woman with secondary xanthogranulomatous hypophysitis (XGH) who presented with signs of a pituitary macroadenoma. The patient complained of headaches, visual impairment, and amenorrhea-galactorrhea syndrome.

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Diurnal cortisol throughout pregnancy and its association with maternal depressive symptoms and birth outcomes.

Psychoneuroendocrinology

March 2024

Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedicine Institute of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain; Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBER of Mental Health, CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address:

Background: Depression during pregnancy is a common complication that can negatively affect fetal health and birth outcomes. Cortisol is believed to be a key mediator of this association. Although pregnancy entails a natural increase in cortisol levels, preclinical depression could alter its circadian rhythm, producing excessively high overall diurnal cortisol levels that might be harmful for the fetus and future offspring development.

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Local Effects of Steroid Hormones within the Bone Microenvironment.

Int J Mol Sci

December 2023

Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary.

Steroid hormone production via the adrenal cortex, gonads, and placenta (so-called glandular steroidogenesis) is responsible for the endocrine control of the body's homeostasis and is organized by a feedback regulatory mechanism based on the hypothalamus-pituitary-steroidogenic gland axis. On the other hand, recently discovered extraglandular steroidogenesis occurring locally in different tissues is instead linked to paracrine or autocrine signaling, and it is independent of the control by the hypothalamus and pituitary glands. Bone cells, such as bone-forming osteoblasts, osteoblast-derived osteocytes, and bone-resorbing osteoclasts, respond to steroid hormones produced by both glandular and extraglandular steroidogenesis.

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The Impact of Maternal Hypothyroidism during Pregnancy on Minipuberty in Boys.

J Clin Med

December 2023

Department of Pediatrics in Bytom, Faculty of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Stefana Batorego 15, 41-902 Bytom, Poland.

Article Synopsis
  • Minipuberty is a crucial phase in male infants characterized by increased reproductive hormone activity, essential for the development of genital organs.
  • This study examined the impact of maternal hypothyroidism during pregnancy on this process by comparing three groups of male infants with varying maternal thyroid conditions.
  • Results showed that infants of mothers with uncontrolled hypothyroidism (group A) had lower levels of testosterone and gonadotropins, along with reduced penile length and testicular volume, indicating that untreated thyroid issues negatively affect male hormone activation and genital development post-birth.
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The theory of "Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD)" espouses that environmental exposures to toxicants during critical developmental stages can affect health outcomes in adulthood. Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a plasticizer that can be transferred to developing organisms via the placenta and breast milk as an environmental endocrine disruptor. We herein implemented a cross-fostering model to decipher the contributions of prenatal vs.

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Prenatal cortisol exposure impairs adrenal function but not glucose metabolism in adult sheep.

J Endocrinol

March 2024

Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, UK.

Article Synopsis
  • This study examines how increased fetal cortisol levels, common in adverse prenatal conditions, affects adult sheep's metabolism and hormonal responses, particularly focusing on glucose-insulin dynamics and pituitary-adrenal function.
  • Results indicated that while birth weight remained unchanged, lambs whose mothers received cortisol during late gestation had higher body weight after birth, but their glucose and insulin sensitivity were unaffected by prenatal cortisol levels.
  • However, prenatal cortisol exposure led to reduced adrenal responsiveness in adulthood, notably lower cortisol responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia and higher concentrations of ACTH, suggesting that prenatal cortisol can alter stress response mechanisms later in life.
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Fertility issues in hypopituitarism.

Rev Endocr Metab Disord

June 2024

Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Drive, Grant-S025, Stanford, Palo Alto, CA, 94305-5103, USA.

Women with hypopituitarism have lower fertility rates and worse pregnancy outcomes than women with normal pituitary function. These disparities exist despite the use of assisted reproductive technologies and hormone replacement. In women with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, administration of exogenous gonadotropins can be used to successfully induce ovulation.

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Objective: Unexplained infertility affects nearly one-third of infertile couples. Women with unexplained infertility are more likely to have a high-normal thyroid-stimulating hormone level (TSH: 2.5-5 mIU/L) compared to women with severe male factor infertility.

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Introduction: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can lead to chronic diseases and mental health conditions; however, less is known about the associations of ACEs to the reproductive traumas of infertility and pregnancy loss. The purpose of this integrative review was to explore relationships between ACEs and the reproductive traumas of infertility and pregnancy loss.

Methods: We searched PubMed, SocINDEX, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases in December 2021 and 2022.

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Objective: To investigate the potential correlation between piwi-like RNA-mediated gene silencing 1 (PIWIL1) polymorphisms and susceptibility to epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).

Methods: A case-control study was conducted to evaluate the susceptibility of EOC using multinomial logistic regression analysis. The study analyzed the relationship between five functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the PIWIL1 gene and EOC risk.

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Outcomes in Maternal Graves' Disease: A Population-Based Mother-Infant Dyad Cohort Study.

