What is the influence of psychosocial factors on artificial intelligence appropriation in college students?

Background: In recent years, the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) has become increasingly relevant in various sectors, including higher education. This study investigates the psychosocial factors influencing AI adoption among Peruvian university students and uses an extended UTAUT2 model to examine various constructs that may impact AI acceptance and use.

Method: This study employed a quantitative approach with a survey-based design.

Prognostic value of CHA2DS2-VASc score for in-hospital outcomes in patients with Takotsubo syndrome.

Background: There is uncertainty about the use of the CHA2DS2-VASc score to predict clinical events in patients with Takotsubo syndrome (TTS). This study aimed to assess the short-term prognostic role of CHA2DS2-VASc score in this population.

Methods: All admissions with a primary diagnosis of TTS were included using data from the National Inpatient Sample database during 2016-2019.

Very low prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (pfhrp2) gene deletion in the Brazil, Venezuela, and Guyana tri-border.

Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) have been an important diagnostic tool for detecting P. falciparum malaria in resource-limited settings. Most tests are designed to detect the Histidine-rich Protein 2 (HRP2).

Gender differences in sexual satisfaction through network analysis in young cisgender peruvians.

Gender differences related to sexual satisfaction (SS) have been discussed for decades. However, these subtle differences in SS indicators and their associations have not been fully understood. This study aims to analyze differences in the network structures of the items of an SS scale between men and women.

Proposal of a novel index in assessing perinatal mortality in prenatal diagnosis of Sacrococcygeal Teratoma.

Objectives: To describe obstetric characteristics and perinatal outcomes in a serie of fetuses with Sacrococcygeal Teratoma (SCT) and propose a novel index to assess postnatal mortality based on the THC ratio and the addition of the presence of polyhydramnios.

Methods: A retrospective study in a referral teaching hospital between 2013 and 2023. A descriptive analysis and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were performed to the determine the optimal cutoff value of the THC plus polyhydramnios based on optimal sensitivity and specificity.

Gender disparities in application and admission to the medical residency program in Peru: A cross sectional study from 2016 to 2023.

Objective: To investigate gender disparities in applications and admissions to the medical residency programs in Peru, focusing on differences in application and admission proportions between male and female.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study to assess the proportions of female applicants and admissions to medical residency programs in Peru from 2016 to 2023. Bayesian multilevel linear models were employed, incorporating random intercepts and slopes by specialty to account for variability across specialties.

Facial Lymphedema Following Head and Neck Tumor Resection: Preliminary Experience of Supermicrosurgical Treatment With LVA-Report of Three Cases.

Facial lymphedema (FL) is a potential complication following head-and-neck tumor (HNT) therapy. Conservative management is often difficult, and there is limited literature on surgical treatments for FL. This report presents three cases of FL treated with lymphaticovenular anastomosis (LVA).

Health Inequalities Between Afro-descendants and Non-Afro-descendants in Peru: Evidence from the Demographic and Family Health Survey.

Background: The Afro-Peruvian population is one of the ethnic minorities most affected by cultural, socioeconomic, and health barriers; however, there is little evidence on health inequalities in this ethnic group. Therefore, We aimed to determine health inequalities among the Peruvian Afro-descendant population in comparison with non-Afro-descendants.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the Demographic and Family Health Survey 2022.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia globally. While some familial cases are observed, sporadic AD cases are more common and reflect a high level of complexity, with individual risk determined by the interaction of polygenic and environmental factors.

Objective: To characterize polygenic genetic risk factors in individuals with cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's Disease across four regions of Peru.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Common and rare variants in SORL1 have been associated with increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Since 2019, we have run an international collaborative research initiative to ascertain a Peruvian cohort for Alzheimer's disease and other related dementias for genetic studies (PeADI).

Method: A Peruvian family (4 AD cases and two mild cognitive impairment (MCI) cases) was recruited through the PeADI study.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Prior studies have shown differences in the genetic etiology and clinical presentation of Alzheimer's Disease across populations. For example, for multiple genetic loci associated with AD, effect sizes can vary drastically between individuals of different ancestral backgrounds. Few investigations into differences in epigenetic features like DNA methylation have been conducted in AD, particularly in diverse individuals.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Most research initiatives have emerged from high-income countries (HIC), leaving a gap in understanding the disease's genetic basis in diverse populations like those in Latin American countries (LAC). ReDLat tackles this gap, focusing on LAC's unique genetics and socioeconomic factors to identify specific Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) risk factors in Mexico, Colombia, Peru, Chile, Argentina, and Brazil.

