Potential influence of different peri-operative analgesic regimens on tumour biology and outcome after oncologic surgery: A narrative review.

The management of peri-operative pain is one of the pillars of anaesthesia and is of particular importance in patients undergoing surgery for solid malignant tumours. Amongst several options, the most commonly employed analgesic regimens involve opioids, NSAIDs and regional anaesthesia techniques with different local anaesthetics. In recent years, several research reports have tried to establish a connection between peri-operative anaesthesia care and outcome after cancer surgery.

Targeting the smooth muscle cell KEAP1-Nrf2-STING axis with pterostilbene attenuates abdominal aortic aneurysm.

Background: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life-threatening aortic disease, and to date, there are currently no effective pharmacological treatments to address this condition. Activation of cytosolic DNA sensing adaptor stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling is a crucial mechanism in AAA formation.

Purpose: This study investigated pterostilbene (Pt), a naturally occurring polyphenol and resveratrol analogue, as a STING inhibitor for preventing AAA.

Efficacy and Safety of Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 Analogs for the Treatment of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-21 analogs are potential therapeutic candidates for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of the FGF-21 analogs, efruxifermin, pegbelfermin, and pegozafermin for MASH treatment. A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials from five major databases was conducted.

Empagliflozin and liraglutide ameliorate HFpEF in mice via augmenting the Erbb4 signaling pathway.

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is closely associated with metabolic derangement. Sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) exert anti-HFpEF effects, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we explored the anti-HFpEF effects of empagliflozin and liraglutide and the underlying molecular mechanisms in a mouse model of HFpEF.

Probing the anti-Aβ42 aggregation and protective effects of prenylated xanthone against Aβ42-induced toxicity in transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans model.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) protein aggregates, leading to synaptic dysfunction and neuronal cell death. In this study, we used a comprehensive approach encompassing in vitro assays, computational analyses, and an in vivo Caenorhabditis elegans model to evaluate the inhibitory effects of various xanthones, focusing on Garcinone D (GD), on Aβ42 oligomer formation. Dot blot analysis revealed concentration-dependent responses among xanthones, with GD consistently inhibiting Aβ42 oligomer formation at low concentrations (0.

The cytoplasmic sensor, the AIM2 inflammasome: A precise therapeutic target in vascular and metabolic diseases.

Cardio-cerebrovascular diseases encompass pathological changes in the heart, brain and vascular system, which pose a great threat to health and well-being worldwide. Moreover, metabolic diseases contribute to and exacerbate the impact of vascular diseases. Inflammation is a complex process that protects against noxious stimuli but is also dysregulated in numerous so-called inflammatory diseases, one of which is atherosclerosis.

A novel mouse model of familial combined hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis.

Within the context of residual cardiovascular risk in post-statin era, emerging evidence from epidemiologic and human genetic studies have demonstrated that triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins and their remnants are causally related to cardiovascular risk. While, carriers of loss-of-function mutations of ApoC3 have low TG levels and are protected from cardiovascular disease (CVD). Of translational significance, siRNAs/antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) targeting ApoC3 is beneficial for patients with atherosclerotic CVD.

Moscatilin inhibits vascular calcification by activating IL13RA2-dependent inhibition of STAT3 and attenuating the WNT3/β-catenin signalling pathway.

Introduction: Vascular calcification, a devastating vascular complication accompanying atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease, increases the incidence of adverse cardiovascular events and compromises the efficacy of vascular interventions. However, effective therapeutic drugs and treatments to delay or prevent vascular calcification are lacking.

Objectives: This study was designed to test the therapeutic effects and mechanism of Moscatilin (also known as dendrophenol) from Dendrobium huoshanense (an eminent traditional Chinese medicine) in suppressing vascular calcification in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo.

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Bioactive compounds derived from herbal medicinal plants modulate various therapeutic targets and signaling pathways associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the world's primary cause of death. , a well-known traditional Chinese medicine with notable cardiovascular actions, has been used as a cardio- and cerebrovascular therapeutic drug and nutraceutical in Asian countries for centuries. Preclinical studies have shown that ginkgolide B, a bioactive component in , can ameliorate atherosclerosis in cultured vascular cells and disease models.

Measuring and improving the timeliness of vancomycin therapeutic drug monitoring and potential patient safety impacts.

Background: Timely vancomycin therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) enables prompt dose adjustments and safe treatment. Local incidents prompted an investigation into the reasons for prolonged reporting times.

Objectives: To investigate the variation in reporting times of vancomycin concentrations between hospitals with and without on-site TDM processing, and patient safety implications.

The associations of secondhand smoke exposure with neurodevelopmental disorders and critical time window identification: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure was harmful for brain development. However, the association between SHS exposure and NDDs diagnosis were unclear.

Objectives: To evaluate associations between SHS exposure and NDDs diagnosis, identify critical time windows, and summarize the strength of evidence.

A proteome-wide screen identifies the calcium binding proteins, S100A8/S100A9, as clinically relevant therapeutic targets in aortic dissection.

Aortic dissection (AD) is a fatal cardiovascular disease with limited pharmacotherapies. To discover novel therapeutic targets for AD, the present study was conducted on ascending aorta samples from AD patients versus those from control subjects using proteomic analysis. Integrated proteomic data analysis identified S100 calcium-binding proteins A8 and A9 (S100A8/A9) as new therapeutic targets for AD.

