Coronal Plane Alignment of the Medial Column in Isolated Hallux Valgus, Isolated Flatfoot, and Combined Hallux Valgus-Flatfoot.

Background: To provide improved treatment for hallux valgus (HV), we sought to understand more about the pathophysiologic connection between flatfoot deformity and HV by comparing coronal plane alignment of the medial column of the foot for patients with isolated HV, isolated flatfoot, and combined HV-flatfoot vs controls.

Methods: This study retrospectively assessed a consecutive series of 33 patients with combined symptomatic and radiographic HV and flatfoot, 33 isolated symptomatic HV, 33 isolated symptomatic flatfoot, and 33 controls. The medial column alignment was assessed in the coronal plane using 3-dimensional weightbearing computed tomography (WBCT); rotation was measured for the navicular, medial cuneiform, and first metatarsal (M1).

Fracture Resistance of Chairside CAD/CAM Lithium Disilicate Partial and Full Coverage Crowns and Veneers for Maxillary Canines.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the fracture resistance of chairside computer assisted design and computer assisted manufacturing (CAD-CAM) lithium disilicate partial and full-coverage crowns and veneers for maxillary canines.

Methods And Materials: Forty-eight restorations for maxillary right canines (12 per group) were designed as follows: (1) partial crown with finish line in the upper middle third; (2) partial crown with finish line in the lower middle third; (3) traditional labial veneer; and (4) traditional full-coverage crown. Restorations were fabricated out of lithium disilicate (Amber Mill, Hassbio) using a chairside CAD-CAM system (Cerec Dentsply Sirona).

Geo-Spatial Analysis of Acute Ischemic Stroke Reperfusion Treatment in India: An Assessment of Distribution and Access to Centers.

Background: Stroke is a leading cause of global mortality and disability, with a disproportionately high burden in low- and middle-income countries. Access to intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and endovascular treatment (EVT) remains extremely limited.

Aims: We evaluated the spatial distribution and geographic accessibility of stroke centers in India.

SOX2-induced IL1α-mediated immune suppression drives epithelial dysplasia malignant transformation.

Squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) are often preceded by potentially malignant precursor lesions, most of which remain benign. The terminal exhaustion phenotypes of effector T-cells and the accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) have been thoroughly characterized in established SCC. However, it is unclear what precancerous lesions harbor a bona fide high risk for malignant transformation and how precancerous epithelial dysplasia drives the immune system to the point of no return.

Trends in Specialty Training and National Institutes of Health Funding Among Surgeon-Scientists.

Purpose: To determine if dual-degree training [ie, completion of a National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded MD/PhD program], among other professional development and demographic variables, predicted academic productivity (eg, K-to-R conversion, number of publications, etc.) among early-career surgeon-scientists.

Methods: We analyzed publicly available data from the National MD/PhD Program Outcomes Study and the Association of American Medical Colleges Graduate Medical Education Track database to identify trends in the number and proportion of MD/PhD graduates pursuing surgical specialties.

Benefit of Avasopasem Manganese on Severe Oral Mucositis in Head and Neck Cancer in the ROMAN Trial: Unplanned Secondary Analysis.

Purpose: Oral mucositis (OM) is a debilitating side effect of cisplatin and intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in patients with head and neck cancer. The phase 3 ROMAN trial showed avasopasem manganese (AVA) significantly decreased individual endpoints of incidence and duration of severe oral mucositis (SOM, World Health Organization [WHO] grade 3-4), with nominal decrease in severity (WHO grade 4) and significant increase in the delay in onset of SOM. We sought to determine the Net Treatment Benefit (NTB) of AVA versus placebo (PBO) using the generalized pairwise comparisons (GPC) method.

Dental Dam Isolation for Crown Removal, Atraumatic Tooth Extraction, Immediate Implant Placement, and Restoration Cementation: A Case Study.

Objectives: This case report describes the clinical protocols for the removal of crowns, tooth extraction, immediate implant placement, and cementation of new crowns, all performed under total or partial isolation with a dental dam.

Clinical Considerations: The patient's chief complaint was dissatisfaction with her smile. Radiographic and clinical evaluations led to the recommendation to replace the porcelain-fused-to-metal crowns on the maxillary central and lateral incisors with all-ceramic crowns.

Dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) after venous sinus stent (VSS) for presumed idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH): A case report and literature review.

Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) are rare but significant intracranial vascular malformations that are usually idiopathic and can lead to severe complications like venous hypertension and intracranial hemorrhage. We present 2 cases of DAVF occurring after venous sinus stenting (VSS) for presumed idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) in a 51-year-old and a 52-year-old female. In both patients, Cognard type 1 DAVF was detected by Catheter angiography and successfully obliterated with Onyx™ embolization.

Anatomical and Micro-CT Assessment of the First Metatarsal Head Vascularization and Soft Tissue Envelope Following Minimally Invasive Chevron Osteotomy for Hallux Valgus Deformity.

Background: Minimally invasive surgical (MIS) chevron-type osteotomy for hallux valgus (HV) treatment offers a surgical alternative to open surgery with minimal surgical dissection and a hypothetical decreased risk for soft tissue complications. The objectives of this study were to assess the incidence of injuries to the soft tissue envelope and to the blood supply of the first metatarsal head through gross dissection and, using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), to identify the safe position to perform the MIS chevron-type osteotomy of the first metatarsal head based on the anatomical data.

