Variability of haptoglobin beta-chain proteoforms.

Existing knowledge on changes of the haptoglobin (Hp) molecule suggests that it may exist in multiple proteoforms, which obviously exhibit different functions. Using two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) in combination with mass spectrometry and immunodetection, we have analyzed blood plasma samples from both healthy donors and patients with primary grade IV glioblastoma (GBM), and obtained a detailed composite 2DE distribution map of β-chain proteoforms, as well as the full-length form of Hp (zonulin). Although the total level of plasma Hp exceeded normal values in cancer patients (especially patients with GBM), the presence of particuar proteoforms, detected by their position on the 2DE map, was very individual.

[AdipoRon Effect on Expression of Lipid Metabolism Genes in Cultured Human Primary Macrophages].

Atherosclerosis is characterized by excessive uptake of cholesterol-rich low-density lipoprotein (LDL) by vascular wall macrophages. The macrophages are transformed into foam cells, lipids accumulate in the intima of arteries, atherosclerotic plaques arise, and cardiovascular diseases develop. Adiponectin is an adipose tissue adipokine and possess anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory activities, which are mediated by adiponectin binding to its receptors AdipoR1 and AdipoR2.

Quantitative Aspects of the Human Cell Proteome.

The number and identity of proteins and proteoforms presented in a single human cell (a cellular proteome) are fundamental biological questions. The answers can be found with sophisticated and sensitive proteomics methods, including advanced mass spectrometry (MS) coupled with separation by gel electrophoresis and chromatography. So far, bioinformatics and experimental approaches have been applied to quantitate the complexity of the human proteome.

Proteomics and Its Applications in Cancers.

Cancer is a system malignant transformation that covers a wide group of diseases and can affect any organ of the human body [...

[Zonulin - regulation of tight contacts in the brain and intestine - facts and hypotheses].

In recent years, the interrelationship between the brain and the gut has become an area of high scientific interest. The intestine is responsible not only for digestion, as it contains millions of neurons, its own immune system, and affects the emotional and cognitive processes. The relationship between the gut and the brain suggests that the processes carried out by the gut microbiota play a significant role in the regulation of brain function, and vice versa.

Construction of 2DE Patterns of Plasma Proteins: Aspect of Potential Tumor Markers.

The use of tumor markers aids in the early detection of cancer recurrence and prognosis. There is a hope that they might also be useful in screening tests for the early detection of cancer. Here, the question of finding ideal tumor markers, which should be sensitive, specific, and reliable, is an acute issue.

Mechanisms of Survival of Cytomegalovirus-Infected Tumor Cells.

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) DNA and proteins are often detected in malignant tumors, warranting studies of the role that HCMV plays in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. HCMV proteins were shown to regulate the key processes involved in tumorigenesis. While HCMV as an oncogenic factor just came into focus, its ability to promote tumor progression is generally recognized.

[Mechanisms of Survival of Cytomegalovirus-Infected Tumor Cells].

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) DNA and proteins are often detected in malignant tumors, warranting studies of the role that HCMV plays in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. HCMV proteins were shown to regulate the key processes involved in tumorigenesis. While HCMV as an oncogenic factor just came into focus, its ability to promote tumor progression is generally recognized.

Genes Responsible for HS Production and Metabolism Are Involved in Learning and Memory in .

The gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide (HS) produced by the transsulfuration pathway (TSP) is an important biological mediator, involved in many physiological and pathological processes in multiple higher organisms, including humans. Cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) enzymes play a central role in HS production and metabolism. Here, we investigated the role of HS in learning and memory processes by exploring several strains with single and double deletions of CBS and CSE developed by the CRISPR/Cas9 technique.

[Some psychiatric and neurological aspects of the asymptomatic and mild course of COVID-19].

Objective: To study neurological and mental disorders associated with the inapparent and mild course of COVID-19.

Material And Methods: The study included 50 patients (mean age 35.2±11.

Effects of Screen Time and Season on Cardiovascular System Indicators in Primary Schoolchildren.

Indicators of the cardiovascular system, including heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) variability parameters, were analyzed in primary school students with different computer screen times. The study included 4084 students of grades 1-4 (age 7-12 years) from 66 Moscow schools. The screen time at school and out of school was assessed by teachers, based on the national Sanitary Rules and Regulations: 0, no screen time; 1, screen time matching hygienic standards; 2, screen time at least twice greater than recommended.

[Haptoglobin as a biomarker].

Haptoglobin (Hp) is a blood plasma glycoprotein that binds free hemoglobin (Hb) and plays a critical role in tissue protection and the prevention of oxidative damage. In addition, it has a number of regulatory functions. Haptoglobin is an acute phase protein, its concentration in plasma changes in pathology, and the test for its concentration is part of normal clinical practice.

[Mutation del 1,02kb in the CLN3 gene and extrapyramidal syndrome].

Mutations in the GBA and SMPD1 genes, which lead to the development of lysosomal storage diseases, are high risk factors for Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. We screened the mutations in the GALC and CLN3 genes in patients with Parkinson's disease and control subjects. A heterozygous CLN3 mutation (del 1.

