Multimorbidity clusters and their contribution to well-being among the oldest old: Results based on a nationally representative sample in Germany.

Aim: Our aim was to identify multimorbidity clusters and, in particular, to examine their contribution to well-being outcomes among the oldest old in Germany.

Methods: Data were taken from the large nationally representative D80+ study including community-dwelling and institutionalized individuals aged 80 years and over residing in Germany (n = 8,773). The mean age was 85.

Toothbrushing behavior over time: A correlational analysis of repeatedly assessed brushing performance.

Effective toothbrushing is important for maintaining good oral health. Nonetheless, epidemiological data suggest that individuals often encounter challenges in achieving oral cleanliness when brushing their teeth. Various cross-sectional studies have observed brushing behavior of individuals and found some widespread behavioral deficits including neglect of inner surfaces and inconsistent brushing movements.

[Long-term courses in schizophrenia : A review of current results and developments].

Despite classical conceptions of schizophrenia as a progressive illness with a high chronification, current long-term follow-up studies show a higher proportion of remission, possibly also a higher proportion of recovery than previously assumed. The heterogeneity of clinical courses is also reflected in different trajectories of cognitive and biological (e.g.

Subsequent Thyroid Carcinomas in Children and Adolescents Registered in the German MET Consortium (1997-2023).

Among childhood cancer survivors, the cumulative incidence rate of differentiated thyroid carcinomas (DTCs) is estimated to be 8-11%. Although the association of DTC with prior radiotherapy is well-studied, the association with chemotherapy remains less understood. Most studies focused on young adults, leaving a knowledge gap on subsequent DTC occurring in childhood and adolescence.

The butterfly effect of appreciation at work: An impulse for daily perfectionistic cognitions and well-being beyond the workday.

Research on employee perfectionism and its duality is shifting from a mere dispositional perspective to consider the state-like nature of this phenomenon. Despite recent findings identifying negative work experiences as antecedents of daily perfectionism, the role of positive experiences remains to be elaborated. Bridging the principles of trait activation and stress-as-offense-to-self theory, the present study examined the role of daily appreciation as a positive, self-affirming experience for the expression of daily perfectionistic cognitions at work and its implications for well-being (vigor, serenity) beyond the workday.

Central vs. Brachial Blood Pressure and Pulse Pressure Amplification for Mortality Risk Prediction in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography.

Background: Arterial hypertension is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality. Although central blood pressure (BP) evaluation is considered the gold standard, the reliability of non-invasive measurements remains unclear. Therefore, we compared the predictive value of invasively measured central BP with non-invasively measured brachial BP and analyzed pulse pressure (PP) amplification (delta-PP; difference between central and peripheral PP) as an independent predictor of mortality.

Psychometric validation of the Vaccination Attitudes Examination (VAX) scale in German pre-pandemic and mid-pandemic samples.

Despite the public health value of immunizations, vaccine hesitancy is a widespread phenomenon and received special attention during the global COVID-19 pandemic. The Vaccination Attitudes Examination (VAX) Scale aims to identify anti-vaccination attitudes for understanding vaccine hesitancy. The present study is the validation of the German version of the VAX scale in pre-/mid-pandemic samples.

Evaluation of Reproducibility of Measurements of Peripapillary Blood Flow with Laser Speckle Flowgraphy in Healthy and POAG Subjects.

Background: Peripapillary blood flow is of diagnostic value in glaucoma.

Material And Methods: We investigated the reproducibility of peripapillary blood flow measurements in healthy individuals and in open-angle glaucoma (OAG) patients with the Nidek laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG)-NAVI system. Blood flow was calculated as the mean of vascular area (MV), mean of tissue area (MT), and mean of overall flow (MA).

Optimizing in vivo exposure using occasional reinforced extinction with aversive imagery in spider fearful individuals.

Although exposure-based therapy is widely recognized as effective for treating various anxiety disorders, a significant proportion of patients fail to benefit or experience a return of fear following successful treatment. One promising strategy involves occasional presentation of fear-evoking stimuli during extinction (occasional reinforced extinction, ORE). This study investigates a novel approach to translate ORE into clinical practice by incorporating occasional vivid imagery of individuals' worst-case fear scenarios during in-vivo exposure.

GOLD COPD Exacerbation History Categories and Disease Outcomes.

Importance: Previous exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (ECOPD) are associated with future events. For more than a decade, patients at high risk have been defined as individuals with a history of 2 or more moderate ECOPD, 1 or more severe ECOPD, or both within 12 months, and treatments have been allocated accordingly, but these cutoffs lack validation.

Objectives: To validate ECOPD history categories by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) and explore alternative cutoffs to estimate moderate and severe ECOPD and all-cause mortality in COPD.

Effectiveness of fissure sealants in 8- to 10-year-olds with and without molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) - results from a cross-sectional epidemiological study.

Objective: This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the use, quality, and caries-preventive effects of fissure sealants (FSs) in 8- to 10-year-olds with and without molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH).

Materials And Methods: A total of 5,418 children (2,692 males, 2,726 females) were examined via standard instruments (dental mirrors, CPI probes, adequate lighting, mobile examination tables, and air syringes) and methods for the recording of caries (DMFT index, WHO method) and FSs. The classification of MIH followed the recommendations of the European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (EAPD).

Two Isomeric Thienoacenes in Thin Films: Unveiling the Influence of Molecular Structure and Intermolecular Packing on Electronic Properties.

