486 results match your criteria: "Pinta"
Human treponemal infections are caused by a family of closely related Treponema pallidum that give rise to the diseases yaws, bejel, pinta and, most famously, syphilis. Debates on both a common origin for these pathogens and the history of syphilis itself has weighed evidence for the "Columbian hypothesis", which argues for an American origin, against that for the "pre-Columbian hypothesis", which argues for presence of the disease in Eurasia in the Medieval period and possibly earlier. While molecular data has provided a genetic basis for distinction of the typed subspecies, deep evolution of the complex has remained unresolved due to limitations in the conclusions that can be drawn from the sparse paleogenomic data currently available.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA randomized double-blind noninferiority clinical multicenter trial on oral moxifloxacin versus placebo in the outpatient treatment of uncomplicated acute appendicitis: APPAC IV study protocol.
Scand J Surg
December 2024
Division of Digestive Surgery and Urology Turku University Hospital P.O. Box 52 20521 Turku Finland.
Background: Antibiotic therapy is currently considered a safe and effective treatment alternative for computed tomography (CT)-confirmed uncomplicated acute appendicitis with recent studies reporting good results on both oral antibiotics only and outpatient management. Furthermore, there are promising pilot results on uncomplicated acute appendicitis management with symptomatic treatment (placebo). This trial aims to assess whether both antibiotics and hospitalization can be safely omitted from the treatment of uncomplicated acute appendicitis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiofilm growth dynamics in a micro-irrigation with reclaimed wastewater in the field scale.
J Environ Manage
November 2024
INRAE, UMR G-EAU, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France. Electronic address:
The dripper clogging due to the development of biofilm can reduce the benefits of micro-irrigation technology implementation using reclaimed wastewater. The narrow cross-section and labyrinth geometry of the dripper channel enhance the fouling mechanisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the water distribution and biofouling of drip irrigation systems at the field scale during irrigation with treated wastewater.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImpact of an appendicolith and its characteristics on the severity of acute appendicitis.
BJS Open
September 2024
Division of Digestive Surgery and Urology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
Article Synopsis
- Antibiotics can effectively treat uncomplicated acute appendicitis without an appendicolith, but this study focuses on how the presence and characteristics of an appendicolith (a small calculus in the appendix) relate to the severity of appendicitis.
- In a review of over 3,000 patients with suspected appendicitis, it was found that those with an appendicolith had a significantly higher rate of complications (47.1% vs. 21.5%) compared to those without.
- Key findings indicated that certain features of the appendicolith, such as its size, location, and associated appendiceal wall changes, are linked to an increased risk of serious complications in appendicitis patients.
Glucagon promotes increased hepatic mitochondrial oxidation and pyruvate carboxylase flux in humans with fatty liver disease.
Cell Metab
November 2024
Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- * There was no significant difference in mitochondrial oxidation rates between the MASL/MASLD groups and controls, indicating that fatty liver conditions do not impair this process.
- * An increase in plasma glucagon levels enhanced mitochondrial oxidation rates by 50%-75% in both groups and boosted glucose production by about 50% specifically in the MASL group, partially through increased mitochondrial activity.
Parastomal Hernia Prevention Using Funnel-Shaped Intra-Abdominal Mesh Compared to No Mesh: The Chimney Randomized Clinical Trial.
JAMA Surg
November 2024
Oulu University Hospital, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
Article Synopsis
- The study examines the effectiveness and safety of funnel-shaped synthetic mesh in preventing parastomal hernias among patients undergoing surgery for rectal adenocarcinoma.
- Conducted as a randomized trial across multiple hospitals in Finland and Sweden, it involved 143 patients, with a focus on comparing outcomes between those receiving the mesh and those who did not.
- Results revealed a significant reduction in the incidence of parastomal hernias at 12 months: 10% in the mesh group versus 37% in the control group, indicating the mesh's potential benefit in hernia prevention.
Chromosome-scale Salvia hispanica L. (Chia) genome assembly reveals rampant Salvia interspecies introgression.
Plant Genome
September 2024
Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Salvia hispanica L. (Chia) is an important crop in Mesoamerica, valued for its nutritional benefits linked to fatty acids in its seeds; varieties include Chia pinta (mixed white and black) and Chia negra (black).
- Researchers created a detailed genome assembly of the Chia pinta variety and compared it with an existing Chia negra genome, finding high genetic similarity and identifying more terpene synthase genes in Chia pinta.
