Parallels and discrepancies between non-native species introductions and human migration.

Biological invasions and human migrations have increased globally due to socio-economic drivers and environmental factors that have enhanced cultural, economic, and geographic connectivity. Both processes involve the movement, establishment, and spread of species, yet unfold within fundamentally different philosophical, social and biological contexts. Hence, studying biological invasions (invasion science) and human migration (migration studies) presents complex parallels that are potentially fruitful to explore.

Investigation of chemotherapy-induced cardiac dysfunction in breast cancer.

Although recent advancements in cancer treatment have significantly improved survival rates, they have also raised concerns regarding severe adverse effects, including cardiotoxicity. We conducted a prospective study at Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana to assess chemotherapy-related cardiac dysfunction in newly diagnosed, histologically confirmed breast cancer cases. Among 97 breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, 13 (13.

Lymphovascular invasion is associated with doxorubicin resistance in breast cancer.

Lymphovascular invasion (LVI), the invasion of tumor within the lymphatic or vascular space, is an early indicator of potential metastasis, with its presence in breast cancer independently predicting poorer outcomes even after neoadjuvant therapy. However, a major limitation is that LVI detection currently relies on post-surgical evaluation. To address this, we determined whether LVI breast tumors contain a unique gene signature that could facilitate earlier detection.

Nano-interventions for dengue: a comprehensive review of control, detection and treatment strategies.

Dengue, a formidable life-threatening malady, currently exerts a profound impact upon the Western Pacific and Southeast-Asian developing and underdeveloped nations. The intricacies inherent in addressing dengue are manifold, requiring a concerted effort not only towards vector control but also the implementation of efficacious host treatments to forestall the progression of the disease into severe manifestations, such as hemorrhage and shock. The only vaccine available for dengue in the market is DENGVAXIA, with several other vaccine candidates which are currently in the clinical developmental stages.

Neonatal Immunity to Candida: Current Understanding and Contributions of Murine Models.

Neonatal candidiasis poses significant clinical challenges due to its potential for severe morbidity and mortality in vulnerable infants. Due to their underdeveloped immune system, neonates are at a higher risk for infections caused by Candida species. They can vary from mild to severe, including penetrating deep tissues, bloodstream spread, and dissemination to organs.

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Systems genomics of salinity stress response in rice.

Populations can adapt to stressful environments through changes in gene expression. However, the fitness effect of gene expression in mediating stress response and adaptation remains largely unexplored. Here, we use an integrative field dataset obtained from 780 plants of ssp.

The indirect costs and burden of vaccine-preventable cancers premature mortality in Asia-Pacific countries.

Background: Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the Asia-Pacific region. Human papillomavirus (HPV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) are major cancer-causing infections. This analysis assessed the mortality impact and productivity losses due to HBV- and HPV-related cancers in ten Asia-Pacific countries.

Regional Priorities in Palliative Care Research: Adapting the Delphi Technique for the Philippines.

This correspondence emphasizes the use of the Delphi technique to set regional priorities in palliative and end-of-life care research. It offers a structured framework to develop research that aligns with the most pressing needs of patients and providers. This approach can be adapted to improve palliative care in resource-limited settings such as the Philippines.

Extreme Prototyping for a Community Health Worker Medical Application.

Objectives: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) pose a significant burden, especially in low- and middle-income countries such as the Philippines. To tackle this issue, the Department of Health launched the Philippine Package of Essential Non-Communicable Disease Interventions (PhilPEN), which includes the use of the Noncommunicable Disease Risk Assessment Form. However, healthcare workers have encountered difficulties due to the form's complexity and the lengthy process required.

Establishment and validation of a prediction model for compassion fatigue in nursing students.

Background: Compassion fatigue is a common issue nursing students face during clinical internships. Prolonged exposure to patients' suffering and trauma can lead to emotional exhaustion and psychological stress. Compared to formal healthcare workers, nursing students have less professional experience and weaker emotional regulation abilities, making them more vulnerable to secondary trauma and other negative emotions, which exacerbates compassion fatigue.

Immunisation health workforce capacity building in Southeast Asia: reflections from training programme implementation in Cambodia and Lao PDR.

The Immunization Agenda 2030 emphasises the need for a motivated, skilled and knowledgeable workforce equipped to plan, manage, implement and monitor immunisation programmes at all levels. The rapid introduction of COVID-19 vaccines during the pandemic highlighted the adaptability of the health workforce but also exposed gaps in professional development and learning.This practice paper describes the implementation of an immunisation training programme in the Kingdom of Cambodia and the Lao People's Democratic Republic.