Methods: Twenty cadaveric specimens with HV were used for the study.

A Novel Isolation Technique Using Polytetrafluoroethylene Tape and Split Dam Isolation for Cementation in Bridge Restorations.

Objective: This case report presents a novel technique for bridge restoration using polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tape and split dam isolation in situations where achieving complete dental dam isolation is challenging.

Clinical Considerations: Achieving high-quality isolation by controlling gingival crevicular fluid and intraoral relative humidity is important during cementation. However, an improved technique during bridge restoration is needed due to the difficulties faced with dental dam isolation.

Optimal Hydrofluoric Acid Etching Duration and Impact of Silane/Adhesive on Profilometric Properties and Bonding to Lithium Disilicate Glass Ceramics.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the surface roughness, surface free energy (SFE), and shear bond strength (SBS) on a lithium disilicate glass-ceramic surface following varying etching protocols (time variation) and application of silane either with or without adhesive material.

Methods And Materials: Lithium disilicate glassceramic (LDGC) computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacture (CAD/CAM) blocks were cut using a slow-speed cutting mechanism. CAD/CAM blocks were then evaluated for surface roughness, 6 groups (n=20); SFE,12 groups (n=5); and SBS, 10 groups (n=10).

Analysis of the Effector Functions of Vδ2 γδ T Cells and NK Cells against Cholangiocarcinoma Cells.

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare disease characterized by malignant cells derived from the epithelial cells of the biliary duct system. Despite extensive treatments, the prognosis for CCA remains poor, emphasizing the critical need for the development of novel treatments. Considerable attention has been directed towards innate immune effector cells, which can recognize tumor cells independently of the major histocompatibility complex, laying the foundation for the development of off-the-shelf drugs.

An Approach to Successful Development of Clinician-Scientists in Neurology: The NINDS R25 Experience.

Objective: Training clinician-scientists is a primary objective of many academic neurology departments, as these individuals are uniquely positioned to perform insightful clinical or laboratory-based research informed both by clinical knowledge and their own experiences caring for patients. Despite its importance, training clinician-scientists has perhaps never been so challenging. The National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) R25 program was designed in an attempt to support these individuals, decrease the time needed to obtain National Institutes of Health K awards, and to help educate a cohort of trainees preparing for a career in academic neurology.

Quantification of First Metatarsal Joint Surface Interactions in Hallux Rigidus Using Distance and Coverage Mapping: A Case-Control Study.

Background: Weightbearing cone-beam computed tomography (WBCT) has proven useful for analysis of structural changes of the foot and ankle when compared to conventional radiographs. WBCT allows for extraction of distance and coverage mapping metrics, which may provide novel insight into hallux rigidus (HR). This study retrospectively assessed HR joint space using distance and coverage mapping in a case-control study.

Minimally invasive techniques in the management of muscular temporomandibular joint disorders: A five-year observational study.

Background: To evaluate the effectiveness of three minimally invasive techniques for managing patients with myofascial pain dysfunction, determine their association with sociodemographic factors, habits, medication usage, comorbidities, treatment history, pain duration, complaint intensity, and diagnosis limitations.

Material And Methods: This five-year observational study scrutinized 1,000 medical records from individuals treated at the TMD Orofacial Dental Research Center. TMD treatments were organized into Group 1 (thermotherapy, exercises, and CBT), Group 2 (Group 1 plus intramuscular manual therapy), and Group 3 (Group 1 and Group 2 plus occlusal appliances) and correlated with sociodemographic factors, habits, prior medication usage, comorbidities, history of prior treatments, duration of pain, intensity of complaint, and diagnosis limitations or without limitations regarding the symptoms of muscular temporomandibular disorders (TMD).

Assessing the functional roles of coevolving PHD finger residues.

Although in silico folding based on coevolving residue constraints in the deep-learning era has transformed protein structure prediction, the contributions of coevolving residues to protein folding, stability, and other functions in physical contexts remain to be clarified and experimentally validated. Herein, the PHD finger module, a well-known histone reader with distinct subtypes containing subtype-specific coevolving residues, was used as a model to experimentally assess the contributions of coevolving residues and to clarify their specific roles. The results of the assessment, including proteolysis and thermal unfolding of wildtype and mutant proteins, suggested that coevolving residues have varying contributions, despite their large in silico constraints.

Effectiveness of Updated 2023-2024 (Monovalent XBB.1.5) COVID-19 Vaccination Against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XBB and BA.2.86/JN.1 Lineage Hospitalization and a Comparison of Clinical Severity - IVY Network, 26 Hospitals, October 18, 2023-March 9, 2024.

Background: Assessing COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) and severity of SARS-CoV-2 variants can inform public health risk assessments and decisions about vaccine composition. BA.2.

Biomechanical consequences of Zadek osteotomy in insertional achilles tendinopathy: A virtual surgical simulation study.

Background: The Zadek osteotomy modified by Taylor (ZO) is a surgical technique used to treat insertional Achilles tendinopathy (IAT) by reducing the heel's prominence and elevating the Achilles tendon insertion. This study aims to analyze the biomechanical consequences of IAT after ZO using a virtual surgical simulation with a specific software.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 20 wtbearing computed tomography (WBCT) scans of IAT patients was conducted.