Impact of an Oregon health policy aimed at strengthening adolescent linkage to outpatient mental health care from the emergency department.

Background: Oregon introduced a state policy, HB 3090, on October 6, 2017, which increased requirements on emergency departments (EDs) to improve transitions to outpatient mental health care. The objective of this study was to examine the policy's impact among low-income adolescent patients who face severe barriers to follow-up.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of visits by Medicaid enrollees ages 14-18 presenting to any Oregon ED for a mental health concern between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2019.

Variations in Octreotide Dosing in Published Reports of Sulfonylurea Toxicity: A Systematic Review, 1988-Present.

Background: Octreotide is commonly used to treat hypoglycemia due to sulfonylurea toxicity, but optimal dosing for this indication is not well defined.

Methods: We performed a systematic review to identify cases in the medical literature of octreotide use for sulfonylurea poisoning. Literature published on octreotide and sulfonylureas between octreotide's FDA approval on 10/21/1988 and 8/15/2024 was reviewed.

Comparison of two point-of-care lung ultrasound techniques and their associated outcomes for bronchiolitis in the pediatric emergency department.

Background: Acute bronchiolitis (AB) is the most common lower respiratory tract infection in infants. Clinician diagnosis and management vary due to limited objective assessment tools. Point-of-care lung ultrasound (LUS) offers a promising diagnostic and prognostic tool in the emergency department (ED), however, the time to perform LUS is of concern in the emergency setting.

Outcomes of Coccidioides Seropositive Solid Organ Transplant Recipients After Self-discontinuation of Antifungal Prophylaxis: The EIA-IgM-only Conundrum.

Background: Solid organ transplant recipients are at risk of severe coccidioidomycosis and are given prophylaxis to mitigate the risk. Patients with seropositive testing typically receive lifelong prophylaxis; currently, this prophylaxis strategy includes patients who are positive only for IgM by enzyme immunoassay (EIA-IgM-only), although this result may be falsely positive.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study at a large-volume transplant center in an endemic coccidioidomycosis region to compare outcomes of non-lung transplant recipients who were seropositive for Coccidioides but discontinued prophylaxis (case patients) to outcomes of patients who continued prophylaxis (controls).

Distinct molecular and clinical features of specific variants of KRAS codon 12 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

PURPOSE Oncogenic mutations in KRAS have been identified in > 85% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cases. G12D, G12V, and G12R are the most frequent variants. Using large clinical and genomic databases, this study characterizes prognostic and molecular differences between KRAS variants, focusing on KRAS G12D and G12R.

Comparison of RT-qPCR With Branched DNA to Quantify a Lipid Nanoparticle-Encapsulated mRNA Therapeutic in Serum and Liver Tissue Samples From Nonclinical PK Studies.

While the branched DNA (bDNA) assay is an established bioanalytical method for measurement of lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated messenger RNA (mRNA) pharmacokinetic parameters, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) has been considered as an alternative platform. RT-qPCR and bDNA platforms were compared for sensitivity, specificity, correlation, and overall assay performance using serum and tissue samples from 2 nonclinical mouse studies of a therapeutic mRNA candidate, LNP-PAH-mRNA, which encodes for human phenylalanine hydroxylase enzyme. Pharmacokinetic parameter noncompartmental analysis was completed using Phoenix WinNonlin.

PSMA+ Extracellular Vesicles are a Biomarker for SABR in Oligorecurrent Prostate Cancer Analysis from the STOMP-like and ORIOLE trial cohorts.

Purpose: Two randomized clinical trials (STOMP and ORIOLE) demonstrated that stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) can prolong ADT-free survival or progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with metachronous oligometastatic prostate cancer (omCSPC) patients. While most omCSPC patients have a more modest delay in progression, a small subset achieves a durable response following SABR. We investigated the prognostic and predictive value of circulating PSMA-positive extracellular vesicles (PSMA+EV) and prostate specific antigen (PSA) in a biomarker correlative study using blood samples from three independent patient cohorts.

TP53 Mutations are Associated with CD19 Negative Relapse and Inferior Outcomes after Blinatumomab in Adults with ALL.

Despite the success of the CD19xCD3 T cell engager blinatumomab in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), treatment failure is common and can manifest with antigen loss and extramedullary disease (EMD) relapse. To understand the impact of leukemia genetics on outcomes, we reviewed 267 adult patients with B-ALL treated with blinatumomab and used next generation sequencing to identify molecular alterations. Patients received blinatumomab for relapsed/refractory (R/R) disease (n=150), minimal residual disease (MRD+) (n=88), upfront as induction (n=10), or as consolidation in MRD- state (n=19).

Loneliness and biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease, axonal damage, and astrogliosis: A coordinated analysis of two longitudinal cohorts.

Objectives: Loneliness is associated with an elevated risk of dementia. There is mixed evidence from imaging studies on whether loneliness is associated with neuropathology in dementia-free adults. This study tests whether loneliness is associated with plasma neurobiomarkers of amyloid (Aβ42/Aβ40), phosphorylated tau 181 (pTau181), neurofilament light chain (NfL), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and imaging measures of amyloid and tau.

RSK1 is an exploitable dependency in myeloproliferative neoplasms and secondary acute myeloid leukemia.

Myeloid malignancies are heterogenous disorders characterized by distinct molecular drivers but share convergence of oncogenic signaling pathways and propagation by ripe pro-inflammatory niches. Here, we establish a comprehensive transcriptional atlas across the spectrum of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) and secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML) through RNA-sequencing of 158 primary samples encompassing CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and CD14+ monocytes. Supported by mass cytometry (CyTOF) profiling, we reveal aberrant networks of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling and NFκB-mediated hyper-inflammation.

