Identifying Bacteria Responsible for Non-Sulphate-Based Hydrogen Sulphide Production in Aquaculture.

The unintended microbiological production of hydrogen sulphide (HS) poses a significant challenge in engineered systems, including sewage treatment plants, landfills and aquaculture systems. Although sulphur-rich amino acids and other substrates conducive to non-sulphate-based HS production are frequently present, the capacity and potential of various microorganisms to perform sulphate-free HS production remain unclear. In this study, we identify the identity, activity and genomic characteristics of bacteria that degrade cysteine to produce HS in anaerobic enrichment bioreactors seeded with material from aquaculture systems.

Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activation Promotes Effector CD4+ T Cell Homeostasis and Restrains Salt-sensitive Hypertension.

Excess dietary salt and salt-sensitivity contribute to cardiovascular disease. Distinct T cell phenotypic responses to high salt and hypertension as well as influences from environmental cues are not well understood. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is activated by dietary ligands, promoting T cell and systemic homeostasis.

Status in Brain Gliomas Can Be Predicted by the Spherical Mean MRI Technique.

Background And Purpose: Diffuse gliomas, a heterogeneous group of primary brain tumors, have traditionally been stratified by histology, but recent insights into their molecular features, especially the mutation status, have fundamentally changed their classification and prognosis. Current diagnostic methods, still predominantly relying on invasive biopsy, necessitate the exploration of noninvasive imaging alternatives for glioma characterization.

Materials And Methods: In this prospective study, we investigated the utility of the spherical mean technique (SMT) in predicting the status and histologic grade of adult-type diffuse gliomas.

Effect of exercise on kidney-relevant biomarkers in the general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Physical activity (PA) has been generally recognised as beneficial for health. The effect of a change in PA on kidney biomarkers in healthy individuals without kidney disease remains unclear. This manuscript synthesised the evidence of the association of changes in PA with kidney biomarkers in the general population free from kidney disease.

Do continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics predict macrovascular and microvascular complications in diabetes? The FACULTY protocol of a retrospective real-world cohort study.

Introduction: Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) is currently the gold standard for assessing glycaemic control in diabetes, given the established relationship with microvascular and macrovascular complications in this condition. However, HbA1c is affected by non-glycaemic factors, while also failing to provide data on hypoglycaemic exposure and glucose variability, which are associated with adverse vascular outcomes. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)-derived glucose metrics provide a more comprehensive assessment of glycaemia, but their role in predicting future vascular complications remains unclear.

Association between urinary metallothionein concentration and causes of death among cadmium-exposed residents in Japan: a 35-year follow-up study.

Background: As research progresses, there is a growing body of evidence indicating that urinary metallothionein (MT) levels may be elevated in individuals exposed to cadmium (Cd). This study aimed to investigate the potential association between urinary MT levels and causes of mortality among residents of the Kakehashi River Basin who have been exposed to Cd.

Method: The study involved a total of 1,398 men and 1,731 women were conducted between 1981 and 1982, with follow-up until November 2016.

Interplay of NF-κB and PPAR-γ transcription factors in patients with juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus.

Objective: Juvenile SLE (jSLE) is an autoimmune disease characterised by the presence of high levels of autoantibodies, predominantly targeting nuclear antigens, resulting in a breakdown of self-tolerance. However, its pathogenesis is multifactorial and poorly understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) as biomarkers for jSLE.

[Disseminated toxoplasmosis after cord blood transplantation diagnosed at autopsy].

A 54-year-old woman underwent cord blood transplantation in second remission of acute myeloid leukemia. She tested positive for anti-toxoplasma IgG antibody before transplantation. After neutrophil engraftment, she complained of foggy vision, but brain MRI showed no abnormality.

Evaluation of rewarding effects of nitazene analogs: results from conditioned place preference tests and in vivo microdialysis experiments in mice.

