["Pseudoneurotransmission" and gut microbiome - brain communication in neuropsychiatric disorders].

The gut microbiome, which comprises symbiotic bacteria colonizing the human digestive tract, undergoes dynamic changes during the lifespan, as evidenced by the fact that the number of species and the diversity of their composition decrease significantly with age. The aim of this review is to illuminate bilateral neuroimmunological pathways that determine the role of gut microbiome dysbiosis, not only as a cause but also as a byproduct of many neurodegenerative diseases of the CNS, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), but also in the frame of several behavioral and psychiatric pathological conditions such as depressive and anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Dysbiosis, in particular, reveals a model of "deceptive" mimicry of host molecules that might cause abnormal folding ("misfolding") and pathological aggregation of Aβ-peptide, leading to its dispersion through the gut-brain axis, precipitating microglia cell activation.

Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation improves emotional processing.

Background: Invasive vagus nerve stimulation (iVNS) is approved for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). The limited understanding of its underlying mechanisms, however, hinders stratification and the prediction of treatment response. Given the strong projections of the afferent vagal nucleus to brain regions involved in emotional processing, we tested whether acute transauricular VNS (taVNS) can improve emotional processing that is a core deficit in MDD.

The Role of Oral Nutritional Supplements in Head and Neck Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemoradiotherapy.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the impact of oral nutritional supplements (ONS) on nutritional intake, body weight, and body composition in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients undergoing chemoradiotherapy. The study evaluated whether ONS could prevent treatment-related nutritional deterioration.

Methods: This prospective observational pilot study included 30 HNC patients randomized into two groups: ONS (n = 15) and No ONS (n = 15).

Hope for motherhood: pregnancy after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (a national multicenter study).

Improved long-term survival rates after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT) make family planning for young adult cancer survivors an important topic. However, treatment-related infertility risk poses challenges. To assess pregnancy and birth rates in a contemporary cohort, we conducted a national multicenter study using data from the German Transplant Registry, focusing on adult women aged 18 to 40 years who underwent alloHCT between 2003 and 2018.

A Novel - and -Methyltransferase from Is Involved in Flavor Formation.

Increasing consumer aversion to non-natural flavoring substances is prompting a heightened interest in enzymatic processes for flavor production. This includes methylation reactions, which are often performed by using hazardous chemicals. By correlation of aroma profile data and transcriptomic analysis, a novel -methyltransferase (OMT) catalyzing a respective reaction within the formation of -anisaldehyde was identified in the mushroom .

Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors and Ligands in Context of Bevacizumab Response in Ovarian Carcinoma: An Exploratory Analysis of AGO-OVAR11/ICON-7.

With more novel drugs being approved for the treatment of ovarian carcinoma, the question remains to what extent patients benefit from antiangiogenic treatment with bevacizumab, either in combination with poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors or as single-agent maintenance. As fibroblast growth factor receptors and their ligands (FGFRs/FGFs) are key players in angiogenic signaling and have been linked to resistance to several drugs, we investigated the prognostic or predictive potential of FGFs/FGFRs signaling in the context of bevacizumab treatment within the prospective phase III AGO-OVAR11/ICON-7 study. FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, FGFR4, FGF1, and FGF19 gene expressions were determined in 380 ovarian carcinoma tumor samples collected from German centers in the multicenter phase III AGO-OVAR11 trial/ICON-7 trial.

Can vitamins improve periodontal wound healing/regeneration?

Periodontitis is a complex inflammatory disorder of the tooth supporting structures, associated with microbial dysbiosis, and linked to a number if systemic conditions. Untreated it can result in an irreversible damage to the periodontal structures and eventually teeth loss. Regeneration of the lost periodontium requires an orchestration of a number of biological events on cellular and molecular level.

Implementation of CDK4/6 Inhibitors and its Influence on the Treatment Landscape of Advanced Breast Cancer Patients - Data from the Real-World Registry PRAEGNANT.

Comprehensive data from prospective clinical trials have led to a high level of evidence establishing CDK4/6 inhibitors in combination with endocrine treatment (CDK4/6i + ET) as a standard for the treatment of HER2-negative, hormone receptor-positive (HER2- HR+) breast cancer patients in the first-line advanced therapy setting. Data on patient populations that have been treated in the real-world setting may provide an insight into changes of patient characteristics and prognosis over time. The data were extracted from the prospective real-world registry PRAEGNANT (NCT02338167).

Neurochemical Monitoring of Traumatic Brain Injury by the Combined Analysis of Plasma Beta-Synuclein, NfL, and GFAP in Polytraumatized Patients.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a major determining factor of outcome in severely injured patients. However, reliable brain-damage-monitoring markers are still missing. We therefore assessed brain-specific beta-synuclein as a novel blood biomarker of synaptic damage and measured the benchmarks neurofilament light chain (NfL), as a neuroaxonal injury marker, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), as an astroglial injury marker, in patients after polytrauma with and without TBI.

Clinical, microbiological, and immunological effects of 3- or 7-day systemic antibiotics adjunctive to subgingival instrumentation in patients with aggressive (Stage III/IV Grade C) periodontitis: A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Aim: To evaluate the clinical non-inferiority of a 3-day protocol of systemic antibiotics adjunctive to subgingival instrumentation (SI) compared with a 7-day-protocol in patients with Stage III/IV Grade C periodontitis.

