1,069 results match your criteria: "Periventricular Leukomalacia Imaging"

Annually, 30 million children are affected by newborn conditions, most in low-income countries, with long-term implications for survivors. We aimed to evaluate neonatal intracranial pathologies identifiable on cranial ultrasound (CUS) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This systematic review and meta-analysis explored the spectrum of neonatal intracranial pathology, in nine databases, using the Joanna Briggs Institute Systematic Review Tools.

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Article Synopsis
  • Periventricular leukomalacia is commonly found in patients with spastic cerebral palsy and involves myelin damage that affects neuronal connectivity, particularly in infants.
  • This study compared grey matter alterations in 42 children with periventricular leukomalacia (divided into preterm and full-term) to 38 healthy controls using advanced brain imaging techniques.
  • Findings revealed that both groups had abnormal motor networks, with preterm infants showing greater atrophy in grey matter nuclei, while full-term infants had issues mainly in the motor cortex; connectivity changes between these brain regions also correlated with motor skill performance.
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Transplacental transmission of spirochetes from an infected mother to the fetus during pregnancy results in the infectious condition known as congenital syphilis (CS). Once a forgotten disease, CS has now re-emerged. We report the clinical case of an early CS in a neonate girl presented with severe congenital pneumonia (pneumonia alba) requiring intubation, along with skin lesions that were visible from birth on the palms and soles of the feet.

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Background: -related neuro-renal syndrome (NRS), caused by pathogenic variants of the gene, is characterized by epilepsy, developmental delay (DD) and renal disorders. The severity of the neurological effects as well as the presence of renal disorders is variable among patients. Here, we report three additional patients with clinical features compatible with NRS and summarize the association between the variants' loci and phenotype of -related NRS.

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Objective: This study investigates whether and to what extent cerebral injury is associated with bilateral blindness in extremely preterm infants, which has been attributed mainly to retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

Design: Multicentre analysis of children born from 1994 to 2021 at gestational age 22 0/7 to 28 6/7 weeks with follow-up at 18-26 months. Logistic regression examined the adjusted association of bilateral blindness with severe ROP and/or cerebral injury among extremely preterm infants.

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Introduction: Placental abruption (PA) is a major obstetric complication associated with worse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Though ultrasound findings may support the diagnosis of PA, the association of such findings to the severity of PA and maternal and neonatal outcomes is not yet clear. We aimed to assess the maternal and neonatal outcomes of PA cases with vs.

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Clinical and neuroradiological spectrum of biallelic variants in NOTCH3.

EBioMedicine

September 2024

Department of Neurogenetics, UCL Institute of Neurology London Queen Square and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
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Aim: Intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) and periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) in preterm infants are associated with an increased risk of long-term neurodevelopmental impairments (NDI) and cerebral palsy (CP). However, little is known about their impact on early neurodevelopmental outcomes despite increasing evidence highlighting the feasibility and importance of early NDI/CP diagnosis. We aimed to determine the early neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants with IVH and PVL.

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Cerebral palsy in children: A clinical practice review.

Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care

November 2024

National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Israel; Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatrics, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Kentucky; Children's Hospital, University of Kentucky, Lexington, United States; Professor of Public Health, Center for Healthy Development, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, United States.

Cerebral palsy is a disorder characterized by abnormal tone, posture, and movement. In clinical practice, it is often useful to approach cerebral palsy based on the predominant motor system findings - spastic hemiplegia, spastic diplegia, spastic quadriplegia, extrapyramidal or dyskinetic, and ataxic. The prevalence of cerebral palsy is between 1.

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Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect, affecting 1% of children who are born in the United States each year. Children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome, a type of critical CHD, are at high risk for neurodevelopmental disabilities, which are conditions that can affect motor, language, and cognitive development. In children with critical CHD, the severity and prevalence of their motor delays is most pronounced in infancy.

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Exploring the thalamus L-sign: initial findings and associations with white matter injury in premature infants.

Pediatr Radiol

August 2024

Medical Imaging Division, Rambam Health Care Campus, HaAliya HaShniya 8, PO Box 9602, 3109601, Haifa, Israel.

Background: The thalamus L-sign, characterized by damage to the lateral and posterior parts of the thalamus, has recently been identified as a potential marker of partial prolonged hypoxic-ischemic injury (HII). Although prematurity-related thalamic injury is well documented, its association with the thalamus L-sign is infrequently described.

Objective: The primary objective of this study was to further investigate the thalamus L-sign in premature birth and white matter injury.

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Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 9 (PCH9) is a rare, autosomal, recessive, neurodevelopmental disorder caused by a mutation in the AMPD2 gene. Despite its rarity, it presents distinctive clinical and neuroradiological features. Diagnosing it is challenging yet crucial for appropriate management.