Co-occurring Change in Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS) and Cigarette Harm Perceptions and Use in Young Adults.

Introduction: Use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) may contribute to cigarette use and nicotine addiction by shifting perceptions and norms around tobacco, but little is known about whether or how ENDS use and norms are related to cigarette use and norms, particularly among young adults. This study tested two potential mechanisms by which END use may facilitate cigarette use: decreasing tobacco harm perceptions (desensitization) and increasing favorability of tobacco use (renormalization).

Method: Analyses included data from 2187 young adults in a longitudinal panel who reported any ENDS or combustible cigarette use at ages 21, 23, or 26.

Early Versus Late Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence After Pulsed Field Ablation: Insights From the admIRE Trial.

Background And Aims: Studies have shown correlations between early recurrence (ER) and late recurrence (LR) of atrial arrhythmia after ablation with thermal technologies. This admIRE trial (NCT05293639) subanalysis aims to analyze ER versus LR in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) undergoing pulsed field ablation (PFA).

Methods: Patients with symptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and ≥1 transtelephonic monitoring transmission during the blanking period were included (n=169).

Xanomeline-trospium (Cobenfy) for Schizophrenia: A Review of the Literature.

Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental illness associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Antipsychotics primarily rely on direct dopamine blockade, leading to potential life-interfering adverse events. The purpose of this review is to describe the safety and efficacy of xanomeline-trospium (Cobenfy), a Food and Drug Administration approved treatment for schizophrenia in adults.

Resilience Informatics in Public Health: Qualitative Analysis of Conference Proceedings.

Background: In recent years, public health has confronted 2 formidable challenges: the devastating COVID-19 pandemic and the enduring threat of climate change. The convergence of these crises underscores the urgent need for resilient solutions. Resilience informatics (RI), an emerging discipline at the intersection of informatics and public health, leverages real-time data integration from health systems, environmental monitoring, and technological tools to develop adaptive responses to multifaceted crises.

Prone Lateral Transpsoas Approach to the Spine: A Technical Guide for Mastery.

Background: The single-position prone transpsoas (PTP) lateral interbody fusion represents an alternative approach to the traditional lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) typically performed with the patient in the lateral decubitus position. Advantages of PTP surgery include improved segmental lordosis, single-position surgery, and ease of performing posterior techniques as needed. However, the learning curve of PTP is distinct from that of traditional LLIF surgery performed with the patient in the lateral decubitus position.

Multidimensional sleep health and cognitive function across adulthood.

Study Objectives: Sleep is essential for proper function of the mind and body. Studies report the effect of sleep problems on cognition but focus on only a single or limited number of sleep indicators or on clinical populations (e.g.

Gastrointestinal bleed mortality disparities in patients with atrial fibrillation: A cross-sectional analysis 1999-2020.

Introduction: Gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) is often encountered among patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) due to the use of anticoagulation. This study assesses disparities in GIB-related mortality among decedents with AF in the United States.

Methods: GIB mortality data in patients with AF from 1999 to 2020 was queried from the CDC database.

A Case of Fournier's Gangrene Secondary to Varicella Zoster Virus in a 7-Year-Old Boy.

A rare case of Fournier's gangrene (FG) secondary to varicella-zoster virus (VZV) affecting the penis and scrotum of a 7-year-old boy is presented. To the authors' knowledge, there are four cases of FG in children as a result of VZV reported to date. Our patient underwent a total of four surgical debridements and was reconstructed using a split-thickness skin graft (SSG).

A patient choice-driven lifestyle intervention lowers HbA1c in type 2 diabetes: A feasibility study.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a common metabolic disorder in which only 25% of patients meet management targets. While the primary care setting is positioned to provide lifestyle management education, studies are lacking which integrate behavior interventions in this setting utilizing clinic staff. Thus, we evaluated a 90-day lifestyle intervention for management of glycemia at a family practice clinic administered by clinic medical assistants.

Super-photostable organic dye for long-term live-cell single-protein imaging.

Organic dyes play a crucial role in live-cell imaging because of their advantageous properties, such as photostability and high brightness. Here we introduce a super-photostable and bright organic dye, Phoenix Fluor 555 (PF555), which exhibits an order-of-magnitude longer photobleaching lifetime than conventional organic dyes without the requirement of any anti-photobleaching additives. PF555 is an asymmetric cyanine structure in which, on one side, the indole in the conventional Cyanine-3 is substituted with 3-oxo-quinoline.

Prolactin-induced sensitization of trigeminal nociceptors promotes migraine co-morbidity in endometriosis.

Background: Women with endometriosis are more likely to have migraine. The mechanisms underlying this co-morbidity are unknown. Prolactin, a neurohormone secreted and released into circulation from the anterior pituitary, can sensitize sensory neurons from female, but not male, rodents, monkeys and human donors.

Appropriate Use Criteria for Neoplastic Compression Fractures.

Background Context: Clinical outcomes are directly related to patient selection and treatment indications for improved quality of life. With emphasis on quality and value, it is essential that treatment recommendations are optimized.

Purpose: The purpose of the North American Spine Society (NASS) Appropriate Use Criteria (AUC) is to determine the appropriate (ie, reasonable) multidisciplinary treatment recommendations for patients with metastatic neoplastic vertebral fractures across a spectrum of more common clinical scenarios.

Cell type specific differences in transcriptome profiles of adipose derived stem cells and vaginal fibroblasts in patients with pelvic organ prolapse.

This study examined the molecular phenotypes of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) and vaginal fibroblasts (VFBs) and assessed whether pelvic organ prolapse (POP) affects their biological properties. We performed RNA sequencing of paired ASCs and VFBs from six patients with POP and six controls (CTRL). The transcriptomes of POP and CTRL in either ASCs or VFBs were compared (DESeq2, false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.