A Retrospective Study of Virtual Hospital Experiential Learning Across Clerkship and Pre-clerkship Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine Students at a Medical School Based in the United States.

Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, a medical institution in the United States implemented a virtual clerkship rotation to replicate the skills that students would develop during an in-person clinical site rotation. The primary objective of this study was to identify the efficacy and benefits following the implementation of the Virtual Hospital Experiential Learning (VHEL) model, as demonstrated by increased perceived confidence and skill growth among medical students.

Methods: Cases were presented to five to six medical students each week.

Geographical Distribution of Osteopathic Neurosurgery Residents.

Introduction: The neurosurgery residency match has grown increasingly competitive, especially for osteopathic (DO) medical students, amidst the transition to a single accreditation system in 2020. This shift required former American Osteopathic Association (AOA) programs to apply for Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) accreditation, leading to a notable reduction in programs with a history of accepting DO applicants. This study aims to explore both potential geographical trends in residency match among recent DO neurosurgical residents and in the number of DO neurosurgical residents pre- and post-ACGME merger.

Home Heart Hospital Associated With Reduced Hospitalizations and Costs Among High-Cost Patients With Cardiovascular Disease.

Background: There is no widely accepted care model for managing high-need, high-cost (HNHC) patients. We hypothesized that a Home Heart Hospital (H3), which provides longitudinal, hospital-level at-home care, would improve care quality and reduce costs for HNHC patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Objective: To evaluate associations between enrollment in H3, which provides longitudinal, hospital-level at-home care, care quality, and costs for HNHC patients with CVD.

Surgical Management of Primary Thoracic Epidural Melanoma.

In this study, we reported one of the first cases where a rare robotic-assisted platform with neuronavigation technology and carbon-fiber-polyetheretherketone (CF/PEEK) screws is employed to surgically treat multilevel thoracic primary spinal epidural melanoma. A 67-year-old male presented with left upper thoracic pain. His magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the thoracic spine revealed a dumbbell-shaped left epidural mass at the T2-3 level.

In-clinic Versus Online Recruitment of Women With a History of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia or Cervical Cancer to a Smoking Cessation Trial: A Post hoc Comparison of Participant Characteristics, Study Retention, and Cessation Outcomes.

Introduction: Recruiting special populations to smoking cessation trials is challenging and approaches beyond in-clinic recruitment may be beneficial. This secondary analysis of data from a smoking cessation RCT for individuals with a history of cervical cancer or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) explored differences associated with in-clinic vs. online recruitment.

Anomalous Origin of the Right Coronary Artery From the Left Coronary Cusp Presenting as a Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI).

Coronary artery anomalies are relatively uncommon in the general population with a roughly 1% incidence. Though oftentimes asymptomatic, these anomalies can be detrimental, resulting in myocardial infarction and even sudden cardiac death. Here, we present a case in which a 65-year-old male presented to the emergency room with substernal chest pain that radiated into his left arm.

Mechanical compensation in the evolution of the early hominin feeding apparatus.

Australopiths, a group of hominins from the Plio-Pleistocene of Africa, are characterized by derived traits in their crania hypothesized to strengthen the facial skeleton against feeding loads and increase the efficiency of bite force production. The crania of robust australopiths are further thought to be stronger and more efficient than those of gracile australopiths. Results of prior mechanical analyses have been broadly consistent with this hypothesis, but here we show that the predictions of the hypothesis with respect to mechanical strength are not met: some gracile australopith crania are as strong as that of a robust australopith, and the strength of gracile australopith crania overlaps substantially with that of chimpanzee crania.

Exsanguination From Superficial Lower Extremity Trauma.

Deaths related to exsanguination are not rare; however, most are related to large-caliber blood vessel or organ disruption. This article reports 2 deaths from external hemorrhage arising from superficial lower extremity trauma in persons with peripheral vascular disease and anticoagulant therapy. The first involved a 78-year-old woman who was found unconscious in her home by a relative, with a plastic bag tied around her left foot and evidence of profuse hemorrhage arising from a left great toenail partial avulsion injury.

Humanized Mouse Model as a Novel Approach in the Assessment of Human Allogeneic Responses in Organ Transplantation.

The outcome of organ transplantation is largely dictated by selection of a well-matched donor, which results in less chance of graft rejection. An allogeneic immune response is the main immunological barrier for successful organ transplantation. Donor and recipient human leukocyte antigen (HLA) mismatching diminishes outcomes after solid organ transplantation.

"Comet-tailing" associated with gunshot entrance wounds.

A "plated bullet" has a thin layer of electroplated metal covering the lead core of the projectile. In certain situations, this thin layer of electroplated metal can fracture upon discharge of the firearm. When such fracturing occurs, vaporous lead can escape through the fracture lines of the spinning projectile, resulting in a spiral-shaped deposition of dark residue surrounding a central bullet defect.

HLA-G and humanized mouse models as a novel therapeutic approach in transplantation.

HLA-G is a nonclassical MHC-Class I molecule whose expression, along the feto-maternal barrier contributes towards tolerance of the semiallogeneic fetus during pregnancy. In light of its inhibitory properties, recent research has established HLA-G involvement in mechanisms responsible for directing allogeneic immune responses towards tolerance during allogeneic situations such as organ transplantation. Here, we critically review the data supporting the tolerogenic role of HLA-G in organ transplantation, the various factors influencing its expression, and the introduction of novel humanized mouse models that are one of the best approaches to assess the utility of HLA-G as a therapeutic tool in organ transplantation.