- The study also sequenced 20 different Chia accessions based on seed color and origin, shedding light on the population structure and complex evolutionary history of the Salvia genus, which includes evidence of hybridization between species.
Current landscape of gastrointestinal radiation oncology in Spain: a multicenter real-life survey and comparison with key clinical guidelines.
Rep Pract Oncol Radiother
July 2024
Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
Article Synopsis
- The GI Tumors Workgroup of the Spanish Society of Radiation Therapy surveyed radiation oncologists in December 2020 to evaluate their adherence to international treatment guidelines for gastrointestinal tumors.
- The survey revealed a high level of adherence to standard treatments, with techniques like IMRT/VMAT being preferred for esophageal, gastric, pancreatic, and rectal cancers.
- Overall, the results indicate that radiation therapy practices in Spain are largely in line with international recommendations, emphasizing a commitment to evidence-based medicine.
The Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein 1 confers immune evasive properties on pancreatic cancer stem cells.
Gut
August 2024
Cancer Stem Cells and Fibroinflammatory Microenvironment Group, Cancer Department, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IIBM) Sols-Morreale CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
Article Synopsis
- The study focuses on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and how cancer stem cells (CSCs) contribute to its aggressive nature and resistance to therapies, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors.
- Researchers used a mouse model and primary tumor cell lines to identify CSC populations and their immune evasion strategies, discovering that the gene peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 (PGLYRP1) is significantly overexpressed in these cells.
- The findings suggest PGLYRP1 plays a key role in helping CSCs evade immune responses, highlighting its potential as a new target for immunotherapy in PDAC patients.
Third national surgical consensus conference of the Italian Association of Breast Surgeons (ANISC) on management after neoadjuvant chemotherapy: The difficulty in reaching a consensus.
Eur J Surg Oncol
July 2024
Breast Center, San Giovanni-Addolorata Hospital, Via Dell'Amba Aradam 8, 00184, Rome, Italy.
Article Synopsis
- Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) significantly affects breast cancer surgery, leading to a national Consensus Conference by the Italian Association of Breast Surgeons (ANISC) involving various specialists.
- In November 2022, 164 specialists from 74 Breast Centers participated in an online conference to vote on eleven controversial NAC-related issues, achieving consensus on only three.
- The results showed a general agreement on assessing tumor response via MRI, reassessing biological factors of residual tumors, and possibly skipping formal axillary node dissection for certain patients, highlighting the variability in surgical practices post-NAC.
Three-Year Outcomes of Oral Antibiotics vs Intravenous and Oral Antibiotics for Uncomplicated Acute Appendicitis: A Secondary Analysis of the APPAC II Randomized Clinical Trial.
JAMA Surg
July 2024
Division of Digestive Surgery and Urology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
Importance: Current short-term evidence has shown that uncomplicated acute appendicitis can be treated successfully with oral antibiotics alone, but longer-term results are lacking.
Objective: To assess the treatment effectiveness of oral antibiotic monotherapy compared with combined intravenous (IV) and oral antibiotics in computed tomography-confirmed uncomplicated acute appendicitis at a longer-term follow-up.
Design, Setting, And Participants: This secondary analysis of a predefined year 3 follow-up of the Appendicitis Acuta II (APPAC II) noninferiority, multicenter randomized clinical trial compared oral moxifloxacin with combined IV ertapenem plus oral levofloxacin and metronidazole for the treatment of uncomplicated acute appendicitis.
Breast Reconstruction using the Anterior Approach Scarless Latissimus Dorsi Muscular flap: A Single Center Retrospective Study.
JPRAS Open
June 2024
Breast Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera San Giovanni-Addolorata, Via Dell'Amba Aradam 8, Rome, Italy.
Article Synopsis
- The scarless latissimus dorsi (LD) flap technique is a breast reconstruction method that uses muscle tissue to improve coverage of breast implants without requiring additional skin, reducing the risk of complications after mastectomy.
- A study reviewed the outcomes of 19 patients who underwent this surgery between September 2019 and June 2022, evaluating their satisfaction through the Breast-Q questionnaire one year post-operation.
- Results showed a surgical time of around 130 minutes, with 83% of patients rating their aesthetic results as good to excellent, indicating the technique's reliability and advantage in minimizing risks associated with skin necrosis.
