Introducing the Team Card: Enhancing governance for medical Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems in the age of complexity.

This paper introduces the Team Card (TC) as a protocol to address harmful biases in the development of clinical artificial intelligence (AI) systems by emphasizing the often-overlooked role of researchers' positionality. While harmful bias in medical AI, particularly in Clinical Decision Support (CDS) tools, is frequently attributed to issues of data quality, this limited framing neglects how researchers' worldviews-shaped by their training, backgrounds, and experiences-can influence AI design and deployment. These unexamined subjectivities can create epistemic limitations, amplifying biases and increasing the risk of inequitable applications in clinical settings.

Examining the connection between position-based power and social status across 70 cultures.

Even in the most egalitarian societies, hierarchies of power and status shape social life. However, power and received status are not synonymous-individuals in positions of power may or may not be accorded the respect corresponding to their role. Using a cooperatively collected dataset from 18,096 participants across 70 cultures, we investigate, through a survey-based correlational design, when perceived position-based power (operationalized as influence and control) of various powerholders is associated with their elevated social status (operationalized as perceived respect and instrumental social value).

Artificial intelligence in the era of planetary health: insights on its application for the climate change-mental health nexus in the Philippines.

This review explores the transformative potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the light of evolving threats to planetary health, particularly the dangers posed by the climate crisis and its emerging mental health impacts, in the context of a climate-vulnerable country such as the Philippines. This paper describes the country's mental health system, outlines the chronic systemic challenges that it faces, and discusses the intensifying and widening impacts of climate change on mental health. Integrated mental healthcare must be part of the climate adaptation response, particularly for vulnerable populations.

Global, Regional, and National Burden of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Trends From 1990 to 2021 and 20-Year Forecasts.

Background: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a critical condition that has far-reaching implications for public health systems globally due to its severe consequences and long-term disabilities. This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of SAH trends from 1990 to 2021 and project future trends up to 2041, aiding in better understanding and management of its global burden.

Methods: We utilized data from the GBD (Global Burden of Disease) 2021 database, using joinpoint regression, frontier, and decomposition analyses to assess changes in SAH burden.

Sociobehavioural factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against medically attended, symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in the Philippines: a prospective case-control study (FASCINATE-P study).

Objective: We examined sociobehavioural factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and estimated COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in the Philippines. Such studies are limited in low- and middle-income countries, especially in Asia and the Pacific.

Methods: A case-control study was conducted in two hospitals in Manila, Philippines, from March 2022 to June 2023.

Interventions on Fruit and Vegetable Intake in Low-, Middle-, and High-Income Countries: A Scoping Review of Evidence and Knowledge Gaps.

BackgroundAdequate fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake is important for health, yet populations globally are failing to meet recommendations.ObjectiveA scoping review to summarize available evidence of evaluations of interventions to increase F&V intake globally, focusing on target populations, intervention strategies, research methods, and summarizing their evaluated impacts.MethodsWe searched PubMed and Web of Science in February 2023 for intervention studies in which dietary intake of fruit and/or vegetables were documented.

Best practices for engaging with affected communities: chronic hepatitis B as a case study.

Hepatitis B is the single most common cause of liver cancer, affecting > 250 million people worldwide (mostly in resource limited communities) and killing > 1 million people annually. The condition is marked by poor rates of diagnosis (14%) and treatment (8% of eligible individuals). As with many health conditions, engagement with the affected community is crucial for designing, promoting, and advocating for effective solutions in the health system.

Primary management of prostate cancer by universal health coverage effective coverage index.

Purpose: Prostate cancer is under-researched in many Asian countries because the paucity of comprehensive cancer registries has prevented large studies from comparing primary prostate cancer therapies. We aimed to provide further insights into recent trends in primary prostate cancer management across multiple Asian countries and regions according to universal health coverage.

Methods: This is part of the Asian Prostate Cancer (A-CaP), a prospective and multicenter study conducted in 12 Asian countries.

Metabolomics and (craft) beers - recent advances.

Craft beers have encountered a steady rise in popularity over the years, as these artisanal beers produced by microbreweries have responded to consumer preferences for added novelty in such beverages. With this gain in appeal and interest for the beverage, craft beers have also become a growing industry in many parts of the world, and the same can be said for research within the field. This also extends to the chemistry of craft beers, where one method of exploration involves that of metabolomics, appropriately addressing the multi-faceted aspects of craft beer development and chemistry.

Patients' and doctors' preferences in early-stage triple-negative breast cancer treatment in Asia-Pacific: a multi-territory discrete choice experiment using a cross-sectional survey.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess preferences of patients and doctors regarding treatment attributes for early-stage triple-negative breast cancer (eTNBC) in the Asia-Pacific region.

Design: A discrete choice experiment (DCE) by cross-sectional survey was conducted with patients and doctors. Key attributes relevant to eTNBC treatment decision-making were verified through a consultative process with clinical experts.