[Increase in GP IIb-IIIa and P2Y12 Receptors in Activated Platelets as the Possible Indicator of de novo Protein Synthesis].

Although platelets lack nuclei, they are capable of de novo protein synthesis. We speculate that key platelet receptors are involved in the regulation of this process, and the changes in their number indicate the de novo protein synthesis in platelets. The object of our study was native platelets obtained from healthy donors.

The Key Proteins of Dopaminergic Neurotransmission of Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes: Changed mRNA Level in Alcohol Dependence Syndrome.

The expression of dopamine receptor (DRD), Nurr1 transcription factor (NR4A2), and α-sinucleine (SNCA) genes in peripheral blood lymphocytes is evaluated. The results indicate that alcohol dependence is associated with high expression of SNCA and DRD4 (signifi cantly higher than in the control group) and is not associated with changes in the work of NR4A2 and DRD3 genes. The levels of DRD3 and DRD4 mRNA form a positive linear correlation (p≤0.

Dinitrosyl iron complexes with thiol-containing ligands and apoptosis: studies with HeLa cell cultures.

No pro-apoptotic effect of dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNIC) with glutathione, cysteine or thiosulfate was established after incubation of HeLa cells in Eagle's medium. However, DNIC with thiosulfate manifested pro-apoptotic activity during incubation of HeLa cells in Versene's solution supplemented with ethylene diamine tetraacetate (EDTA) known to induce the decomposition of these DNIC. The water-soluble о-phenanthroline derivative bathophenanthroline disulfonate (BPDS) had a similar effect on DNIC with glutathione during incubation of HeLa cells in Eagle's medium.

Detection of inflammatory processes during various diseases by the method of flow cytofluorometry.

Oxidative (respiratory) burst is an important manifestation of inflammation. Precise quantitative assessment of this reaction by flow cytometry made it possible to record and evaluate the severity of the inflammatory processes in a wide spectrum of diseases including diphtheria, hepatitis, pneumonia, bronchial asthma, arthritis, vasculitis, postoperative complications, tuberculosis, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and myocardial infarction. This approach can be employed as a highly sensitive method of detection of inflammatory reactions and monitoring of their course in various pathological processes.

DNA polymerases and carcinogenesis.

There are many various chromosomal and gene mutations in human cancer cells. The total mutation rate in normal human cells is 2·10(-7) mutations/gene/division. From 6 to 12 carcinogenic mutations can arise by the end of the life, and these can affect the structure of ~150 protooncogenes and genes encoding suppressors of tumor growth.

Apolipoprotein E-mimetics inhibit neurodegeneration and restore cognitive functions in a transgenic Drosophila model of Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Mutations of the amyloid precursor protein gene (APP) are found in familial forms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and some lead to the elevated production of amyloid-beta-protein (Abeta). While Abeta has been implicated in the causation of AD, the exact role played by Abeta and its APP precursor are still unclear.

Principal Findings: In our study, Drosophila melanogaster transgenics were established as a model to analyze AD-like pathology caused by APP overexpression.

High level of alpha-synuclein mRNA in peripheral lymphocytes of patients with alcohol dependence syndrome.

The content of mRNA for alpha-synuclein (a key protein of the dopaminergic system) was elevated in the peripheral lymphocytes of patients with alcohol dependence syndrome. Increased level of alpha-synuclein mRNA was not associated with changes in the expression of NR4A2 gene encoding Nurrl, one of the main transcription factors of dopaminergic neurons.

Design of stable alpha-helices using global sequence optimization.

The rational design of peptide and protein helices is not only of practical importance for protein engineering but also is a useful approach in attempts to improve our understanding of protein folding. Recent modifications of theoretical models of helix-coil transitions allow accurate predictions of the helix stability of monomeric peptides in water and provide new possibilities for protein design. We report here a new method for the design of alpha-helices in peptides and proteins using AGADIR, the statistical mechanical theory for helix-coil transitions in monomeric peptides and the tunneling algorithm of global optimization of multidimensional functions for optimization of amino acid sequences.

Participation of IIb-IIIa glycoprotein in spontaneous platelet aggregation.

In some patients with stable and unstable angina pectoris and in some donors without clinical manifestations of cardiovascular diseases and other pathologies, spontaneous platelet aggregation was completely suppressed by glycoprotein IIb-IIIa antagonists blocking the interaction of this glycoprotein with fibrinogen. Antibodies inhibiting binding of glycoprotein Ib with von Willebrand factor had no effect on the level and rate of spontaneous platelet aggregation. In the donor group, the level of spontaneous aggregation was almost 1.

Intracellular NO concentration and its changes in carcinoma cells and cultured human endotheliocytes under the influence of inhibitors and inductors of nitric oxide synthases.

We carried out cytophotometric evaluation of NO content in cells expressing various types of NO synthases. Endogenous production of NO can be modified by NO synthase inductors and inhibitors.