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Article Synopsis
  • Phenytoin (PHT) is a medication used to treat epilepsy but has a narrow therapeutic window, necessitating careful monitoring to avoid adverse drug reactions (ADRs) like ataxia, which is less commonly reported.* -
  • A case report describes a 16-year-old Asian patient who developed ataxia, giddiness, and vomiting while on Phenytoin and other seizure medications, with MRI revealing brain lesions and toxic serum levels of Phenytoin.* -
  • The patient’s adverse symptoms resolved after discontinuation of Phenytoin and continuation of other medications, highlighting the importance of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) to prevent toxicity and promote better treatment outcomes in epilepsy.*
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Neonatal brain injury (NBI) is a critical condition for preterm neonates with potential long-term adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. This prospective longitudinal case-control study aimed at investigating the levels and prognostic value of serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) during the first 3 days of life in preterm neonates (<34 weeks) that later developed brain injury in the form of either periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) or intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) during their hospitalization. Participants were recruited from one neonatal intensive care unit, and on the basis of birth weight and gestational age, we matched each case ( = 29) with a neonate who had a normal head ultrasound scan ( = 29).

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We estimated the incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and/or periventricular leukomalacia/echogenicity (PVL/E) in Rhesus isoimmunized infants. Seventy-one infants underwent cranial ultrasound within the first 3 days of life or discharge, whichever was earlier. Of these, 27 (38%) infants had IVH/ PVL/E.

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Aberrant White Matter Development in Cerebral Visual Impairment: A Proposed Mechanism for Visual Dysfunction Following Early Brain Injury.

J Integr Neurosci

January 2024

Laboratory for Visual Neuroplasticity, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.

Background: Cerebral visual impairment (CVI) is a common sequala of early brain injury, damage, or malformation and is one of the leading individual causes of visual dysfunction in pediatric populations worldwide. Although patients with CVI are heterogeneous both in terms of underlying etiology and visual behavioural manifestations, there may be underlying similarities in terms of which white matter pathways are potentially altered. This exploratory study used diffusion tractography to examine potential differences in volume, quantitative anisotropy (QA), as well as mean, axial, and radial diffusivities (mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD) and radial diffusivity (RD), respectively) focusing on the dorsal and ventral visual stream pathways in a cohort of young adults with CVI compared to typically sighted and developing controls.

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Objectives: Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) at term-equivalent age (TEA) can detect brain injury (BI) associated with adverse neurological outcomes in preterm infants. This study aimed to assess BI incidences in a large, consecutive cohort of preterm infants born < 32 weeks of gestation, the comparison between very (VPT, ≥ 28 + 0 to < 32 + 0 weeks of gestation) and extremely preterm infants (EPT, < 28 + 0 weeks of gestation) and across weeks of gestation.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed cMRIs at TEA of VPT and EPT infants born at a large tertiary center (2009-2018).

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Background: Improvements in perinatal care have substantially decreased mortality rates among preterm infants, yet their neurodevelopmental outcomes and quality of life persist as a pertinent public health concern. Family-centered care has emerged as a holistic philosophy that promotes effective alliances among patients, families, and healthcare providers to improve the quality of care.

Aims: This longitudinal prospective study aims to evaluate the neurodevelopmental outcomes and brain MRI findings in a cohort of preterm newborns admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) adopting a family-centered care model.

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Raine syndrome (MIM 259775) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder, first described by Raine et al. in 1989, with an estimated prevalence of <1/1,000,000. This is due to pathogenic variants in FAM20C characterized by osteosclerosis, typical craniofacial features, and brain calcifications.

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Purpose: Preterm children with cerebral palsy (CP) often have varying hand dysfunction, while the specific brain injury with periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) cannot quite explain its mechanism. We aimed to investigate glymphatic activity using diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) method and evaluate its association with brain lesion burden and hand dysfunction in children with CP secondary to PVL.

Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 18 children with bilateral spastic CP due to PVL and 29 age- and sex-matched typically developing controls.

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In 2015, germline mutations in were found to cause neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). To date, fewer than 50 cases of -related NDDs have been reported. Here, we report the first Korean case of -related NDD harboring a novel missense variant with previously unreported clinical features.

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Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) are relatively common conditions in premature infants with low birth weight (VLBW). However, in the current literature, there are limited case reports of patients with concomitant NEC and PVL. We report a case of a premature female born at a gestational age of 25 weeks and five days who developed cystic intracranial lesions after emergent bowel resection due to NEC.

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[Neurological consequences of prematurity].

Medicina (B Aires)

September 2023

Unidad Académica de Neuropediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República (UDELAR). Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell, Montevideo, Uruguay.

Premature births are an important health indicator for a country. These children have a higher risk of mortality and morbidity. The main brain injuries in preterm infants include white matter injuries, intracranial hemorrhages, and cerebellar injuries.

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Radiological and Genetic Evaluation in Hypotonic Infants.

J Coll Physicians Surg Pak

September 2023

Department of Medical Genetics, Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey.

Objective: To investigate the importance and diagnostic yield of genetic and radiological evaluations in children with hypotonia.

Study Design: Comparative observational study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Pediatrics Neurology, Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey, between 2019 and 2022.

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