Whole-genome analysis reveals the diversification of Galapagos rail (Aves: Rallidae) and confirms the success of goat eradication programs.
J Hered
July 2024
Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94132-1722, United States.
Article Synopsis
- The Galapagos rail has lost flight ability since colonizing the Galapagos Islands about 1.2 million years ago and has faced severe habitat loss due to overgrazing by introduced goats, resulting in declining populations and reduced genetic diversity.
- Researchers investigated the evolutionary history and genetic distribution of Galapagos rails across different islands, revealing distinct populations and isolation events linked to the separation of landmasses.
- The study highlights that long runs of homozygosity in the rails' genomes likely stem from historical population bottlenecks and emphasizes the importance of goat eradication to prevent inbreeding in surviving rail populations.
Clipping a Positive Lymph Node Improves Accuracy of Nodal Staging After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer Patients, but Does It Drive Management Changes?
Ann Surg Oncol
May 2024
Breast Center, San Giovanni-Addolorata Hospital, Rome, Italy.
Article Synopsis
- Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy for breast cancer patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy is difficult due to a high false-negative rate, but using dual tracers and clipped lymph nodes (CLN) can improve results.* -
- A study of 73 patients showed a 98.6% identification rate for CLNs, with 59% achieving a complete response in lymph nodes, although some cases saw discrepancies between SLNs and CLNs.* -
- Targeted axillary dissection (TAD) proved to be more accurate than SLN alone, leading to changes in surgical or oncologic management for about 10% of patients, signaling the need for further research.*
Effects of Parboiling on Chemical Properties, Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Capacity in Colored Landrace Rice.
Foods
January 2024
Faculty of Food Industry, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand.
Article Synopsis
- Parboiling affects the chemical composition of rice, reducing fiber, total phenolic content, and antioxidant capacity while not significantly impacting ash and protein content.
- The study analyzed various landrace rice genotypes, finding that Medmakham cv. had the highest phenolic content and antioxidant capacity, while Glam Feang cv. had the highest protein content.
- Cluster analysis revealed distinct groupings among rice genotypes based on their chemical properties, highlighting the importance of understanding how parboiling affects rice nutrition for better processing and selection.
Prevention of incisional hernia with retrorectus synthetic mesh versus biological mesh following loop ileostomy closure (Preloop trial).
Br J Surg
January 2024
Department of Surgery, Medical Research Centre Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
Article Synopsis
- The Preloop trial was a multicenter randomized controlled trial assessing the safety and effectiveness of synthetic mesh versus biological mesh in preventing incisional hernias after loop ileostomy closure for rectal cancer.
- The study involved 102 patients, with outcomes measured for surgical site infections, hernia incidence at 10 months, and additional complications within 30 days and over 5 years.
- Results showed no significant difference in hernia occurrence or complications between the two types of mesh, suggesting that synthetic mesh is as safe and effective as biological mesh for this procedure.
Sacral neuromodulation in endometriosis - A promising treatment option for chronic pelvic pain.
Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand
December 2023
Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland.
Article Synopsis
- Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) affects over 20% of women globally, with endometriosis being a leading cause; the study investigates the effectiveness of sacral neuromodulation (SNM) for treating refractory CPP in these patients.
- Conducted as a multicenter pilot study starting in 2017, the research involved patients with chronic pelvic pain solely linked to endometriosis after other treatments failed; outcomes were assessed through several questionnaires measuring pain and quality of life.
- Results from 15 out of 35 patients showed significant pain reduction after one year, with many reporting improvements in symptom severity and overall health-related quality of life, indicating that SNM may be a beneficial treatment option.
Factors associated to influenza vaccination among hospital's healthcare workers in the Autonomous Community of Madrid, Spain 2021-2022.
Vaccine
October 2023
Subdirección General de Prevención y Promoción de la Salud, Consejería de Sanidad de la Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- The study focused on influenza vaccination coverage among healthcare workers (HCWs) in public hospitals in Madrid during the 2021-2022 season, revealing an overall vaccination rate of 52.1%.
- Individual factors positively linked to vaccine uptake included being female, older age, being born in Spain, holding a medical position, having multiple high-risk conditions, and previous vaccination history.
- The research highlights that while some hospitals had varying impacts on vaccination rates, the overall coverage for HCWs was still suboptimal, suggesting a need for targeted strategies to increase vaccine uptake among specific groups.
Are liver contour and bone fusion comparable to fiducials for IGRT in liver SBRT?