In illicit drug markets, the most recently expanding new synthetic opioid subclass is benzimidazoles, also known as nitazenes, which were originally developed as analgesics in the 1950s. The emergence of this classical, potent drug family has attracted extensive research interest in the field of forensic toxicology; however, information on their psychological and physical dependence is very limited. Herein, we evaluated the rewarding effects of four nitazene analogs using a battery of in vivo experiments, with a positive control drug (isotonitazene).

Divergent destinies: insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying EPI and PE fate determination.

Mammalian pre-implantation development is entirely devoted to the specification of extra-embryonic lineages, which are fundamental for embryo morphogenesis and support. The second fate decision is taken just before implantation, as defined by the epiblast (EPI) and the primitive endoderm (PE) specification. Later, EPI forms the embryo proper and PE contributes to the formation of the yolk sac.

COA5 has an essential role in the early stage of mitochondrial complex IV assembly.

Pathogenic variants in cytochrome oxidase assembly factor 5 (COA5), a proposed complex IV (CIV) assembly factor, have been shown to cause clinical mitochondrial disease with two siblings affected by neonatal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy manifesting a rare, homozygous missense variant (NM_001008215.3: c.157G>C, p.

The Role of Atrial Fibrillation and Oral Anticoagulation Status in Health-Related Quality of Life 12 Months After Ischemic Stroke or TIA.

Aims: Atrial fibrillation (AF) accounts for about 20% of all ischemic strokes worldwide. It is known that AF impairs health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in the general population, but data on HRQOL in stroke patients with newly diagnosed AF are sparse.

Methods: Post hoc analysis of the prospective, investigator-initiated, multicenter MonDAFIS study (NCT02204267) to analyze whether AF-related oral anticoagulation (OAC), and/or AF-symptom severity are associated with HRQOL after ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA).

Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer: updates and best practices for multiplex immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) image analysis and data sharing.

Objectives: Multiplex immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence (mIHC/IF) are emerging technologies that can be used to help define complex immunophenotypes in tissue, quantify immune cell subsets, and assess the spatial arrangement of marker expression. mIHC/IF assays require concerted efforts to optimize and validate the multiplex staining protocols prior to their application on slides. The best practice guidelines for staining and validation of mIHC/IF assays across platforms were previously published by this task force.

Reducing postoperative blood product usage and costs in cardiothoracic surgery: the implementation of a multispecialty perioperative care model incorporating a haemostasis checklist.

Transfusion of blood products following cardiothoracic surgery represents a significant proportion of national blood product usage, has significant cost implications and is associated with increased 30-day mortality. Following identification of an increase in blood product use, we implemented a healthcare improvement initiative using a perioperative care model and establishment of a new multispecialty cardiothoracic surgery taskforce to further define and tackle the problem. The initiative incorporated a bundle of preoperative identification of high-risk patients, an intraoperative haemostasis checklist, a programme of unit education focussing on bleeding postbypass and use of thromboelastography and introduction of postoperative protocols for identification and escalation of bleeding.

miR-21 and cathepsin B in familial Mediterranean fever: novel findings regarding their impact on disease severity.

Objective: The limited predictive effect of genotype on familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) phenotype suggests that epigenetic factors and alternative mechanisms that may cause IL-1β release could contribute to phenotypic heterogeneity. The objective of this study was to examine the role of IL-1β levels and miR-21-5p, cathepsin B and pyrin levels, which were identified as potential factors causing IL-1β release through the use of bioinformatics tools, in the pathogenesis of FMF and their relationship with disease severity.

Materials And Methods: 50 paediatric patients with FMF and 40 healthy children were enrolled in this study.

Proximate composition, peptide characterization and bioactive properties of faba bean blanching water.

Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) offers a rich nutritional profile with high protein content and abundant vitamins and minerals. Processing of faba beans for freezing requires blanching, yielding liluva (legume processing water), possibly containing leached macronutrients, with potential for upcycling.

Enhancing fermented vegetable flavor with Lactobacillus plantarum and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa.

The formation of flavor in fermented vegetables is directly associated with the interactions among the resident microbial strains. This study explored the cooperative dynamics between Lactobacillus plantarum and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa in a simulated cabbage juice system. The obtained results indicated that the co-cultivation of these strains accelerated fermentation kinetics and enhanced lactic acid production.