Opportunities for Bioactive Glass in Gastrointestinal Conditions: A Review of Production Methodologies, Morphology, Composition, and Performance.

Bioactive glasses (BGs) are widely used in orthopedic and dental applications for their ability to stimulate endogenous bone formation and regeneration. BG applications more recently broadened to include soft tissue conditions, based on their ability to stimulate angiogenesis, soft tissue regeneration, and wound healing. Sol-gel synthesis has helped facilitate this expansion, allowing formulators to tailor the morphological characteristics of the BG matrix.

Clinical safety and narcolepsy-like symptoms of dual orexin receptor antagonists in patients with insomnia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Study Objectives: Dual orexin receptor antagonists (DORAs) are emerging treatments for insomnia. This meta-analysis study aimed to assess the safety of FDA-approved DORAs (suvorexant, lemborexant, and daridorexant), focusing on narcolepsy-like symptoms associated with these drugs.

Methods: Five prominent databases were searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on this topic.

Anti-CD4 antibody and dendrimeric peptide based targeted nano-liposomal dual drug formulation for the treatment of HIV infection.

Aims: Development and characterization of LAM and DTG loaded liposomes conjugated anti-CD4 antibody and peptide dendrimer (PD2) to improve the therapeutic efficacy and to achieve targeted treatment for HIV infection.

Main Methods: A 2-level full factorial design was used to optimize the preparation of dual drug loaded liposomes. Optimized dual drug loaded ligand conjugated liposomes were assessed for their cytotoxicity and cell internalization on TZM-bl cells.

Effect on lipid profile and clinical outcomes of obeticholic acid for the treatment of primary biliary cholangitis and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Obeticholic acid (OCA) is the second-line therapy for primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), as well as an attractive candidate as a treatment for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). This meta-analysis aims to assess the impact of OCA on lipid profiles and clinical outcomes in patients with PBC and MASH. A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from five major databases were conducted.

Animal models of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF): from metabolic pathobiology to drug discovery.

Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is currently a preeminent challenge for cardiovascular medicine. It has a poor prognosis, increasing mortality, and is escalating in prevalence worldwide. Despite accounting for over 50% of all HF patients, the mechanistic underpinnings driving HFpEF are poorly understood, thus impeding the discovery and development of mechanism-based therapies.

Infant feeding practices and autism spectrum disorder in US children aged 2-5 years: the national survey of children's health (NSCH) 2016-2020.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between infant feeding practices and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) among children aged 2-5 years in the United States (US).

Methods: Data from the 2016-2020 National Survey of Children's Health, a nationally representative cross-sectional survey, were utilized for this study. Questionnaires were administered to parents of children aged 2-5 years to gather information on ASD diagnosis, infant feeding practices, and demographic factors (e.

Pharmacist interventions in medication adherence in patients with mental health disorders: a scoping review.

Objective: Mental health patients struggle with medication adherence, providing opportunities for pharmacists to have a critical role in implementing key interventions for this patient cohort. This scoping review aimed to identify and evaluate evidence of pharmacists' involvement in medication adherence interventions in mental health patients.

Methods: Three databases were searched from January 2013 to August 2022: PubMed, Embase and CINAHL.

Targeting protein modifications in metabolic diseases: molecular mechanisms and targeted therapies.

The ever-increasing prevalence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) represents a major public health burden worldwide. The most common form of NCD is metabolic diseases, which affect people of all ages and usually manifest their pathobiology through life-threatening cardiovascular complications. A comprehensive understanding of the pathobiology of metabolic diseases will generate novel targets for improved therapies across the common metabolic spectrum.

Association between maternal gestational diabetes and allergic diseases in offspring: a birth cohort study.

Background: Previous studies have linked gestational diabetes (GDM) with allergies in offspring. However, the effect of specific glucose metabolism metrics was not well characterized, and the role of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), a modifier of metabolism and the immune system, was understudied. We aimed to investigate the association between maternal GDM and allergic diseases in children and the interaction between glucose metabolism and PUFAs on allergic outcomes.

Australian community pharmacy service provision factors, stresses and strains: A qualitative study.

Introduction: Despite the desire of pharmacists to provide new and more clinically focused services, strain on the community pharmacist workforce is a known barrier to their service provision. Causes are unclear, although the impact of increased workload, as well as broader role-related and systemic causes have been suggested.

Aims: To (1) explore the role strain, stress and systemic factors affecting Australian community pharmacists' provision of cognitive pharmacy services (CPS), using the Community Pharmacist Role Stress Factor Framework (CPRSFF), and (2) adapt the CPRSFF to the local setting.

Design and development of novel, short, stable dynorphin-based opioid agonists for safer analgesic therapy.

Kappa opioid receptors have exceptional potential as an analgesic target, seemingly devoid of many problematic Mu receptor side-effects. Kappa-selective, small molecule pharmaceutical agents have been developed, but centrally mediated side-effects limit clinical translation. We modify endogenous dynorphin peptides to improve drug-likeness and develop safer KOP receptor agonists for clinical use.