Stress at School? A Qualitative Study on Illegitimate Tasks during Teacher Training.

What do I expect when stating that "I am going to be a teacher"? Social roles, including professional roles, often become part of people's identity and thus, of the self. As people typically strive for maintaining a positive sense of self, threats to one's role identity are likely to induce stress. In line with these considerations, Semmer et al.

Relationship of Prolonged Operative Time and Comorbidities With Complications After Geriatric Ankle Fractures.

Background: The incidence of geriatric ankle fractures has increased during the last few decades. In contrast to younger patients, increased complication rates have been observed. Thus, the goal of the present study was to identify risk factors for perioperative complications following open reduction and internal fixation of geriatric ankle fractures.

A simple heuristic for Internet-based evidence search in primary care: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: General practitioners (GPs) are confronted with a wide variety of clinical questions, many of which remain unanswered.

Methods: In order to assist GPs in finding quick, evidence-based answers, we developed a learning program (LP) with a short interactive workshop based on a simple three-step-heuristic to improve their search and appraisal competence (SAC). We evaluated the LP effectiveness with a randomized controlled trial (RCT).

Effect of tiotropium on COPD exacerbations: A systematic review.

Background: Exacerbation frequency is related to disease progression, quality of life, and prognosis in COPD. Earlier diagnosis, along with interventions aimed at preventing exacerbations and delaying progression, may help reduce the global burden of disease. Long-acting inhaled bronchodilators are effective at maintaining symptom relief and are recommended as first-choice therapy for more symptomatic patients and those at risk of exacerbation.

Treatment in elderly patients with head and neck cancer : A challenging dilemma.

Despite the increasing number of elderly patients requiring treatment for head and neck cancer, there is insufficient available evidence about the oncological results of treatment and its tolerability in such patients. Owing to comorbidities, elderly patients often need complex evaluation and pretreatment management, which often results in their exclusion from clinical trials. The question of which patients constitute the highest-risk groups regarding treatment-related morbidity and mortality, and who can tolerate and benefit from aggressive treatment, has not been adequately studied.

The effects of social identity threat and social identity affirmation on laypersons' perception of scientists.

Public debates about socio-scientific issues (e.g. climate change or violent video games) are often accompanied by attacks on the reputation of the involved scientists.

The Early Development of Wheeze. Environmental Determinants and Genetic Susceptibility at 17q21.

Rationale: Growing up on a farm protects from childhood asthma and early wheeze. Virus-triggered wheeze in infancy predicts asthma in individuals with a genetic asthma risk associated with chromosome 17q21.

Objectives: To test environmental determinants of infections and wheeze in the first year of life, potential modifications of these associations by 17q21, and the implications for different trajectories of wheeze.

Conjugation of Polymer-Coated Gold Nanoparticles with Antibodies-Synthesis and Characterization.

The synthesis of polymer-coated gold nanoparticles with high colloidal stability is described, together with appropriate characterization techniques concerning the colloidal properties of the nanoparticles. Antibodies against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are conjugated to the surface of the nanoparticles. Antibody attachment is probed by different techniques, giving a guideline about the characterization of such conjugates.

Allelic and copy-number variations of FcγRs affect granulocyte function and susceptibility for autoimmune blistering diseases.

Low-affinity Fcγ receptors (FcγR) bridge innate and adaptive immune responses. In many autoimmune diseases, these receptors act as key mediators of the pathogenic effects of autoantibodies. Genes encoding FcγR exhibit frequent variations in sequence and gene copy number that influence their functional properties.

Competition with and without priority control: linking rivalry to attention through winner-take-all networks with memory.

Competition is ubiquitous in perception. For example, items in the visual field compete for processing resources, and attention controls their priority (biased competition). The inevitable ambiguity in the interpretation of sensory signals yields another form of competition: distinct perceptual interpretations compete for access to awareness.

Europium-quantum dot nanobioconjugates as luminescent probes for time-gated biosensing.

Nanobioconjugates have been synthesized using cadmium selenide quantum dots (QDs), europium complexes (EuCs), and biotin. In those conjugates, long-lived photoluminescence (PL) is provided by the europium complexes, which efficiently transfer energy via Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) to the QDs in close spatial proximity. As a result, the conjugates have a PL emission spectrum characteristic for QDs combined with the long PL decay time characteristic for EuCs.

Embryonic transcription factors CDX2 and Oct4 are overexpressed in neuroendocrine tumors of the ileum: a pilot study.

Background: Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the ileum are rare submucosal tumors that are often diagnosed at advanced stages with metastatic spread to the liver causing a carcinoid syndrome. They present as solitary or multiple tumors. In NETs, loss of sequences on chromosomes 11, 16, 18 and 22 or gain of sequences on chromosomes 17 and 19 has been described.

Management of vascular malformations and hemangiomas of the head and neck--an update.

Purpose Of Review: We are witnesses of improved therapeutic strategies and intensified multidisciplinary and international exchange in the field of vascular anomalies of the head and neck region. This review summarizes today's 'state of the art' in treatment and points out recent developments in clinical management of hemangiomas and vascular malformations of the head and neck.