Responses of intestinal microbiota to inulin was initial microbiota context dependent and affected by the supplementation dosage.

Intestinal microbiota could respond to dietary fibres that are fermented by the gut microbiota, like prebiotics. Nevertheless, the dynamics of intestinal microbial community longitudinally after prebiotics intake, are still largely unknown. The current study unrevealed the successional process of intestinal microbial community after inulin supplementation, and the effect of supplementation dosage thereof, based on analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences in C57BL/6 mice.

Antibacterial mechanism of vitamin K-mediated photodynamic inactivation against Pseudomonas fluorescens and its influences on blunt bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) quality.

Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) has emerged as a novel non-thermal process technology for inactivating microorganisms due to its low cost, safety, and efficiency. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial effect of VK-mediated PDI against Pseudomonas fluorescens (P. fluorescens) and to assess its impact on the quality of the blunt bream contaminated with P.

Microbial production of food lipids using the oleaginous yeast Apiotrichum brassicae.

Oleaginous yeasts offer a promising sustainable alternative for producing edible lipids, potentially replacing animal and unsustainable plant fats and oils. In this study, we screened 11 oleaginous yeast species for their lipid profiles and identified Apiotrichum brassicae as the most promising candidate due to its versatility across different growth media. A.

Metatranscriptomic insights into the mechanism of 'Multiple Qu' utilization in Jian-flavor Baijiu fermentation.

The unique process of "Multiple-qu fermentation" (MF) is essential for the formation of the Jian-flavor Baijiu, but the mechanisms behind its aroma development remain not fully understood. This study compared the effects of "Single-qu fermentation"(SF) and MF on Baijiu production to elucidate the microbial and metabolic interactions responsible for its distinct aroma. Firstly, significant differences were observed in the microbial communities of the two types of Daqu.

Metagenomic and metabolomic profiling analyses to unravel the formation mechanism of n-propanol during the first and second round of Jiangxiangxing Baijiu fermentation.

N-propanol is one of the higher alcohols, a moderate amount of n-propanol is beneficial for the harmony of the liquor body, whereas excessive or repeated intake will lead to discomfort and pose significant harm to human health. In actual production process of Jiangxiangxing Baijiu, the n-propanol content of the base baijiu in first round (FR) is far higher than that of second round (SR). Nevertheless, the formation mechanism and the key n-propanol producing microbials remain unclear and this limits the quality control of baijiu fermentation.

Effect of Maillard reaction on the allergenicity of crude extract of Mactra quadrangularis.

Food allergy incidents resulting from the consumption of Mactra quadrangularis is frequently reported. Investigating the impact of the Maillard reaction on the allergenicity of M. quadrangularis allergens is beneficial for the development of hypoallergenic mollusks aquatic products.

Bioavailability study of OTA, ZEN, and AFB1 along with bioactive compounds from tiger nut beverage and its by-products.

Mycotoxins pose significant health risks due to their prevalence in food products and severe health implications, including carcinogenicity. This study investigates the bioavailability of mycotoxins aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), ochratoxin A (OTA), and zearalenone (ZEN) individually and combined, in the presence of identified polyphenols from tiger nut beverage (TNB) and tiger nut by-product (TNBP) using the in vitro model Caco-2 cells, which simulates the human intestinal barrier. The objective is to understand how bioactive compounds from TNBP can mitigate the effects of AFB1, OTA and ZEN (and their combination) by bioavailability interference, contributing to safer food products and innovative food safety strategies.

Insight into the impact of various processing stages on metabolites and flavors in jujube jam.

Essential to the determination of the ultimate and flavor of jujube jam are various processing stages. Nevertheless, the alterations in metabolites and flavor chemistry throughout the processing of jujube jam are poorly comprehended. This research employed metabolomics, flavor analysis, and microbial indicators to examine the impact of distinct processing stages on the metabolites and flavor profile of jujube jam.