Thyroid

January 2024

The Institute of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Dana-Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.

Graves' disease has been associated with adverse pregnancy, labor and delivery, and neonatal outcomes. Thyroid function levels, assessed during newborn screening (NBS), can serve as indicators of the adaptation in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. We utilized data from the national thyroid NBS program to investigate the characteristics of the mother-infant dyad of term infants born to mothers with past or active Graves' disease.

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Aim: To identify the symptoms and relevant factors associated with acute adrenal insufficiency of early-onset Sheehan syndrome.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 125 women admitted to our intensive care unit because of postpartum hemorrhage between January 2011 and December 2021. Three women developed acute adrenal insufficiency.

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Genomics, Transcriptomics, and Epigenetics of Sporadic Pituitary Tumors.

Arch Med Res

December 2023

Endocrine Research Unit, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico.

Pituitary tumors (PT) are highly heterogeneous neoplasms, comprising functioning and nonfunctioning lesions. Functioning PT include prolactinomas, causing amenorrhea-galactorrhea in women and sexual dysfunction in men; GH-secreting adenomas causing acromegaly-gigantism; ACTH-secreting corticotrophinomas causing Cushing disease (CD); and the rare TSH-secreting thyrotrophinomas that result in central hyperthyroidism. Nonfunctioning PT do not result in a hormonal hypersecretion syndrome and most of them are of gonadotrope differentiation; other non-functioning PT include null cell adenomas and silent ACTH-, GH- and PRL-adenomas.

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Prenatal ethanol exposure and changes in fetal neuroendocrine metabolic programming.

Biol Res

November 2023

Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430071, China.

Article Synopsis
  • Prenatal ethanol exposure (PEE) from maternal alcohol consumption can lead to intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), multi-organ developmental toxicity, and increased risk of chronic diseases in offspring, such as neuropsychiatric and metabolic disorders.
  • Ethanol affects fetal development through both direct toxicity to tissues and indirect effects mediated by maternal glucocorticoids, altering epigenetic modifications and developmental programming, especially of the neuroendocrine axes.
  • Offspring exposed to ethanol may exhibit a "thrifty phenotype" that results in catch-up growth with adequate nutrition but also a higher susceptibility to diseases in adverse conditions later in life.
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Obesity, affecting one in three pregnant women worldwide, is not only a major obstetric risk factor. The resulting low-grade inflammation may have a long-term impact on the offspring's HPA axis through dysregulation of maternal, placental and fetal corticosteroid metabolism, and children born of obese mothers have increased risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The long-term effects of maternal obesity on offspring neurodevelopment are, however, undetermined and could depend on the specific effects on placental and fetal cortisol metabolism.

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Pituitary gland volumes and stress: Results of a population-based adult sample.

J Psychiatr Res

December 2023

Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

Early and chronic stress was reported to alter the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis functioning which regulates the secretion of cortisol. Nevertheless, few studies mainly focused on specific study populations (e.g.

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Introduction: Primary hypophysitis (PH) is a rare disease that represents a challenge among differential diagnosis and management. Our aim was to describe clinical characteristics, diagnostic criteria and different treatment outcomes in patients with PH. Multicentric, retrospective study.

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Bluetongue virus (BTV), a major peril to the sheep industry, infects a wide range of the cells in the infected animals including mononuclear, dendritic and epithelial cells. However, little is known about its tropism for the secretory epithelial cells of endocrine glands and the pathogenesis it induces. The aim of the study was to assess the BTV load, antigen distribution in the tissue of the pituitary, thyroid as well as adrenal glands and associated histopathological consequences.

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Heavy metals are among the major pollutants affecting the environment, with a higher density of metal element than that of water and an extensive presence in the natural environment. Trace elements such as zinc, copper, nickel and chromium mediate important physiological functions and metabolic regulation at normal levels, and insufficient intake of them will lead to related diseases. Heavy metals such as cadmium, lead and mercury do not participate in the normal metabolism of the human body and will cause damage to the body even at an extremely low dose.

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A Case Report of Cushing's Disease Presenting With Psychosis and Muscle Weakness Postpartum.

J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep

November 2023

Department of Internal Medicine, Rasool Akram Medical Complex, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Cushing's syndrome is a condition leading to overproducing of cortisol by the adrenal glands. If the pituitary gland overproduces cortisol, it is called Cushing's disease. Cushing's syndrome and even Cushing's disease during and after pregnancy are rare events.

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Article Synopsis
  • - The study aimed to assess the incidence of abnormal endocrine dysfunction in women who experienced recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), comparing those with two losses to those with three or more.
  • - Researchers analyzed data from 537 women with RPL, finding that over 51% had abnormal endocrine test results, with thyroid dysfunction being the most common, while vitamin D deficiency was notably low.
  • - Results showed no significant differences in most endocrine dysfunction rates between the two groups, but obesity was significantly more prevalent in women with three or more losses.
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