A customized convolutional neural network-based approach for weeds identification in cotton crops.

Smart farming is a hot research area for experts globally to fulfill the soaring demand for food. Automated approaches, based on convolutional neural networks (CNN), for crop disease identification, weed classification, and monitoring have substantially helped increase crop yields. Plant diseases and pests are posing a significant danger to the health of plants, thus causing a reduction in crop production.

Nanowarriors from Mentha: Unleashing Nature's Antimicrobial Arsenal with Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles.

Medicinal plant-based cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeONPs) possessed excellent antimicrobial properties against multiple strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The CeONPs are popular because their electropositive charged surface causes oxidation of plasma membrane and facilitates the penetration of CeONPs inside the pathogen body. In the present research work, CeONPs stabilized with Mentha leaf extract; as a result, nanoparticles surface-bonded with various functional groups of phytochemicals which enhanced the therapeutic potential of CeONPs.

Towards deep learning based smart farming for intelligent weeds management in crops.

Introduction: Deep learning (DL) is a core constituent for building an object detection system and provides a variety of algorithms to be used in a variety of applications. In agriculture, weed management is one of the major concerns, weed detection systems could be of great help to improve production. In this work, we have proposed a DL-based weed detection model that can efficiently be used for effective weed management in crops.

Antioxidant and hypoglycemic potential of phytogenic cerium oxide nanoparticles.

Plants provide humans with more than just food and shelter; they are also a major source of medications. The purpose of this research was to investigate the antioxidant and hypoglycemic potential of green synthesized CeONPs using Mentha royleana leaves extract. The morphological and physicochemical features of CeONPs were evaluated by UV-Visible spectrophotometry, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-rays and Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry, Dynamic light scattering, Atomic Force Microscopy, Zeta Potential.

Mechanistic Approaches to the Application of Nano-Zinc in the Poultry and Biomedical Industries: A Comprehensive Review of Future Perspectives and Challenges.

Bio-fortification is a new, viable, cost-effective, and long-term method of administering crucial minerals to a populace with limited exposure to diversified foods and other nutritional regimens. Nanotechnology entities aid in the improvement of traditional nutraceutical absorption, digestibility, and bio-availability. Nano-applications are employed in poultry systems utilizing readily accessible instruments and processes that have no negative impact on animal health and welfare.

Maize-soybean intercropping at optimal N fertilization increases the N uptake, N yield and N use efficiency of maize crop by regulating the N assimilatory enzymes.

Introduction: Surplus use of chemical nitrogen (N) fertilizers to increase agricultural Q9 production causes severe problems to the agricultural ecosystem and environment. This is contrary to N use efficiency and sustainable agricultural production.

Methods: Hence, this study was designed to investigate the effect of maizesoybean intercropping on N uptake, N yield, N utilization use efficiency, and the associated nitrogen assimilatory enzymes of maize crops under different N fertilization for two consecutive years 2021-2022.

Sugar and acid profile of loquat ( Lindl.), enzymes assay and expression profiling of their metabolism-related genes as influenced by exogenously applied boron.

Soluble sugars and organic acids are the most abundant components in ripe fruits, and they play critical roles in the development of fruit flavor and taste. Some loquat cultivars have high acid content which seriously affect the quality of fruit and reduce the value of commodity. Consequently, studying the physiological mechanism of sugar-acid metabolism in loquat can clarify the mechanism of their formation, accumulation and degradation in the fruit.

Plant-Based Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Trigger Biochemical and Proteome Modifications in L. under Biotic Stress of .

In this study, we evaluated bioinspired titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO NPs) that elicited biochemical and proteome modifications in wheat plants under the biotic stress caused by . sp. ().

Synchronizing Nitrogen Fertilization and Planting Date to Improve Resource Use Efficiency, Productivity, and Profitability of Upland Rice.

Synchronizing nitrogen (N) fertilization with planting date (PD) could enhance resource use efficiency and profitability of upland rice ( L.) production in Thailand. The objective of the study was to assess upland rice responses to four N fertilization rates (NFRs) and three planting dates.

Molecular Effects of Biogenic Zinc Nanoparticles on the Growth and Development of L. Revealed by Proteomics and Transcriptomics.

Plants are indispensable on earth and their improvement in terms of food security is a need of time. The current study has been designed to investigate how biogenic zinc nanoparticles (Zn NPs) can improve the growth and development of L. In this study, Zn NPs were synthesized utilizing aqueous extracts, and their morphological and optical properties were assessed using UV-Visible spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD).