Isomerism of molecular structures is often encountered in the field of organic semiconductors, but little is known about how it can impact electronic and charge transport properties in thin films. This study reveals the molecular orientation, electronic structure, and intermolecular interactions of two isomeric thienoacenes (DN4T and isoDN4T) in thin films, in relation to their charge transport properties. Utilizing scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARUPS), and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure measurements (NEXAFS), we systematically analyze the behavior of these isomers from submonolayer to multilayer coverage on highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) as substrates.

[Treatment of acetabular fractures with the two-incision minimally invasive (TIMI) approach].

Objective: We present the two-incision minimally invasive (TIMI) approach for the treatment of anterior acetabular fractures.

Indications: Displaced fractures of the anterior column of the acetabulum; complex fractures of the acetabulum in combination with the posterior approach (Kocher-Langenbeck); periprosthetic fractures of the acetabulum with or without additional revision of the cup.

Contraindications: Possibly previous extended surgery in the anatomical region of the approach.

Early career member highlights from the 22nd ERS Lung Science Conference: development of chronic lung diseases - from life-spanning mechanisms to preventive therapy.

https://bit.ly/4cbMjpS.

Do sensorimotor insoles improve gait safety in patients with Parkinson's disease on a short scale?

Introduction: Parkinson's disease (PD) often leads to gait abnormalities, increasing the risk of falls and affecting daily life. Sensorimotor insoles aim to enhance foot sensitivity, potentially improving gait stability.

Methods: This study examined whether there are short-term effects of sensorimotor insoles on neural activation (measured by EEG), kinematic gait parameters (speed, cadence, step length, and step-length variability), and subjective gait stability in PD patients.

Rigid Probe Trabeculotomy Versus 360-Degree Catheter Trabeculotomy in Childhood Glaucoma.

: This study aims to compare the effectiveness of traditional rigid probe trabeculotomy and 360-degree catheter trabeculotomy in treating childhood glaucoma, underlining the necessity of early surgical intervention. This retrospective cohort study, conducted at the University Eye Hospital Mainz, Germany, included 109 patients under 18 years with childhood glaucoma who underwent rigid probe trabeculotomy or 360-degree catheter trabeculotomy between January 2015 and February 2021. A total of 151 eyes from 109 patients were included.

Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity Determined with Oscillometric Pulse Wave Analysis Algorithm Antares Is an Independent Predictor of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events: A Prospective Cohort Study.

: Aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV) is a well-established surrogate marker of arterial stiffness. The Antares algorithm offers a method for determining aPWV from oscillometric blood pressure waveforms without requiring additional inputs. This prospective study aimed to evaluate the association and prognostic value of aPWV, determined by Antares, in predicting major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).

Genes, Gene Loci, and Their Impacts on the Immune System in the Development of Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a condition that is characterized by damage to the central nervous system (CNS) that causes patients to experience cognitive and physical difficulties. Although the disease has a complex etiology that involves genetic and environmental factors, little is known about the role of genes and gene loci in its development. Aims: This study aimed to investigate the effects of genes and gene loci on the immune system during the development of MS.

Optimizing Endoscopic Respiratory Diagnostics with Cytology: An Update on Touch Imprints with a Comparative Literature Review.

Major diagnostic and therapeutic changes led to the implementation of the 'lung cancer diagnosis in small biopsies and cytology specimens' concept in the WHO Classification of Tumours of the Lung, Pleura, Thymus and Heart in 2015. Touch imprints are an established technique in cytology that provides a rapid and minimally invasive method for morphological diagnoses of clinical specimens, accurate subtyping, and molecular characterizations of malignancies. The extended diagnostic requirements from the increasingly limited material provided by minimally invasive biopsy techniques pose major challenges for pathology.

Differentiation of Tumors of the Upper Respiratory Tract Using Optical Metabolic Imaging.

Objectives: With over 184,000 new cases and more than 99,000 deaths per year, malignancies of the larynx are a global health problem. Currently, a dedicated screening method enabling a direct onsite diagnosis is missing. This can lead to delayed diagnosis and worse outcomes of the patients.

Psychometric properties of the parent-rated assessment scale of positive and negative parenting behavior (FPNE) in a German sample of school-aged children.

Background: The aim of this study was to develop and psychometrically evaluate a parent-rated parenting assessment scale including positive and negative dimensions of parenting. Factorial validity, reliability, measurement invariance, latent mean differences and construct validity of the Assessment Scale of Positive and Negative Parenting Behavior (FPNE) were tested in a pooled sample of five studies of 1,879 school-aged children (6.00 to 12.

Protective effect of interferon type I on barrier function of human airway epithelium during rhinovirus infections in vitro.

The airway epithelium provides a crucial barrier against infection with respiratory pathogens. This barrier can be impaired following viral infection, paving the way for bacterial superinfections. Type I interferons (IFNs) are important antiviral mediators, and inhaled formulations of these glycoproteins are considered a potential approach for the treatment of respiratory viral infections.

Associative learning via eyeblink conditioning differs by age from infancy to adulthood.

Associative learning is a key feature of adaptive behaviour and mental health, enabling individuals to adjust their actions in anticipation of future events. Comprehensive documentation of this essential component of human cognitive development throughout different developmental periods is needed. Here, we investigated age-related changes in associative learning in key developmental stages, including infancy, childhood, adolescence, and adulthood.

Genomic and transmission dynamics of the 2024 Marburg virus outbreak in Rwanda.

The ongoing outbreak of Marburg virus disease in Rwanda marks the third largest historically, although it has shown the lowest fatality rate. Genomic analysis of samples from 18 cases identified a lineage with limited internal diversity, closely related to a 2014 Ugandan case. Our findings suggest that the Rwandan lineage diverged decades ago from a common ancestor shared with diversity sampled from bats in Uganda.