Can we predict the risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with Cushing's syndrome: a nationwide cohort analysis.

Purpose: Patients with Cushing's syndrome (CS) have an increased venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk with most studies focusing on the perioperative period. The purpose of this study was to assess the 5-year VTE risk and identify predictors of VTE at CS diagnosis.

Methods: A comparative nationwide retrospective cohort study of 609 patients (mean age 48.

Improved Clinical Outcomes During Long-term Osilodrostat Treatment of Cushing Disease With Normalization of Late-night Salivary Cortisol and Urinary Free Cortisol.

Purpose: To assess whether simultaneous normalization of late-night salivary cortisol (LNSC) and mean urinary free cortisol (mUFC) in patients with Cushing disease treated with osilodrostat is associated with better clinical outcomes than control of mUFC or LNSC alone.

Methods: Pooled data from two phase III osilodrostat studies (LINC 3 and LINC 4) were analyzed. Both comprised a 48-week core phase and an optional open-label extension.

Higher risk and earlier onset glaucoma in Cushing's syndrome.

Purpose: Glaucoma incidence in patients with endogenous Cushing's syndrome (CS) has never been established. We aim to assess the risk for glaucoma among CS patients compared to controls and determine the age of disease onset.

Methods: A nationwide retrospective matched-cohort study of patients with endogenous CS diagnosed between 2000 and 2023.

Deciphering craniopharyngioma subtypes: Single-cell analysis of tumor microenvironment and immune networks.

Craniopharyngiomas, including adamantinomatous (ACP) and squamous papillary (PCP) types, are challenging to treat because of their proximity to crucial pituitary structures. This study aimed to characterize the cellular composition, tumor tissue diversity, and cell-cell interactions in ACPs and PCPs using single-cell RNA sequencing. Single-cell clustering revealed diverse cell types, further classified into developing epithelial, calcification, and immune response for ACP and developing epithelial, cell cycle, and immune response for PCP, based on gene expression patterns.

Breast Cancer risk in patients with dopamine agonist-treated hyperprolactinemia.

Purpose: Given prolactin's (PRL) multifaceted roles in mammary tissue, an association between hyperprolactinemia and breast cancer has been hypothesized. Despite previous studies not identifying this risk, we aimed to investigate whether a connection exists.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study compared breast cancer incidence in patients with dopamine agonist (DA)-treated hyperprolactinemia versus matched controls in a 1:5 ratio.

Investigating the relationship between cognitive impairment and brain white matter tracts using diffusion tensor imaging in patients with prolactinoma.

Background: Cognitive impairment is known to occur in patients with prolactinoma, but the underlying mechanism is unclear.

Objective: To evaluate cognitive function in patients with prolactinoma and to investigate the basis of possible cognitive impairment in brain white matter changes using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).

Methods: 37 consecutive patients with prolactinoma and 37 healthy controls of similar age, sex, and education were enrolled in the study.

GIP receptor antagonism eliminates paradoxical growth hormone secretion in some patients with acromegaly.

Context: About 30% of patients with active acromegaly experience paradoxically increased growth hormone (GH) secretion during the diagnostic oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Endogenous glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is implicated in this paradoxical secretion.

Objective: We used the GIP receptor (GIPR) antagonist GIP(3-30)NH2 to test the hypothesis that GIP mediates this paradoxical response when GIPR is abundantly expressed in somatotropinomas.

Endogenous Cushing's syndrome and cancer risk.

Objective: Cancer incidence in patients with endogenous Cushing's syndrome (CS) has never been established. Here, we aimed to assess the cancer risk in patients with CS as compared with individually matched controls.

Design: A nationwide retrospective matched cohort study of patients with endogenous CS diagnosed between 2000 and 2023 using the database of Clalit Health Services in Israel.

Utilizing Somapacitan, a Long-acting Growth Hormone Formulation, for the Treatment of Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency: A Guide for Clinicians.

Objective: Somapacitan is the first approved and currently the only long-acting growth hormone (GH) formulation in the United States for treatment of adults with growth hormone deficiency (GHD). The aim of this review was to provide a practical approach for clinicians on how to utilize somapacitan in the treatment of adults with GHD.

