A Critical Examination of Independent Medical Review Decision-making for Cardiovascular Procedures Shows Low Rate of Evidence Citation in Reviews.

Background: The California Independent Medical Review (IMR) program was created in 2001 to provide an independent, external evaluation of insurers' denials of coverage of health services.

Objective: We sought to evaluate the quality and comprehensiveness of data used to support IMR decision-making between 2015 and 2020.

Results: Of the 159 cases submitted to IMR regarding denials of cardiovascular procedures, 52% of these denials were overturned by IMR, thus restoring coverage.

Barriers and Facilitators of High-Efficiency Clinical Pathway Implementation in Community Hospitals.

Background: An intervention that involved simultaneously implementing clinical pathways for multiple conditions was tested at a tertiary children's hospital and it improved care quality. We are conducting a randomized trial to evaluate this multicondition pathway intervention in community hospitals. Our objectives in this qualitative study were to prospectively (1) identify implementation barriers and (2) map barriers to facilitators using an established implementation science framework.

How do academic and career services affect employment, education, and disability benefit receipt in the transition to adulthood for youth with disabilities who have aged out of foster care?

The transition to adulthood is an important process with implications for inequality. Both those with disabilities and those who age of out of foster care are vulnerable during this transition. This project examines the intersection of these groups, exploring employment, education, and disability benefit receipt, the supports these youth receive, and how these supports may mitigate risk in this transition.

Adaptation, implementation, and evaluation of an online health sciences training program for brief smoking intervention: A pre-post study in four European countries.

Background: Tobacco cessation intervention has a positive impact on quality of care. For health professionals, limited competency in this area may be associated with poor training during their academic programs. There is a clear need to further develop and implement training programs to improve tobacco cessation knowledge, skills, and attitudes among healthcare students.

Medical imaging utilization and associated radiation exposure in children with down syndrome.

Objective: To evaluate the frequency of medical imaging or estimated associated radiation exposure in children with Down syndrome.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 4,348,226 children enrolled in six U.S.

Use of preferred contraceptive method among young adults in Texas and California: A comparison by state and insurance coverage.

Background: Young people's ability to use their preferred contraceptive method is an indicator of reproductive autonomy and healthcare access. State policies can hinder or facilitate access to a preferred contraceptive method.

Objective: This study compared use of preferred contraceptive method in Texas and California, states with contrasting health policy contexts that impact health insurance coverage and access to subsidized family planning services.

CT acquisition parameter selection in the real world: impacts on radiation dose and variation amongst 155 institutions.

Objective: Quantify the relationship between CT acquisition parameters and radiation dose, how often parameters are adjusted in real-world practice, and their degree of contribution to real-world dose distribution. Identify discrepancies between parameters that are impactful in theory and impactful in practice.

Methods: This study analyses 1.

Differential Treatment and Outcomes for Patients With Heart Attacks in Advantaged and Disadvantaged Communities.

Background Racially and ethnically minoritized groups, people with lower income, and rural communities have worse access to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) than their counterparts, but PCI hospitals have preferentially opened in wealthier areas. Our study analyzed disparities in PCI access, treatment, and outcomes for patients with acute myocardial infarction based on the census-derived Area Deprivation Index. Methods and Results We obtained patient-level data on 629 419 patients with acute myocardial infarction in California between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2020.

The Relationship Between Scope of Practice Laws for Task Delegation and Nurse Turnover in Home Health.

Objective: Nurse turnover can compromise the quality and continuity of home health care. Scope of practice laws, which determine the tasks nurses are allowed to perform and delegate, are an important element of autonomy and vary across states. In this study, we used human resource records from a multistate home health organization to examine the relationship between nurse turnover and whether nurses can delegate tasks to unlicensed aides.

Associated radiation exposure from medical imaging and excess lifetime risk of developing cancer in pediatric patients with pulmonary hypertension.

Pediatric patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) receive imaging studies that use ionizing radiation (radiation) such as computed tomography (CT) and cardiac catheterization to guide clinical care. Radiation exposure is associated with increased cancer risk. It is unknown how much radiation pediatric PH patients receive.

"But the reality is it's happening": A qualitative study of eating disorder providers about psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy.

Objective: This study invited providers who care for patients with eating disorders to inform engagement, communication, and collaboration with psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy interventions.

Method: Medical and mental health providers who treat patients with eating disorders were recruited via professional referral networks and participant driven sampling from across California to participate in one of five focus groups. Discussion topics included prior knowledge of psychedelic therapy, interest/concerns related to psilocybin therapy, and opportunities for collaboration.

Effectiveness of a School Drinking Water Promotion and Access Program for Overweight Prevention.

Background And Objective: Drinking water promotion and access shows promise for preventing weight gain. This study evaluated the impact of Water First, a school-based water promotion and access intervention on changes in overweight.

Methods: Low-income, ethnically diverse elementary schools in California's Bay Area were cluster-randomized to intervention and control groups.

Comparing the health of refugee and asylee patients with that of non-refugee immigrant and US-born patients in a large Urban clinic.

Objectives: To compare disease burden in refugee/asylee, non-refugee immigrant, and US-born patients in the largest safety net clinic in San Francisco, California.

Methods: This is a retrospective chart review including 343 refugee/asylee, 450 immigrant, and 202 US-born patients in a San Francisco clinic from January 2014 to December 2017. Using electronic medical records, we compared prevalence of several diseases by immigration status.

Envisioning the Future of Well-Being Efforts for Health Care Workers-Successes and Lessons Learned From the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Importance: The National Academy of Medicine's National Plan for Health Workforce Well-Being provides recommendations for supporting the mental health and well-being of health care workers. This article aims to guide implementation of National Academy of Medicine recommendations by describing 2 programs at Columbia University Irving Medical Center and the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), designed early in the COVID-19 pandemic to respond to the behavioral health needs of the health care workforce. The development of these programs, their similarities and differences, and the key lessons learned are discussed.

Moral reasoning through the eyes of persons with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia.

Introduction: Persons with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) can exhibit apparently antisocial behaviors. An example is their tendency to adopt utilitarian choices in sacrificial moral dilemmas, i.e.

Pathways from climate change to emotional wellbeing: A qualitative study of Kenyan smallholder farmers living with HIV.

Climate change is associated with adverse mental and emotional health outcomes. Social and economic factors are well-known drivers of mental health, yet comparatively few studies examine the social and economic pathways through which climate change affects mental health. There is additionally a lack of research on climate change and mental health in sub-Saharan Africa.

Preparing nurse scientists for health services and policy research: Five-year outcomes of interprofessional postdoctoral training in the National Clinician Scholars Program.

Background: The National Clinician Scholars Program (NCSP) is an interprofessional postdoctoral fellowship for physicians and nurses with a PhD. or DNP focused on health services research, policy, and leadership.

Purpose: To evaluate 5-year outcomes of nurse postdoctoral scholars in the NCSP.