Mechanistic insights from sleep endoscopy related to oronasal mask failures: a case report.

Unlabelled: A 71-year-old male with severe obstructive sleep apnea and nasal septal deviation presented to a positive airway pressure (PAP) alternatives clinic due to persistent obstructive events on both continuous PAP and bilevel PAP therapy delivered via oronasal mask. He underwent drug-induced sleep endoscopy with PAP titration to determine the mechanism of oronasal mask failure. A nasal mask was also applied and titrated for comparison.

Update on "Cell Therapy" Clinics Offering Treatments of Ocular Conditions Using Direct-To-Consumer Marketing Websites in the U.S.

Purpose: To assess the scope of U.S.-based companies advertising and administering non-Federal Drug Administration (FDA) approved cell-based therapy (herein called NFACT) for ocular conditions based on information from companies' public websites after the FDA's legal actions against specific NFACT clinics in 2018 and 2019.

Does Paraspinal Muscle Mass Predict Lumbar Lordosis Before and After Decompression for Degenerative Spinal Stenosis?

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether muscle mass and quality of the lumbar paraspinal muscles was associated with improvements in lumbar lordosis and other sagittal parameters after isolated posterior lumbar decompression surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis.

Summary Of Background Data: Individuals may develop sagittal imbalance over time, either due to degenerative changes or other spinal conditions.

PET Imaging of Metabolism, Perfusion, and Hypoxia: FDG and Beyond.

Imaging glucose metabolism with [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography has transformed the diagnostic and treatment algorithms of numerous malignancies in clinical practice. The cancer phenotype, though, extends beyond dysregulation of this single pathway. Reprogramming of other pathways of metabolism, as well as altered perfusion and hypoxia, also typifies malignancy.

Alcohol use disorder and body mass index show genetic pleiotropy and shared neural associations.

Despite neurobiological overlap, alcohol use disorder (AUD) and body mass index (BMI) show minimal genetic correlation (r), possibly due to mixed directions of shared variants. We applied MiXeR to investigate shared genetic architecture between AUD and BMI, conjunctional false discovery rate (conjFDR) to detect shared loci and their directional effect, Local Analysis of (co)Variant Association (LAVA) for local r, Functional Mapping and Annotation (FUMA) to identify lead single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) to examine tissue enrichment, and BrainXcan to assess associations with brain phenotypes. MiXeR indicated 82.

The CNS relapse in T-cell lymphoma index predicts CNS relapse in patients with T- and NK-cell lymphomas.

Little is known about risk factors for central nervous system (CNS) relapse in mature T-cell and natural killer cell neoplasms (MTNKNs). We aimed to describe the clinical epidemiology of CNS relapse in patients with MTNKN and developed the CNS relapse In T-cell lymphoma Index (CITI) to predict patients at the highest risk of CNS relapse. We reviewed data from 135 patients with MTNKN and CNS relapse from 19 North American institutions.

Posterior Shoulder Instability, Part II-Glenoid Bone Grafting, Glenoid Osteotomy, and Rehabilitation/Return to Play-An International Expert Delphi Consensus Statement.

Purpose: To establish consensus statements on glenoid bone grafting, glenoid osteotomy, rehabilitation, return to play, and follow-up for posterior shoulder instability.

Methods: A consensus process on the treatment of posterior shoulder instability was conducted, with 71 shoulder/sports surgeons from 12 countries participating on the basis of their level of expertise in the field. Experts were assigned to 1 of 6 working groups defined by specific subtopics within posterior shoulder instability.

Posterior Shoulder Instability, Part I-Diagnosis, Nonoperative Management, and Labral Repair for Posterior Shoulder Instability-An International Expert Delphi Consensus Statement.

Purpose: To establish consensus statements on the diagnosis, nonoperative management, and labral repair for posterior shoulder instability.

Methods: A consensus process on the treatment of posterior shoulder instability was conducted, with 71 shoulder/sports surgeons from 12 countries participating on the basis of their level of expertise in the field. Experts were assigned to 1 of 6 working groups defined by specific subtopics within posterior shoulder instability.

Training and Comparison of nnU-Net and DeepMedic Methods for Autosegmentation of Pediatric Brain Tumors.