Methods: Literature search was performed on PubMed using key words, including adult GHD, long-acting growth hormone, somapacitan, treatment, and management.

Aortic root dilation in acromegaly.

Previous studies have linked persistent elevations in growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) to cardiac abnormalities including aortic root dilation. Guidelines in the management of this dilation below the size recommended for surgery have not been well defined but follow-up and intervention when appropriate could be life-saving. We report the case of a man in his 60s who had been living with undiagnosed acromegaly for many years.

Role of Medical and Surgical Treatment in Management of the Patients With Prolactinoma: A Single-Center Experience.

Background: Current guidelines recommend dopamine agonists (DA) as the primary therapeutic approach for prolactinomas; however, emerging evidence suggests that surgical intervention can also yield favorable outcomes.

Objective: To comprehensively evaluate prolactinoma patients undergoing surgical and medical treatments at our pituitary center.

Methods: Retrospective review of mMedical records from prolactinoma patients treated between 2015 and 2022 was performedwere retrospectively reviewed.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Screening and Effects of Surgery in Acromegaly: A Prospective Study.

Backgruound: To identify a screening tool for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and evaluate the effects of endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery on improving OSA in patients with acromegaly.

Methods: We prospectively enrolled adults with acromegaly scheduled for endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery. All measurements were conducted when participants were admitted for a baseline work-up for acromegaly before surgery and surveillance approximately 3 to 6 months after surgery.

The conundrum of differentiating Cushing's syndrome from non-neoplastic hypercortisolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Context: Once hypercortisolemia is confirmed, differential diagnosis between Cushing's syndrome (CS) due to neoplastic endogenous hypercortisolism and non-neoplastic hypercortisolism (NNH, pseudo-Cushing's syndrome) is crucial. Due to worldwide corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) unavailability, accuracy of alternative tests to dexamethasone (Dex)-CRH, is clearly needed.

Objective: Assess the diagnostic accuracy of Dex-CRH test, desmopressin stimulation test, midnight serum cortisol (MSC), and late-night salivary cortisol (LNSC) levels to distinguish CS from NNH.

Pathological characteristics of reoperated regrowing clinically nonfunctioning pituitary tumor cases in comparison with initial surgical cases.

Objective: Postoperative nonfunctioning pituitary tumor (NFPT) regrowth is a significant concern, but its predictive factors are not well established. This study aimed to elucidate the pathological characteristics of NFPTs indicated for reoperation for tumor regrowth.

Methods: Pathological, radiological, and clinical data were collected from patients who underwent repeat operation for NFPT at Moriyama Memorial Hospital (MMH) between April 2018 and September 2023.

Oral octreotide capsules for acromegaly treatment: application of clinical trial insights to real-world use.

Introduction: Acromegaly is a rare endocrine disorder usually caused by a benign growth hormone‒secreting pituitary adenoma. Surgical adenoma resection is typically the first line of treatment, and medical therapy is used for patients with persistent disease following surgery, for adenoma recurrence, or for patients ineligible for, or declining, surgery. Approved somatostatin receptor ligands (SRLs) have been limited to injectable options, until recently.

Standards of care for medical management of acromegaly in pituitary tumor centers of excellence (PTCOE).

Purpose: A series of consensus guidelines on medical treatment of acromegaly have been produced in the last two decades. However, little information is available on their application in clinical practice. Furthermore, international standards of acromegaly care have not been published.

Acromegaly and COVID-19, lessons, and new opportunities.

The COVID-19 pandemic created challenges in effective management of patients with acromegaly. Specifically, with regards to timely diagnosis, delays in surgeries, and disruption(s) to routine patient care. A transition to telemedicine did help to overcome safety restrictions that were placed on in-person care.

F-fluoro-ethyl-tyrosine PET co-registered with MRI in patients with persisting acromegaly.

Objective: To report our experience with F-fluoro-ethyl-tyrosine (FET) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) co-registered with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (FET-PET/MRI) in the care trajectory for persistent acromegaly.

Design: Prospective case series.

Patients: Ten patients with insufficiently controlled acromegaly referred to our team to evaluate surgical options.