Spiking Neuron-Astrocyte Networks for Image Recognition.

From biological and artificial network perspectives, researchers have started acknowledging astrocytes as computational units mediating neural processes. Here, we propose a novel biologically inspired neuron-astrocyte network model for image recognition, one of the first attempts at implementing astrocytes in spiking neuron networks (SNNs) using a standard data set. The architecture for image recognition has three primary units: the preprocessing unit for converting the image pixels into spiking patterns, the neuron-astrocyte network forming bipartite (neural connections) and tripartite synapses (neural and astrocytic connections), and the classifier unit.

Tranexamic acid as treatment for acute gastrointestinal bleeding: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is a common and potentially life-threatening medical emergency. Despite advancements in therapy, mortality rates associated with GI bleeding remain high (2.4% to 11%).

Molecular Iodine-Mediated β-Glycosylation of Thiomannosides with 1,6-Anhydrosugars.

β-Mannosides play a crucial role in cellular processes and immune responses, and their synthesis remains one of the most challenging tasks in carbohydrate chemistry. Glycosyl donors, such as thiomannosides, are stable and compatible with a range of protection and deprotection conditions. In this study, we demonstrate that molecular iodine efficiently induces the activation and coupling of thiomannosides with various 1,6-anhydrosugars as acceptors.

Chemically Tunable TiCT MXene Surfaces.

Modifying MXene surfaces is an effective strategy for controlling interactions with various chemical environments. Here, we demonstrate that treating TiCT MXene surfaces with dilute acids and bases results in surfaces enriched with oxygen species capable of reversible proton exchange. These treatments produce surfaces with varying dispersibilities in different organic solvents that can be toggled between "on" and "off" states through successive treatments.

A pan-gene catalogue of Asian cultivated rice.

The rice genome underpins fundamental research and breeding, but the Nipponbare (japonica) reference does not fully encompass the genetic diversity of Asian rice. To address this gap, the Rice Population Reference Panel (RPRP) was developed, comprising high-quality assemblies of 16 rice cultivars to represent , , , and varietal groups. The RPRP has been consistently annotated, supported by extensive experimental data and here we report the computational assignment, characterization and dissemination of stably identified pan-genes.

Evaluating YouTube as a source of information on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rare neurodegenerative disease that leads to progressive motor weakness and eventual death. Recent years have seen an increase in online information on ALS, with the popular video platform YouTube becoming a prominent source. We aimed to evaluate the quality, reliability, actionability, and understandability of ALS videos on YouTube.

Antibody-Targeted Bismuth Gadolinium Nanoconjugate for Image-Guided Radiotherapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most lethal cancers of the liver, has limited treatment options at advanced stages. Here, bismuth gadolinium (BiGd) nanoparticles (NPs) conjugated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibody (aVEGF) are designed and tested for targeted image-guided radiation therapy against HCC. The BiGd NPs are synthesized using the sol-gel technique, functionalized with silica NPs, and labeled with fluorescent protamine-rhodamine B.

Disparities in Stage at Presentation for Disaggregated Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander Patients with Breast Cancer.

Introduction: Cancer is the leading cause of death among Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander (AA&NHPI) populations, who are among the most diverse and rapidly growing racial/ethnic groups in the United States. Despite this population's diverse socioeconomic, cultural, and immigration backgrounds, little is known about the within-group disparities in breast cancer stages at diagnosis. This study aims to identify AA&NHPI subgroups at heightened risk for advanced breast cancer by analyzing detailed incidence rates and diagnostic stages across these diverse subgroups.

Informing Starch-Based Food Product Designs With Seaweeds Using an Analytical Kano-Quality Function Deployment Model.

Developing starch-based food products poses challenges in achieving an optimal nutritional profile and functional qualities. Adding seaweed is essential to potentially enhance these products' nutritional and functional attributes. This study addresses the development of an analytical tool based on the Kano-quality function deployment (QFD) model to guide food product design teams and demonstrates this tool in designing new starch-based food products enhanced with seaweeds.

Knockout of cadmium sensitive gene 1 confers enhanced cadmium tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.) by regulating the subcellular distribution of cadmium.

Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal which is toxic to both plants and animal. The high content of Cd in the rice grain severely threatens human's health. Here, we identified a Cd sensitive gene, named Cadmium Sensitive Gene 1 (OsCSG1), playing an important role in improving Cd tolerance in rice at seedling stage.

Cancer incidence and mortality estimates in 2022 in southeast Asia: a comparative analysis.

Background: Cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in southeast Asia. We aimed to present and interpret cancer incidence and mortality statistics in the 11 constituent countries of Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Timor-Leste, and Viet Nam to inform research priorities, health services, and cancer policy.

Methods: The number of new incident cases and deaths for all cancers combined and for leading cancers were extracted from the GLOBOCAN 2022 database developed by the International Agency for Research on Cancer for the 11 countries in southeast Asia.