Background And Purpose: Tumor segmentation is essential in surgical and treatment planning and response assessment and monitoring in pediatric brain tumors, the leading cause of cancer-related death among children. However, manual segmentation is time-consuming and has high interoperator variability, underscoring the need for more efficient methods. After training, we compared 2 deep-learning-based 3D segmentation models, DeepMedic and nnU-Net, with pediatric-specific multi-institutional brain tumor data based on multiparametric MR images.

Brainstem Chipmunk Sign: A Diagnostic Imaging Clue across All Subtypes of Alexander Disease.

Background And Purpose: While classic brain MR imaging features of Alexander disease have been well-documented, lesional patterns can overlap with other leukodystrophies, especially in the early stages of the disease or in milder phenotypes. We aimed to assess the utility of a new neuroimaging sign to help increase the diagnostic specificity of Alexander disease.

Materials And Methods: A peculiar bilateral symmetric hyperintense signal on T2-weighted images affecting the medulla oblongata was identified in an index patient with type I Alexander disease.

Alterations of the Ganglion Cell Complex in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: An Amish Eye Study Analysis.

Purpose: To compare the ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness in eyes with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) vs healthy controls in an elderly Amish population.

Design: Prospective cross-sectional study.

Methods: This is a post hoc analysis of the family-based prospective study of Amish subjects.

Role of β3 subunit of the GABA type A receptor in triple negative breast cancer proliferation, migration, and cell cycle progression.

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is known for its heterogeneous nature and aggressive onset. The unresponsiveness to hormone therapies and immunotherapy and the toxicity of chemotherapeutics account for the limited treatment options for TNBC. Ion channels have emerged as possible therapeutic candidates for cancer therapy, but little is known about how ligand gated ion channels, specifically, GABA type A ligand-gated ion channel receptors (GABAR), affect cancer pathogenesis.

Buffering Mechanism in Aortic Arch Artery Formation and Congenital Heart Disease.

Background: The resiliency of embryonic development to genetic and environmental perturbations has been long appreciated; however, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the robustness of developmental processes. Aberrations resulting in neonatal lethality are exemplified by congenital heart disease arising from defective morphogenesis of pharyngeal arch arteries (PAAs) and their derivatives.

Methods: Mouse genetics, lineage tracing, confocal microscopy, and quantitative image analyses were used to investigate mechanisms of PAA formation and repair.

To close or not to close? Wound management in emergent colorectal surgery, an EAST multicenter prospective cohort study.

Background: This study aimed to determine the clinical impact of wound management technique on surgical site infection (SSI), hospital length of stay (LOS), and mortality in emergent colorectal surgery.

Methods: A prospective observational study (2021-2023) of urgent or emergent colorectal surgery patients at 15 institutions was conducted. Pediatric patients and traumatic colorectal injuries were excluded.

Intrathecal Gene Therapy for Giant Axonal Neuropathy.

Background: Giant axonal neuropathy is a rare, autosomal recessive, pediatric, polysymptomatic, neurodegenerative disorder caused by biallelic loss-of-function variants in , the gene encoding gigaxonin.

Methods: We conducted an intrathecal dose-escalation study of scAAV9/JeT-GAN (a self-complementary adeno-associated virus-based gene therapy containing the transgene) in children with giant axonal neuropathy. Safety was the primary end point.

Impact of Weekday on Short-term Surgical Outcomes After Lumbar Fusion Surgery.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate whether weekday lumbar spine fusion surgery has an impact on surgical and inpatient physical therapy (PT) outcomes.

Summary Of Background Data: Timing of surgery has been implicated as a factor that may impact outcomes after spine surgery.

Disease Trajectories in the Revised Hammersmith Scale in a Cohort of Untreated Patients with Spinal Muscular Atrophy types 2 and 3.

Background: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neuromuscular disorder characterised by progressive motor function decline. Motor function is assessed using several functional outcome measures including the Revised Hammersmith Scale (RHS).

Objective: In this study, we present longitudinal trajectories for the RHS in an international cohort of 149 untreated paediatric SMA 2 and 3 patients (across 531 assessments collected between March 2015 and July 2019).

-Mutant Cardiomyocyte Model of Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia.

Background: Germline gain-of-function pathogenic variants cause Costello syndrome (CS). During early childhood, 50% of patients develop multifocal atrial tachycardia, a treatment-resistant tachyarrhythmia of unknown pathogenesis. This study investigated how overactive HRAS activity triggers arrhythmogenesis in atrial-like cardiomyocytes (ACMs) derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells bearing CS-associated variants.