Tech Innov Patient Support Radiat Oncol
September 2023
Radiation Oncology Department. IRYCIS. Ramón y Cajal Hospital. Crta Colmenar Viejo Km 9,100. 28034, Madrid, Spain.
Article Synopsis
- Liver SBRT is being evaluated for its effectiveness in accurately positioning patients for treatment, focusing on comparing fiducial markers against liver contours and bone references.
- A study involving 18 patients analyzed the differences in displacement when using these methods, revealing that fiducials were more reliable in positioning.
- Results indicated that liver contouring yielded smaller displacements compared to bone references and was nearly as precise as fiducials, suggesting it could be a viable alternative when fiducials aren't used.
Laparoscopic versus hybrid approach for treatment of incisional ventral hernia: a 5-10-year follow-up of the randomized controlled multicenter study.
Hernia
February 2024
Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
Article Synopsis
- A study compared two methods for repairing incisional ventral hernias: laparoscopic repair with intraperitoneal mesh (LG) versus a hybrid approach that includes open closure of the fascial defect (HG).
- Out of 193 patients, 65 in the LG group and 60 in the HG group were followed up after 5-10 years, revealing similar hernia recurrence rates of around 16.9% for LG and 16.7% for HG.
- The long-term quality of life and pain levels reported by patients in both groups were comparable, indicating that adding fascial closure did not significantly impact outcomes despite existing recommendations.
Stability of Phenols, Antioxidant Capacity and Grain Yield of Six Rice Genotypes.
Plants (Basel)
July 2023
Faculty of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigated how different environments impact rice grain yield, phytochemical composition, and antioxidant activity among six rice genotypes across three locations in Thailand.
- Results showed that the highest grain yield occurred in Bangkok, while antioxidant activity peaked in Bangkok and Sakon Nakhon; different genotypes exhibited varied performance.
- The findings suggest that certain rice genotypes, like Mali Nil Boran and Riceberry, are more stable in terms of beneficial phytochemicals, which can guide breeding programs for healthier rice varieties.
Interobserver Variability in Contouring Hepatocellular Carcinoma at a Tertiary Center.
Cancer Diagn Progn
July 2023
Radiation Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, IRYCIS, Alcalá University, Madrid, Spain.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides better visualization of hepatocellular carcinoma compared to computed tomography (CT) for delineating the gross tumor volume (GTV) in liver stereotactic radiotherapy.
- Eight radiation oncologists evaluated CT and MRI scans to define GTV volumes in five patients, with results showing minor differences in average volume delineation between the two imaging modalities.
- The findings suggest that while CT is sufficient for well-defined tumors, MRI can be beneficial for cases where tumors are not clearly visible, highlighting significant interobserver variability in GTV delineation.
Intraoperative Examination of Retro-Areolar Margin is not Routinely Necessary During Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy for Cancer.
Ann Surg Oncol
October 2023
Breast Center, San Giovanni-Addolorata Hospital, Rome, Italy.
Article Synopsis
- Intraoperative examination of the retro-areolar margin (IERM) is commonly used during nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) for breast cancer, but there's limited evidence on its actual benefits.
- A study analyzing 162 women who underwent NSM without IERM from 2016 to 2021 found that only 10.5% had neoplastic cells close to the margin, and the vast majority (94%) preserved their Nipple-Areola Complex (NAC).
- The research concluded that IERM may not be necessary during NSM as its omission does not increase complications or negatively impact cancer outcomes, suggesting the need for further studies to validate these results.
Establishment of Pancreatic Cancer-Derived Tumor Organoids and Fibroblasts From Fresh Tissue.
J Vis Exp
May 2023
Molecular Epidemiology and Predictive Tumor Markers Group, Area 3, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS); The Biomedical Research Network in Cancer (CIBERONC); Biobank and Biomodels Platform (PT20/0045), ISCIII research and development platforms in biomedicine and health sciences, BioBank Hospital Ramón y Cajal-IRYCIS, Spanish National Biobanks Network (ISCIII Biobank Register No. B.0000678), Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS);
Article Synopsis
- * Establishing these organoids requires advanced cell culture techniques, specific growth factors, and a suitable environment, and their success is influenced by factors like the type of tumor and sample quality.
- * The text outlines an effective protocol for creating tumor organoids from pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissues, which is feasible for labs with basic equipment and can be beneficial for advancing cancer research.