COVID-19 Significantly Affects Maternal Health: A Rapid-Response Investigation from Pakistan.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still unfolding. Its several implications are visible, yet more of them we have to observe and witness in future. Dealing with these impacts, this rapid-response article aims to situate the COVID-19 pandemic within Pakistan's overall sociocultural and politico-economic context; next to investigate the impacts of COVID-19 particularly the psychological ones on pregnant women in Pakistan via five case.

Comparative assessment of various supplementary diets on commercial honey bee (Apis mellifera) health and colony performance.

A healthy honey bee stock is critical to the beekeeping industry and the sustainability of the ecosystem. The quality of the supplemental diet influences the development and strength of the colony, especially during the pollen dearth period in the surrounding environment. However, the extent to which pollen substitute protein feeding affects honey bee colony parameters is not fully known.

Host-seeking behavior and fecundity of the female Aedes aegypti to human blood types.

Background: Mosquitoes express different degrees of preference towards hosts depending on behavioral, ecological, and physiological factors. These preferences have implications for mosquito-borne disease risk. This study investigated the effect of human blood groups on the behavior and fecundity of the female Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) from March 2018 to August 2019.

Effects of native pollinator communities on the physiological and chemical parameters of loquat tree () under open field condition.

Wild and managed pollinators are the key component of biodiversity, contributing to important ecosystem services such as pollination and supporting human food security. Pollination by insects is a crucial component of the food chain that ensures the production of fruits and strongly affects the fruit quality, but the effect of insect pollination on fruit physiological and chemical parameters is largely unknown. The current study was conducted to determine the insect pollinators diversity and their relative abundance in the loquat () orchard during 2017-2019.

Novel Insight Into the Development and Function of Hypopharyngeal Glands in Honey Bees.

Hypopharyngeal glands (HGs) are the most important organ of hymenopterans which play critical roles for the insect physiology. In honey bees, HGs are paired structures located bilaterally in the head, in front of the brain between compound eyes. Each gland is composed of thousands of secretory units connecting to secretory duct in worker bees.

First record and taxonomic description of the genus (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Plusiinae) from Pakistan.

Species belonging to genus, Fabricius of the subfamily Plusiinae which are polyphagous in nature and pest of vegetables, foods, legumes, fodder, fruits, ornamental plants and cotton crops. Samples were collected from different localities of district Bahawalpur. For collection, comprehensive and comparative surveys were carried out during 2017-18 on taxonomic account of species of the genus Fabricius and resulted identified one species (Fabricius) first time from Pakistan.

Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping for physiological and biochemical attributes in a Pasban90/Frontana recombinant inbred lines (RILs) population of wheat () under salt stress condition.

Salt stress causes nutritional imbalance and ion toxicity which affects wheat growth and production. A population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) were developed by crossing Pasban90 (salt tolerant) and Frontana (salt suceptible) for identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for physiological traits including relative water content, membrane stability index, water potential, osmotic potential, total chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and biochemical traits including proline contents, superoxide dismutase, sodium content, potassium content, chloride content and sodium/potassium ratio by tagging 202 polymorphic simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers. Linkage map of RILs comprised of 21 linkage group covering A, B and D genome for tagging and maped a total of 60 QTLs with major and minor effect.

Fluorosis and cognitive development among children (6-14 years of age) in the endemic areas of the world: a review and critical analysis.

The fluoride contamination in water is still a live discussion among the scientific community, because of its beneficial and injurious health effects inflicted on the human population. The magnitude of groundwater fluoride contamination is aggravated by increasing anthropogenic activities. Groundwater is supposedly the main source through which people are highly exposed to fluoride, compared with other sources of exposure.

Nutritional status of different biosolids and their impact on various growth parameters of wheat ( L.).

Biosolids can be effectively recycled and applied as soil amendments for agricultural crops because they contain several important micro and macronutrients including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, manganese. In the current study, we evaluated the effectiveness of seven biosoilds on different growth parameters of wheat crop. The biosolids used were lime stabilized, composted, liquid mesophilic anaerobically digested (liquid MAD), thermally dried mesophilic anaerobically digested (thermally dried MAD), thermally hydrolyzed mesophilic anaerobically digested (thermally hydrolysed MAD), dewatered mesophilic anaerobically digested (dewatered MAD) and thermally dried raw biosolids.

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Toxoplasma gondii in Wild Birds of Punjab Province, Pakistan.

Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite of veterinary and human public health importance for which birds act as an intermediate host. No information is available about the epidemiology of T. gondii in wild birds of Pakistan.

Tracing biomarker of PAH-exposure and susceptibility factor (GSTM-polymorphism) among cancer patients in Pakistan.

We studied cancer patients for possible PAH exposure, using urinary concentration of 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) as a biomarker of internal dose of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The subjects included in this study belonged to various socio-demographic backgrounds, and were diagnosed with cancer (i.e.