Comparison of the mucoadhesive properties of thiolated polyacrylic acid to thiolated polyallylamine.

Synthetic polymers, polyacrylic acid (PAA) and polyallylamine (PAAm), were thiolated using different methods of thiolation. Both polymers resulted in comparable thiol contents, thus allowing for the direct comparison of mucoadhesive and cohesive properties between the well-established thiolated PAA and the more novel thiolated PAAm. Thiolation of both polymers improved the swelling ability and the cohesive and mucoadhesive properties in comparison to unmodified control samples.

Aflatoxins and ochratoxin A in export quality raisins collected from different areas of Pakistan.

During 2012-2014, 170 samples of export quality raisins were collected from different vendors in Pakistan. The collected samples were analysed for the presence of aflatoxins (AFs) and Ochratoxin A (OTA) contamination using high-performance liquid chromatography technique. The limit of detection and limit of quantification of AFs/OTA were 0.

Nanomedicine of anastrozole for breast cancer: Physicochemical evaluation, in vitro cytotoxicity on BT-549 and MCF-7 cell lines and preclinical study on rat model.

Aim: Formulation and evaluation of anastrozole, an anti-cancer drug loaded in different biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles.

Materials And Methods: Different carrier systems such as poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA 50:50), poly(lactic-acid) (PLA) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) are used to prepare nanoparticles by simple emulsion technique. The surfactants polyvinyl alcohol and sodium deoxycholate were studied for their use as stabilizing agents at varying concentrations.

Stepped gradients on polymeric monolithic columns by photoinitiated grafting.

The surface of polymethacrylate monoliths was functionalized by a post-polymerization modification, by means of a novel photo-initiated graft procedure where the charged monomer, sulfopropyl methacrylate, was controllably grafted stepwise, i.e. with incremental graft energies.

Characterisation of dry powder inhaler formulations using atomic force microscopy.

Inhalation formulations are a popular way of treating the symptoms of respiratory diseases. The active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is delivered directly to the site of action within the deep lung using an inhalation device such as the dry powder inhaler (DPI). The performance of the formulation and the efficiency of the treatment depend on a number of factors including the forces acting between the components.

PEGylated liposomes of anastrozole for long-term treatment of breast cancer: in vitro and in vivo evaluation.

The aim of present study was to develop conventional and PEGylated (long circulating), liposomes containing anastrozole (ANS) for effective treatment of breast cancer. ANS is a third-generation non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor of the triazole class used for the treatment of advanced and late-stage breast cancer in post-menopausal women. Under such disease conditions the median duration of therapy should be prolonged until tumor regression ends (>31 months).

Synthesis of mucoadhesive thiolated gelatin using a two-step reaction process.

Using a novel two-step approach, the thiolation of gelatin for mucoadhesive drug delivery has been achieved. The initial step involved the amination of native gelatin via an amine to carboxylic acid coupling reaction with ethylene diamine, followed by thiolation with Traut's reagent. The resulting thiolated product showed an increase in thiol content of up to 10-fold in comparison with control gelatin samples.

Development and validation of a new stability indicating reversed phase liquid chromatographic method for the determination of prednisolone acetate and impurities in an ophthalmic suspension.

A new stability indicating reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed and validated under current International Conference of Harmonisation (ICH) guidance for the determination of prednisolone acetate (PAC) and impurities in an ophthalmic suspension. The developed method is presented as an alternative to a modified version of the current RP-HPLC method described in the USP monograph for the assay of PAC in an ophthalmic suspension. Along with the assay of PAC, the new method is also capable of identifying and quantifying eight selected PAC impurities and degradation products in an ophthalmic suspension.

Kinetic and thermodynamic evaluation of phosphate ions binding onto sevelamer hydrochloride.

Sevelamer hydrochloride is the first non-aluminium, non-calcium-based phosphate binder developed for the management of hyperphosphatemia in end stage renal diseases. It is a synthetic ion-exchange polymer which binds and removes phosphate ions due to the high content of cationic charge associated with protonated amine groups on the polymer matrix. This is the first in-depth study investigating phosphate removal in vitro from aqueous solutions using commercially available sevelamer hydrochloride at physiological conditions of phosphate level, pH and temperature.

Determination of (R)-timolol in (S)-timolol maleate active pharmaceutical ingredient: validation of a new supercritical fluid chromatography method with an established normal phase liquid chromatography method.

An enantioselective supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) method was developed and validated to meet the current European Pharmacopoeia requirements of a limit test for the determination of S-timolol maleate enantiomeric purity in timolol maleate drug substance. The developed method is presented as an alternative to the current normal phase high performance liquid chromatography (NP-HPLC) method described in the European Pharmacopoeia (Timolol Maleate Monograph). Using a 4.

Enhancement and restriction of chain motion in polymer networks.

Sevelamer carbonate, a polymeric drug, adsorbs phosphate ions from the gastro intestine of patients suffering from chronic kidney disease. Polymer chain mobility becomes critical during its manufacture and storage. How the polymer chain mobility in sevelamer carbonate is quantitatively controlled by small molecular species, in this case by water molecules and bicarbonate anions, is demonstrated here.

Synthesis of imprinted beads by aqueous suspension polymerisation for chiral recognition of antihistamines.

A novel non-stabilised aqueous suspension polymerisation methodology for the preparation of spherical molecularly imprinted polymers is described with chlorpheniramine (CP), d-chlorpheniramine (d-CP), brompheniramine (BP) and d-brompheniramine (d-BP) as the templates, respectively. Using this rapid and simple technique, controlled polymer beads in the low micron range with narrow size distributions were generated by photo-polymerisation. The use of agitation speed as a method of controlling bead size distribution was demonstrated.