Method: We employed a comprehensive genetic analysis approach, integrating Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS), Exome Sequencing, and SNP arrays to understand the cohort's unique genetic architecture.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: The long-term goal of Health & Aging Brain Study - Health Disparities (HABS-HD) is to establish population-specific informed precision medicine for novel treatment and prevention strategies as has been done in other fields. Genomic studies are integral to these efforts and contribute vital data regarding genetic ancestry of the HABS-HD participants, as well as whole genome sequence data, genome-wide genotype (Illumina Global Screening array version 3.0) and epigenetic data (Illumina EPIC DNA methylation array).

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: In the US, African Americans (admixed with African and European) followed by Hispanics (admixed with Amerindian, African, and European) are the most affected groups compared to non-Hispanic Whites (NHW). While genetic diversity and admixture play crucial roles in disease risk, the ancestry-specific mechanisms remain poorly understood with most AD-related studies focusing on NHW. Despite the recent field efforts to include genetically admixed populations, there continues to be a lack of functional studies in AD across the different cell types in these populations.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Despite its high heritability, the genetic mechanisms influencing Alzheimer's Disease (AD), particularly in health disparity populations like African Americans (AA) and Hispanics (HI), are not fully understood. The lack of ancestral diversity in genetic datasets, notably in eQTL studies that associate genetic variation with gene expression, exacerbates these disparities. Our study seeks to address this gap by comparing the AD interactions of racially and ethnically diverse expression Quantitative Trait Loci (eQTL) effects to investigate the genetic influence on AD in underrepresented populations.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are consistently discovering genetic variants linked to the risk of developing this neurodegenerative condition. However, the effect size of the shared associated loci varies across populations as well as each population can have unique associations. This phenomenon could be explained by ancestry-dependent changes in the genomic regulatory architecture (GRA) influencing the expression of these genes, similar to the effect of different local ancestry on the risk of AD in APOE4 carriers.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) disproportionately affect Latinos compared to non-Latino whites. Leveraging the non-monolithic structure of Latin America, which represents a large variability in social determinants of health (SDoH) and high levels of genetic admixture, we aimed to determine contributors to ADRD disparities within Latinos, focusing on genetic ancestry and SDoH.

Method: Community-dwelling participants aged 65 and older (n = 4000) from Cuba, Dominican Republic, Mexico, and Peru completed the 10/66 protocol assessments, including sociodemographic and risk factors questionnaire, neurological exam, cognitive assessment, and blood draw.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Amerindian (AI) populations are substantially underrepresented in AD genetic studies. The Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP), a global genetic initiative established by the National Institute of Aging (NIA) is supporting regional initiatives in Latin America and its admixed population. Latin America is the largest recently admixed population, with variable Native American, European, and African ancestry proportions, as result of successive settlements and new massive migrations.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Research into human brain tissue is important for medical scientific advancement. Brain Banks worldwide allow the receipt of brains for such purposes through voluntary donation. Attitude towards organ donation can be influenced by cultural, ethical and social factors.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: People caring of individuals with dementia are prone to suffering from burden. Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) may have an impact on caregiver burden. In Latin American countries there is lack of research on caregiver burden.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) differ in their cognitive characteristics. Subscales of the Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS) provide an opportunity to test these cognitive domains across the two conditions. Multiple brief cognitive screening tools have been evaluated to differentiate specific types of dementia, but there are no reports regarding RUDAS yet.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) stands as a prominent cognitive impairment screening tool, finding widespread use globally and existing in official versions across 14 languages, including Spanish. Despite this, the challenges emerge due to the extensive variations within the Spanish language, which is not only the fourth most spoken language worldwide but also possesses significant geographic diversity, particularly evident in regions like Peru. Here, the intersection of regional nuances, low educational backgrounds, and culturally distinct tasks complicates the application of a standard MoCA version.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Transcultural adaptations of brief cognitive screening tools (BCTs) involve the development of alternate versions that are psychometrically equivalent to the original, while being linguistically and culturally adapted to a new sociodemographic context. The RUDAS (Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale) is less affected by culture, language, and education compared with other BCTs. However, several studies have reported an effect of education on RUDAS scores.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: The increasing prevalence of dementia, particularly in low-income regions, necessitates the development of effective cognitive screening methods. However, the suitability of many existing tools for illiterate and low-educated populations is limited, resulting in significant diagnostic disparities. This review aims to evaluate global cognitive assessment instruments for the identification of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and dementia in older adults with limited education.