Materials And Methods: Fifty systemically healthy patients (32.7 ± 4.

Prevalence and prognostic impact of chronic kidney disease and anaemia across ACC/AHA precursor and symptomatic heart failure stages.

Background: The importance of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and anaemia has not been comprehensively studied in asymptomatic patients at risk for heart failure (HF) versus those with symptomatic HF. We analysed the prevalence, characteristics and prognostic impact of both conditions across American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) precursor and HF stages A-D.

Methods And Results: 2496 participants from three non-pharmacological German Competence Network HF studies were categorized by ACC/AHA stage; stage C patients were subdivided into C1 and C2 (corresponding to NYHA classes I/II and III, respectively).

Fungal fruit body assemblages are tougher in harsh microclimates.

Forest species are affected by macroclimate, however, the microclimatic variability can be more extreme and change through climate change. Fungal fruiting community composition was affected by microclimatic differences. Here we ask whether differences in the fruiting community can be explained by morphological traits of the fruit body, which may help endure harsh conditions.

Long-term outcomes of psychological treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Several types of psychological treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are considered well established and effective, but evidence of their long-term efficacy is limited. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the long-term outcomes across psychological treatments for PTSD. MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, PTSDpubs, PsycINFO, PSYNDEX, and related articles were searched for randomized controlled trials with at least 12 months of follow-up.

Individualized Bone-Protective Management in Long-Term Cancer Survivors With Bone Metastases.

Antiresorptive therapy is an important component of a multimodal approach to treating patients with advanced malignancies and metastatic bone disease. Over the past decade, overall survival of affected patients has improved in most cancer entities, and long-term disease control is a realistic goal in many cases. There are emerging clinical studies showing the benefits of an initial antiresorptive therapy using bisphosphonates or denosumab.

Incidence of fractures in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus-a retrospective study with 4420 patients.

Unlabelled: This retrospective study investigated the incidence of fracture in 4420 type 1 diabetes (T1DM) patients. Our findings indicate that patients with T1DM have an increased incidence of fractures. Further studies and preventive measures are urgently needed.

Effects of Antenatal Betamethasone on Fetal Doppler Indices and Short Term Fetal Heart Rate Variation in Early Growth Restricted Fetuses.

Purpose:  To investigate the effects of the antenatal administration of betamethasone on fetal Doppler and short term fetal heart rate variation (CTG-STV) in early growth restricted (FGR) fetuses.

Materials And Methods:  Post hoc analysis of data derived from the TRUFFLE study, a prospective, multicenter, randomized management trial of severe early onset FGR. Repeat Doppler and CTG-STV measurements between the last recording within 48 hours before the first dose of betamethasone (baseline value) and for 10 days after were evaluated.

Incidence of fractures in young women with breast cancer - a retrospective cohort study.

In recent years, cancer treatment-induced bone loss (CTIBL) and increased risk of fracture has become an emerging problem as breast cancer (BC) survival has increased due to early diagnosis and improved treatments. In premenopausal women with BC, chemotherapy and tamoxifen are the treatments of choice in hormone receptor-negative and hormone receptor-positive BC respectively. Their effect on fracture risk has only been investigated in a few small-scale studies.

Determinants, consequences and potential solutions to poor adherence to anti-osteoporosis treatment: results of an expert group meeting organized by the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ESCEO) and the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF).

Unlabelled: Many patients at increased risk of fractures do not take their medication appropriately, resulting in a substantial decrease in the benefits of drug therapy. Improving medication adherence is urgently needed but remains laborious, given the numerous and multidimensional reasons for non-adherence, suggesting the need for measurement-guided, multifactorial and individualized solutions.

Introduction: Poor adherence to medications is a major challenge in the treatment of osteoporosis.

Cost-effectiveness of pharmacological fracture prevention for osteoporosis as prescribed in clinical practice in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom.

Unlabelled: This study estimated the cost-effectiveness of pharmacological fracture prevention as prescribed in the five largest European countries (EU5) using the IOF reference cost-effectiveness model. Pharmacological fracture prevention as prescribed in clinical practice was cost-saving (provided more QALYs at lower costs) compared to no treatment in each of the EU5.

Purpose: To estimate the real-world cost-effectiveness of pharmacological fracture prevention as prescribed in the five largest European countries by population size: France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom (UK) (collectively EU5).

Nuclear calcineurin is a sensor for detecting Ca release from the nuclear envelope via IPR.

In continuously beating cells like cardiac myocytes, there are rapid alterations of cytosolic Ca levels. We therefore hypothesize that decoding Ca signals for hypertrophic signaling requires intracellular Ca microdomains that are partly independent from cytosolic Ca. Furthermore, there is a need for a Ca sensor within these microdomains that translates Ca signals into hypertrophic signaling.

Polysomnographic findings in restless legs syndrome (RLS) patients with severe augmentation.

Background And Objectives: Augmentation can occur frequently in restless legs syndrome (RLS) patients treated with dopaminergic agents. Video-polysomnographic (PSG) data from augmented RLS patients are scant. The aim of this study was to evaluate PSG findings in augmented RLS patients and compare them with those of non-augmented RLS patients.