The GIN-McMaster Guideline Development Checklist (GDC) Extension for Engagement.

Objectives: Better engagement of diverse groups of interest-holders in the development of health guidelines has been proposed to improve their usefulness, implementability, and acceptability. Guidelines shape clinical- or public-health practice decision-making. Trustworthy guidelines are systematically developed documents that include actionable statements based on evidence and a formal, structured and transparent decision process.

A Randomized Crossover Trial on the Effects of Cadence on Calf Raise Test Outcomes: Cadence Does Matter.

The calf raise test (CRT) is commonly used to assess triceps surae muscle-tendon unit function. Often, a metronome set to 60 beats/min (30 repetitions/min) is used to set the cadence of calf raise repetitions, but studies report using cadences ranging from 30 to 120 beats/min. We investigated the effect of cadence on CRT outcomes, accounting for the potential confounders of sex, age, body mass index, and physical activity.

Factors influencing trust in algorithmic decision-making: an indirect scenario-based experiment.

Algorithms are involved in decisions ranging from trivial to significant, but people often express distrust toward them. Research suggests that educational efforts to explain how algorithms work may help mitigate this distrust. In a study of 1,921 participants from 20 countries, we examined differences in algorithmic trust for low-stakes and high-stakes decisions.

Maternal Mid-upper Arm Circumference as a Predictor of Low Birth Weight Outcome among Newborn Deliveries of Adolescents in a Tertiary Level Hospital.

Background: Maternal malnutrition is a major cause of low birth weight (LBW) newborn outcome especially among adolescent mothers. It is one of the key drivers of child stunting and initiates the vicious cycle of intergenerational malnutrition. The body mass index prior to pregnancy or at the initial trimester is currently being used to establish the desired weight gain throughout pregnancy.

Effectiveness of Tocilizumab in COVID-19 Patients with Pneumonia: A Systematic Review.

Background And Objective: COVID-19 contributes significantly to global morbidity and mortality. Age-related comorbidities elevate the risk of severe cases. Studies have recently demonstrated that widely available medications, including tocilizumab (TCZ), can manage severe symptoms.

Coexisting Non-functioning Pituitary Macroadenoma and Sellar-Suprasellar Lipoma: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Intracranial lipomas are benign tumors that may occasionally be found in the suprasellar cistern while pituitary adenomas are far more common brain tumors. Pituitary adenomas may rarely coexist with other intracranial tumors in the sellar-suprasellar region. We share a unique case of a patient with coexisting non-functioning pituitary adenoma and sellar-suprasellar lipoma presenting with blurring of vision.

Antibiotic Prescription Patterns among Pediatric Patients with Pneumonia in Primary Care - A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background And Objectives: The etiology of pneumonia in the pediatric population varies by age group. Among patients one month to 59 months old, viral pathogens are the most common cause of lower respiratory infections. The study aims to determine the frequency distribution of antibiotic prescription among patients one month to 59 months old and to determine the adherence of primary care facilities to local guidelines with recommended antibiotics.

Association of Germline Variant and Choledochal Cyst among Clinically Diagnosed Filipino Pediatric Patients.

Background And Objective: Choledochal cysts (CC) are rare congenital, cystic dilations of the biliary tree occurring predominantly in Asian populations and in females. Patients are usually children presenting with any of the following: abdominal pain, palpable abdominal mass, and jaundice. Its congenital nature hints at a potential genetic cause.

Diagnostic Performance of a Computer-aided System for Tuberculosis Screening in Two Philippine Cities.

Background And Objectives: The Philippines faces challenges in the screening of tuberculosis (TB), one of them being the shortage in the health workforce who are skilled and allowed to screen TB. Deep learning neural networks (DLNNs) have shown potential in the TB screening process utilizing chest radiographs (CXRs). However, local studies on AI-based TB screening are limited.

The Diameter of the Normal Extrahepatic Bile Duct among Patients Diagnosed with Cholecystolithiasis Managed at the Philippine General Hospital.

Background And Objective: Understanding the normal anatomy and size of the extrahepatic biliary tree is vital for surgeons to make informed decisions regarding the necessity of additional procedures beyond cholecystectomy. The extrahepatic bile duct (EHBD) comprises the common hepatic duct (CHD) and the common bile duct (CBD), with the former formed by the convergence of the right and left hepatic ducts and the latter extending from the CHD to the duodenum. A normal diameter is indicative of the absence of any signs of obstruction in the EHBD, and the determination of the average range for these ducts are essential for identifying pathologies that may require further surgical intervention.