Reliability of remote video ratings of the scale for assessment and rating of ataxia.

Introduction: The Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) is a widely used clinical rating scale in ataxia. Remote video assessments of SARA examinations are increasingly used to reduce variability through centralized ratings. Remote video assessments have a high agreement with in-person ratings, but the intra- and inter-rater reliability of remote video ratings has not been examined.

Artificial Intelligence in the Diagnosis and Quantitative Phenotyping of Hyperkinetic Movement Disorders: A Systematic Review.

: Hyperkinetic movement disorders involve excessive, involuntary movements such as ataxia, chorea, dystonia, myoclonus, tics, and tremor. Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) allow investigators to integrate multimodal instrumented movement measurements and imaging techniques and to analyze these data together at scale. In this systematic review, we aim to characterize AI's performance in diagnosing and quantitatively phenotyping these disorders.

Parkinson's Disease Mild Cognitive Impairment with MRI evidence of Cholinergic Nucleus 4 Degeneration: A New Subtype?

Subtyping Parkinson's disease with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) could improve clinical trial design and personalized treatments. Cholinergic nucleus 4 (Ch4) volume has been linked to cognitive impairment severity and future decline in PD. This study investigates whether PD-MCI patients with MRI evidence of Ch4 degeneration have distinct clinical profiles and cognitive trajectories.

Leaving the Norwegian opioid maintenance treatment program - patient experiences.

Background: Opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) saves lives and makes it possible to start a process of health and social rehabilitation. Previous research shows that those who leave OMT after years of a drug free life and a reasonable level of health and social rehabilitation can have a good chance of living a stable drug free life after leaving the treatment. The aim of this study was to gain more knowledge about how patients who were in the process of leaving, or who had left OMT, experienced the leaving process.

Distinguishing Prodromal Dementia With Lewy Bodies From Prodromal Alzheimer Disease: A Longitudinal Study.

Background And Objectives: It can be clinically challenging to differentiate dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Alzheimer disease (AD). As potential therapies emerge with the goal of slowing or halting misfolded protein aggregation, it is imperative to be able to identify individuals before the disease becomes disabling. Differentiating between DLB and AD in the preclinical or prodromal phase of DLB and AD becomes more important.

Is Postoperative Voice Rest Unnecessary? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Voice Rest Recommendation Outcomes.

Background: Voice rest (VR) is widely recommended after microlaryngeal surgery to facilitate recovery and improve voice outcomes. Our study is the first systematic review and meta-analysis summarizing the impact of postoperative absolute voice rest (AVR) and no voice rest (NVR) instructions on voice outcomes.

Methods: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched using "voice rest laryngeal surgery" and "postoperative voice rest" for articles published before December 2022.

Neuronal alpha-Synuclein Disease integrated staging system performance in PPMI, PASADENA, and SPARK baseline cohorts.

The Neuronal alpha-Synuclein Disease (NSD) biological definition and Integrated Staging System (NSD-ISS) provide a research framework to identify individuals with Lewy body pathology and stage them based on underlying biology and increasing degree of functional impairment. Utilizing data from the PPMI, PASADENA, and SPARK studies, we developed and applied biologic and clinical data-informed definitions for the NSD-ISS across the disease continuum. Individuals enrolled as Parkinson's disease, Prodromal, or Healthy Controls were defined and staged based on biological, clinical, and functional anchors at baseline.

Improving Parkinson's Disease Care through Systematic Screening for Depression.

Background: Depression is common in Parkinson's disease (PD) but is underrecognized clinically. Although systematic screening is a recommended strategy to improve depression recognition in primary care practice, it has not been widely used in PD care.

Methods: The 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) was implemented at 5 movement disorders clinics to screen PD patients.

Association of Cardiovascular Outcomes With Low-Dose Glucocorticoid Prescription in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Objective: Many guidelines recommend limiting glucocorticoids in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but 40% of patients remain on glucocorticoids long term. We evaluated the cardiovascular risk of long-term glucocorticoid prescription by studying patients on stable disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs).

Methods: Using two claims databases, we identified patients with RA on stable DMARD therapy for >180 days.

Genetic and phenotypic characterization of Parkinson's disease at the clinic-wide level.

Observational studies in Parkinson's disease (PD) deeply characterize relatively small numbers of participants. The Molecular Integration in Neurological Diagnosis Initiative seeks to characterize molecular and clinical features of every PD patient at the University of Pennsylvania (UPenn). The objectives of this study are to determine the feasibility of genetic characterization in PD and assess clinical features by sex and GBA1/LRRK2 status on a clinic-wide scale.

GPNMB Biomarker Levels in GBA1 Carriers with Lewy Body Disorders.

Background: The GPNMB single-nucleotide polymorphism rs199347 and GBA1 variants both associate with Lewy body disorder (LBD) risk. GPNMB encodes glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB), a biomarker for GBA1-associated Gaucher's disease.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether GPNMB levels (1) differ in LBD with and without GBA1 variants and (2) associate with rs199347 genotype.

Temporal and structural sensitivities of major biomarkers for detecting neuropathology after traumatic brain injury in the mouse.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in teenagers to young adults. In recent decades, different biomarkers and/or staining protocols have been employed to evaluate the post-injury development of pathological structures, but they have produced many contradictory findings. Since correctly identifying the underlying neuroanatomical changes is critical to advancing TBI research, we compared three commonly used markers for their ability to detect TBI pathological structures: Fluoro-Jade C, the rabbit monoclonal antibody Y188 against amyloid precursor protein and the NeuroSilver kit were used to stain adjacent slices from naïve or injured mouse brains harvested at different time points from 30 min to 3 months after lateral fluid percussion injury.

A biological definition of neuronal α-synuclein disease: towards an integrated staging system for research.

Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies are currently defined by their clinical features, with α-synuclein pathology as the gold standard to establish the definitive diagnosis. We propose that, given biomarker advances enabling accurate detection of pathological α-synuclein (ie, misfolded and aggregated) in CSF using the seed amplification assay, it is time to redefine Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies as neuronal α-synuclein disease rather than as clinical syndromes. This major shift from a clinical to a biological definition of Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies takes advantage of the availability of tools to assess the gold standard for diagnosis of neuronal α-synuclein (n-αsyn) in human beings during life.

Transitioning from Subtyping to Precision Medicine in Parkinson's Disease: A Purpose-Driven Approach.

The International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society (MDS) created a task force (TF) to provide a critical overview of the Parkinson's disease (PD) subtyping field and develop a guidance on future research in PD subtypes. Based on a literature review, we previously concluded that PD subtyping requires an ultimate alignment with principles of precision medicine, and consequently novel approaches were needed to describe heterogeneity at the individual patient level. In this manuscript, we present a novel purpose-driven framework for subtype research as a guidance to clinicians and researchers when proposing to develop, evaluate, or use PD subtypes.