The Measurement Performance of the Parkinson's Disease Activities of Daily Living, Interference, and Dependence Instrument.

Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease that can be associated with motor fluctuations that result in substantial negative impact to an individual's activities of daily living. Understanding the patient's perspective about the impact of Parkinson's disease therapies is an important part of drug development and shared treatment decision-making. The objective of this research was to examine the structure, scoring, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and concurrent and known groups validity of the Parkinson's Disease Activities of Daily Living, Interference and Dependence (PD-AID) instrument, a new, patient-reported outcomes instrument, developed to assess the clinical benefit of Parkinson's disease treatment from the patient's perspective.

Building a Better Approach for the Benefit of Patients: 10 Pillars to Strengthen Regulatory Review Systems Globally.

In the current pharmaceutical regulatory environment, patients continue to benefit from great advances in medical care. Sophisticated regulatory review systems have also evolved to ensure that safe and effective medicines are approved. However, these systems are not optimized in all countries.

Janus kinase inhibitors for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis demonstrate similar profiles of in vitro cytokine receptor inhibition.

Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors have emerged as an effective class of therapies for various inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). JAK inhibitors function intracellularly by modulating the catalytic activity of JAKs and disrupting the receptor-mediated signaling of multiple cytokines and growth factors, including those with pro-inflammatory activity. Understanding the inhibition profiles of different JAK inhibitors, based on the associated cytokine receptors and downstream inflammatory pathways affected, is important to identify the potential mechanisms for observed differences in efficacy and safety.

Estimating the cost-effectiveness of an infant 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine national immunization program in China.

Background: The burden of pneumococcal disease in China is high, and a 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) recently received regulatory approval and is available to Chinese infants. PCV13 protects against the most prevalent serotypes causing invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in China, but will not provide full societal benefits until made broadly available through a national immunization program (NIP).

Objective: To estimate clinical and economic benefits of introducing PCV13 into a NIP in China using local cost estimates and accounting for variability in vaccine uptake and indirect (herd protection) effects.