Recent Findings: Despite the general acceptance of the 'Hamburg classification', inappropriate use of the term 'hemangioma' is still found in scientific correspondences.

Lack of significant estrogen and progesterone receptor expression in nasal telangiectasias in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: an immunohistochemical analysis.

Conclusion: This immunohistochemical study of estrogen and progesterone receptors could not confirm a significant expression in nasal telangiectasias. Thus, a specific effect of these hormones or anti-hormone therapy on malformed nasal vessels has to be questioned and only offered under strict clinical control.

Objective: The efforts to control recurrent epistaxis in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) using alternative methods are very intense.

Temporal bone imaging using digital volume tomography and computed tomography: a comparative cadaveric radiological study.

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to analyze the diagnostic value of some temporal bone structures, e.g., ossicular chain, with digital volume tomography (DVT) compared with computed tomography (CT).

Superimposed segmental manifestation of both rare and common cutaneous disorders: a new paradigm.

In autosomal dominant skin disorders, a superimposed mosaic involvement arranged in a linear or otherwise segmental pattern is sometimes noted. Molecular proof of such type 2 segmental manifestation has so far been provided in Hailey-Hailey disease and Cowden syndrome. A similar superimposed segmental involvement can be found in numerous common disorders with a polygenic background, such a psoriasis, lichen planus, or vitiligo.

Mibelli revisited: a case of type 2 segmental porokeratosis from 1893.

In autosomal dominant skin disorders, a pronounced mosaic involvement may sometimes be found to be superimposed on the ordinary nonsegmental lesions. Such "type 2 segmental manifestation" reflects loss of heterozygosity occurring at an early developmental stage, giving rise to a cell clone that lacks the corresponding wild-type allele. Here, this genetic concept is applied to an unusual case of plaque-type porokeratosis of Mibelli (PM) as published in 1893 by Vittorio Mibelli in the International Atlas of Rare Skin Diseases.

Speckled lentiginous naevus: which of the two disorders do you mean?

Speckled lentiginous naevus (synonym: naevus spilus) no longer represents one clinical entity, but rather, two different disorders can be distinguished. Naevus spilus maculosus is consistently found in phacomatosis spilorosea, whereas naevus spilus papulosus represents a hallmark of phacomatosis pigmentokeratotica. The macular type is characterized by dark speckles that are completely flat and rather evenly distributed on a light brown background, resembling a polka-dot pattern.

What is a capillary malformation?

Today, the designation "capillary malformation" is widely used as a modern name for what was formerly called a nevus flammeus or port-wine stain. This new terminology, however, is inaccurate and ambiguous. There are at least nine different skin disorders fulfilling the criteria of a capillary malformation.

Segmentally arranged basaloid follicular hamartomas with osseous, dental and cerebral anomalies: a distinct syndrome.

A 39-year-old man presented with multiple basaloid follicular hamartomas involving the right side of his body in a systematized pattern following Blaschko's lines. His right leg was 22.5 cm shorter than the left, and rudimentary pre-axial polydactyly was noted on the left hand and the right foot.

Superimposed segmental manifestation of polygenic skin disorders.

In common acquired skin disorders with a polygenic background such as psoriasis, a linear or otherwise segmental arrangement may sometimes be noted. The segmental involvement tends to be rather severe and may be associated with milder, nonsegmental lesions of the same disorder. Such cases may be best explained by an early postzygotic event in the form of loss of heterozygosity involving one of the genes that predispose to the disorder.

Inverse Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome: review of cases showing deficient growth.

Background: Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome is defined by a coexistence of nevus flammeus and overgrowth of one or more limbs. Remarkably, however, deficient growth of an affected limb may likewise be noted.

Observations: We collected from the literature a number of cases of Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome associated with deficient growth such as shortening or hypoplastic muscle mass of the affected extremity.

Linear Cowden nevus: a new distinct epidermal nevus.

Within the group of epidermal nevi, a so far nameless disorder is described under the term "linear Cowden nevus". This non-organoid epidermal nevus is caused by loss of heterozygosity, occurring at an early developmental stage in an embryo with a germline PTEN mutation, giving rise to Cowden disease. Hence, linear Cowden nevus can be categorized as a characteristic feature of type 2 segmental Cowden disease.

X-chromosome inactivation: role in skin disease expression.

Unlabelled: The occurrence of X inactivation in mammals has the consequence that all women are functional mosaics. In X-linked skin disorders, Lyonization usually gives rise to a mosaic pattern, as manifest by the appearance of the lines of Blaschko. This arrangement of lesions is observed in male-lethal X-linked traits, such as incontinentia pigmenti, focal dermal hypoplasia, Conradi-Hünermann-Happle syndrome, oral-facial-digital syndrome type 1 and MIDAS (microphthalmia, dermal aplasia and sclerocornea) syndrome, as well as in various X-linked non-lethal phenotypes, such as hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia of Christ-Siemens-Touraine, IFAP (ichthyosis follicularis-alopecia-photophobia) syndrome and X-linked dyskeratosis congenita.